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Unit 4 Wildlife Protection 一、閱讀理解。 Its generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brule latte because they like expensive coffee drinks. Its undeniable that behavior es from our inner dispositions(性情),but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are. Moreover, we dont just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character — we infer characters that werent there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didnt.Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition. Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people bee what they do, though it may not be in pliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonneguts advice: "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be." 1.According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are monly believed to　　　. A. determine ones behavior B. reflect ones taste C. influence ones surroundings D. result from ones habits 2.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with? A. The return of a wallet can indicate ones honesty. B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old. C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment. D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee. 3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage? A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions. B. We can be influenced by outside pressures. C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires. D. Our characters can shape our social relationships. 4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage? A. Personalities and attitudes. B. Preferences and habits. C. Behavior and personalities. D. Attitudes and preferences. 【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。觀其行知其人，那么行為又是由什么來(lái)決定的呢? 1.A 【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段的第一句話可知答案。人們通常認(rèn)為性格和態(tài)度決定一個(gè)人的行為。故選A。 3.B 【解析】考查推理判斷。畫線部分實(shí)際上是一個(gè)例子，例子前面往往是觀點(diǎn),因此根據(jù)畫線部分前一句可知答案。我們有時(shí)候會(huì)受到外界壓力的影響。故選B。 4.C 【解析】考查主旨大意。全文主要闡述的是人的行為和性格的關(guān)系，所以選擇C項(xiàng)。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．More attention should be paid to (improve) the safety of school buses, which has bee a big concern of the whole society. 答案：improving 2．Around 540 million people (affect) by secondhand smoke, which causes 100, 000 deaths per year. 答案：are affected 3．I received a letter (contain) some important information about the project. 答案：containing 4．I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”， just I might do in China. 答案：as 5．So I suggest you (keep) the balance between your study and entertainment, such as doing sports, listening to music and so on. 答案：(should) keep 6．We appreciate (participate) in this activity, which has helped to build an emotional connection between the old and the young. 答案：participating 7．After he retired, the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from (damage)． 答案：being damaged 8．Men and women must be treated equally in education and (employ)． 答案：employment 9．I will tell you the way you can study English well, because I know the way you have accepted is not the best. 答案：that; that/which 10．No one has e up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs died ． 答案：out 三、完形填空。 That was my first ballet performance and I was the lead role. A huge black curtain 1 me from the crowd. My heart raced so rapidly that it would 2 out of my chest. A rush of 3 shot through my body when the music began and I took my 4 at the center of the stage. I pushed off the floor as hard as I could and 5 into the air. Then I started to e 6 for my landing, preparing to jump again, and yet my foot 7 . I fell, facefirst. For a moment I couldn’t 8 ， wondering if I should go on. 9 ， trained for thousands of hours for twelve years, my muscles ignored the 10 of my mind and I 11 myself back on my feet. I finished the part and left the stage. Bending over a table, I tried to 12 tears. I didn’t want to go back to finish the last twenty minutes. I didn’t 13 the lead role. Then came my teacher. “The 14 thing on stage is to fall. You’ve gotten it, so what’s left to 15 ？ Just go and give it all.” Her words 16 me. Minutes later, I went back onstage and pletely let go of 17 ．I just danced, letting the music guide me through the movement. Now, as a Principal Dancer, I often think about that performance. We fall when we try our hardest. There is no 18 ，only pride. Falling is 19 and sometimes it is easier just to stay on the 20 ．But if we never get up，we will never experience what it is like to fly. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　作者通過(guò)講述自己第一次芭蕾舞演出的經(jīng)歷告訴我們，當(dāng)我們盡了最大的努力，即使跌倒了，也不是恥辱，而是驕傲。如果我們跌倒了再也不爬起來(lái)，我們就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)體驗(yàn)到飛翔的感覺。 1．A.covered　　　　　　 B．hid C．protected D．drove B　解析：演出還沒有開始，巨大的幕布把作者藏在后面，與觀眾隔開。cover 意為“覆蓋”；hide 意為“隱藏”；protect 意為“保護(hù)”；drive 意為“驅(qū)趕；駕駛”。故選B項(xiàng)。 2．A.beat B．drop C．run D．shout A　解析：此處描寫作者緊張激動(dòng)的心情：作者的心跳得很快，幾乎要跳出胸膛。選項(xiàng)中只有 beat 有表示心臟跳動(dòng)的含義。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．A.amazement B．excitement C．sadness D．satisfaction B　解析：由上句可知，作者非常激動(dòng)、緊張，所以音樂(lè)響起時(shí)內(nèi)心應(yīng)該是激動(dòng)的。 amazement 意為“驚異”； excitement 意為“興奮；激動(dòng)”；sadness意為“悲傷”；satisfaction意為“滿意”。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 4．A.time B．turn C．place D．order C　解析：根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，作者是領(lǐng)舞，所以音樂(lè)響起后會(huì)站到舞臺(tái)中央。take one’s time意為“不慌不忙”；take one’s turn意為“輪到某人”；take one’s place意為“某人就位”；take one’s order意為“為某人點(diǎn)餐”。故選C項(xiàng)。 5．A.flew B．spun C．rose D．looked A　解析：根據(jù)空前的pushed off the floor 可知，這是作者在努力蹬離地面躍到空中。fly意為“飛翔”，表現(xiàn)芭蕾舞的騰空動(dòng)作，符合語(yǔ)境，故選A項(xiàng)。spin意為“旋轉(zhuǎn)”；rise意為“升起”；look意為“看”。 6．A.out B．in C．down D．off C　解析：上文提到躍到空中，再根據(jù)空后的preparing to jump again可知，此處是準(zhǔn)備落地。故選C項(xiàng)。 7．A.slipped B．stopped C．stepped D