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2 Working the land ***閱讀理解。 Whenever something looks interesting or beautiful, there is a natural desire of us to capture(捕捉) and preserve it—which means, in this day and age, that we are likely to reach for our phones to take a picture. Though this would seem to be an ideal solution, there are two big problems associated with taking pictures. Firstly, we are likely to be so busy taking pictures that we forget to look at the world whose beauty and interest encourage us to take a photograph in the first place. And secondly, because we feel the pictures are safely stored on our phones, we never get around to looking at them, so sure are we that we’ll get around to them one day. The first person to notice the problems was the English art critic(評(píng)論家), John Ruskin. He was a keen traveler who realized that most tourists make a poor job of noticing or remembering the beautiful things they see. He argued that humans have a natural tendency to respond to beauty and desire to have it, but there are better and worse expressions of this desire. At worst, we get into buying souvenirs or taking photographs. But, in Ruskin’s eyes, there’s just one thing we should do—attempting to draw the interesting things we see, regardless of whether we happen to have any talent for doing so. Ruskin said, “Drawing can teach us to see: to notice properly rather than gaze absentmindedly.In the process of recreating with our own hands what lies before our eyes, we naturally move from a position of observing beauty in a loose way to one where we acquire a deep understanding of its parts.” Ruskin deplored the blindness and hurry of modern tourists, especially those who prided themselves on traveling around the whole Europe in a week by train, “No changing of places at a hundred miles an hour will make us stronger, happier, or wiser. There was always more in the world than men could see, if they ever walked slowly. The really precious things are thoughts and sights, not pace.” 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要討論了旅游中如何享受美景以及游客普遍存在的問(wèn)題。 1．According to Paragraph 2, when taking pictures, people tend to ． A．forget to appreciate something attractive on the spot B．find it hard to learn skills of taking good pictures C．find a good way to keep things in their minds D．have a chance to meet the challenge of new technology A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的第二句可知，人們忙著拍照而忘了欣賞風(fēng)景。 2．According to Ruskin, what should travelers do to best express their appreciation of and desire for something beautiful? A．To speak it out openly. B．To photograph it instantly. C．To purchase it immediately. D．To paint it directly. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句可知，Ruskin認(rèn)為，旅游者把自己看到的美景直接畫(huà)下來(lái)就是對(duì)美景欣賞的最好表達(dá)。 3．From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that Ruskin encourages us to be ． A．considerate and determined B．a(chǎn)ctive and adventurous C．creative and thoughtful D．sensitive and ambitious C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“In the process of recreating with our own hands ... we acquire a deep understanding of its parts.”可推知，Ruskin鼓勵(lì)我們要有創(chuàng)造性，對(duì)景觀要有深刻的理解。 4．The underlined word “deplored” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “ ”． A．a(chǎn)ppreciated　　　　　 B．criticized C．favored D．ignored B　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段的“the blindness and hurry of modern tourists”并結(jié)合Ruskin的主張可推知，deplore意為“批判，不贊成”，故選B。 ***語(yǔ)法填空。 Anyone who has had a longterm disease knows that recovering at home can be lonely. This can be __1__ (especial) true of children. They may feel __2__ (leave) out. Now, these children may have a hightech friend to help feel less lonely. A small robot may help children who are recovering from a longterm __3__ (ill). The robot like human beings takes their place at school. And their school friends must help carry the robot between classes and place the robot on their desks. Through the robot, a child can hear his or her teachers and friends. He or she can also attend classes from wherever they are recovering—whether at home __4__ from a hospital bed. Dolva, one of the scientists who __5__ (be) concentrating on developing the robot, explains __6__ the robot AV1 works. She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot. __7__ (use) the same device, he or she can control the robots movements. Inside the robot, there is a small puter linked __8__ a 4G network. The robot is __9__ (equip) with speakers, microphones and cameras, which makes municating __10__ (easy). So its the eyes and the ears and the voices at school. Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。病人由于長(zhǎng)期患病在家，可能會(huì)感覺(jué)很孤獨(dú)，對(duì)于孩子更是如此。本文介紹了一種機(jī)器人，可以幫助患病的孩子減少孤獨(dú)感。 1．especially　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處修飾形容詞true，要用副詞，故填especially。 2．left　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。leave out表示“遺漏；忽略”，與主語(yǔ)they構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。故填left。 3．illness　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。longterm為形容詞，意為“長(zhǎng)期的”，后應(yīng)接名詞。故填illness。 4．or　考查連詞。根據(jù)句中的whether可知應(yīng)填or，whether ... or ... 為固定搭配，“無(wú)論……還是……”。 5．a(chǎn)re　考查主謂一致和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。本句中，who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the scientists，故從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；全文客觀地介紹一種機(jī)器人，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填are。 6．how　考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作explains的賓語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，表“方式”，故用how連接該從句。 7．Using　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語(yǔ)can control，因此，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；use與其邏輯主語(yǔ)he or she之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作方式狀語(yǔ)。故填Using。 8．to/with　考查介詞。be linked to/with ... 為固定搭配，“與……連接”。故填to/with。 9．equipped　考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。be equipped with ... 為固定搭配，“裝配有……”。故填equipped。 10．easier　考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。設(shè)空處在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，而且本句暗含比較意義，應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填easier。 ***完形填空。 閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade.She wasnt my __1__；she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡邏隊(duì))on which I __2__.I loved being around her and __3__ her sense of humor and kind personality.She was __4__ a good listener. At the end of the year，she __5__ that she was moving to Florida，and I was very sad.We exchanged __6__ and became pen pals.I could tell her __7__，and she treated me __8__ respect even though I was a teenager. In Florida，Mrs.Freeman became a Realtor(房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人), __9__ she managed to find time to write letters.She wrote __10__ stories and always took my concerns __11__.She had given me a(n) __12__ invitation to visit，and I missed her so much.When I __13__ to take her up on the __14__ ，she answered，“Get your shoes on and your bags __15__ ！You are wele anytime！” I spent three weeks with her in Miami.Her __16__ of poetry，music，and creative writing __17__ me to follow these endeavors(努力)．One day __18__ hanging sheets on the clothesline，she __19__ and said，“You know，the sky is fuel for the soul.”I had never looked at the __20__ before hearing those words.Two years later，I received a call that Mrs.Freeman had passed away. 1．A.mother　　　　　 　B．friend C．classmate D．teacher 2．A.served B．a(chǎn)dvised C．expected D．led 3．A.shared B．enjoyed C．imagined D．found 4．A.never B．just C．still D．a(chǎn)lso 5．A.knew B．a(chǎn)nnounced C．thought D．realized 6．A.addresses B．gifts C．views D．roles 7．A.many B．much C．everything D．something 8．A.in B．a(chǎn)s C．with D．to 9．A.so B．but C．or D．for 10．A.amusing B．different C．emotional D．ordinary 11．A.immediately B．carefully C．seriously D．privately 12．A.urgent B．lucky C．a(chǎn)mbiguous D．open 13．A.decided B．hesitated C．wrote D．hurried 14．A.offer B．promise C．excuse D．message 15．A.bought B．found C．filled D．packed 16．A.love B．dream C．sense D．feeling 17．A.persuaded B．encouraged C．forced D．a(chǎn)llowed 18．A.before B．once C．while D．a(chǎn)fter 19．A.looked over B．looked out C．looked up D．looked down 20．A.clouds B．flowers C．people D．houses 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了作者在中學(xué)期間和一名英語(yǔ)老師之間的故事。 【核心詞匯】adviser n．顧問(wèn)　pen pal筆友　concern n．擔(dān)心的事，關(guān)切的事 1．D　根據(jù)上文中的“Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade”和空后的“she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡邏隊(duì))”可推知，Mildred Webinga Freeman不是作者的老師(teacher)，下文中的“and became pen pals”也是提示。 2．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)也在巡邏隊(duì)里。serve“為……工作”。 3．B　根據(jù)空前的“I loved being around her”可知，作者喜歡(enjoyed)老師的幽默感和善良的品質(zhì)。 4．D　根據(jù)上文中的“an English teacher”和“the adviser”可知，本句是對(duì)這位老師身份的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。她也(also)是一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者。 5．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，老師宣布(announced)了一個(gè)消息，她要搬到佛羅里達(dá)州了，作者感到很傷心。 6．A　根據(jù)上文中的“At the end of the year, she __5__ that she was moving to Florida”和空后的“and became pen pals”可推知，作者和老師互換了地址(addresses)，成了筆友。 7．C　根據(jù)上文中的“and became pen pals”與空后的“she treated me __8__ respect even though I was a teenager”可推知，作者與老師無(wú)話不談，這與上文作者樂(lè)于和老師相處的背景呼應(yīng)。故選C。 8．C　固定搭配：treat sb.with sth.意為“以某種態(tài)度/方式對(duì)待某人”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。 9．B　根據(jù)空后的“she managed to find time to write letters”可推知，上下文表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B。 10．A　根據(jù)上文中的“I loved being around her and __3__ her sense of humor and kind personality”可推知，老師很幽默，總是給作者講一些好笑的(amusing)故事。 11．C　take sb./sth.seriously為固定搭配，意為“認(rèn)真對(duì)待某人/某事”。老師認(rèn)真對(duì)待作者所關(guān)切的事情。 12．D　根據(jù)下文中的“You are wele anytime”可推知，老師歡迎作者隨時(shí)來(lái)訪，an open invitation為習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“隨時(shí)可以來(lái)訪的邀請(qǐng)”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。urgent“急迫的”；ambiguous“模棱兩可的”。 13．C　根據(jù)上文中的“We exchanged __6__ and became pen pals”可推知，作者寫(xiě)信(wrote)告訴老師，他接受她的提議(offer)。 14．A　參見(jiàn)上題解析。offer“提供，提議”。 15．D　因?yàn)樽髡咭タ赐蠋?，因此老師建議作者收拾行李(packed)，隨時(shí)歡迎作者的到來(lái)。 16．A　老師對(duì)詩(shī)歌、音樂(lè)和文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的熱愛(ài)(love)激勵(lì)(encouraged)著作者去努力。 17．B　參見(jiàn)上題解析。 18．C　一天，當(dāng)老師正在把床單掛在曬衣繩上的時(shí)候，她抬頭看(looked up)到了天空而有所感悟。while“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。 19．C　參見(jiàn)上題解析。 20．A　根據(jù)上文中的“You know, the sky is fuel for the soul”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，當(dāng)時(shí)老師看了天空，此處指的應(yīng)是天上的云(clouds)。 ***短文改錯(cuò)。 Mistakes are unavoidable in life. But attitudes towards it may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved. In a beginning, I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes.Before long my teacher got to know about my situation.He encouraged me to speak out that I thought. Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging, my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must avoid them.I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak. Practice made perfect. Now I can talk fluent in English. Just as the saying goes, “Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes. Learn from mistakes, and success is just waiting for us. 答案： Mistakes are unavoidable in life. But attitudes towards may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved. In beginning, I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes.Before long my teacher got to know about my situation.He encouraged me to speak out I thought. Whenever I made mistakes and felt ， my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I avoid them.I also joined an English club to get more chances to speak. Practice perfect. Now I can talk in English. Just as the saying goes, “Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes. Learn from mistakes, and success is just waiting for us. 難項(xiàng)分析： 第四處：that→what　考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，what既作賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，也作從句中及物動(dòng)詞thought的賓語(yǔ)，而that在賓語(yǔ)從句中不作成分，故將that改為what。 第六處：must→could　考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，該句表示“幫我弄明白怎樣才能避免這些錯(cuò)誤”，作者回顧提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的過(guò)程，是過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為，故用could do sth.。 第十處：afraid前加be　考查祈使句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為祈使句，afraid為形容詞，故afraid前加動(dòng)詞原形be。 ***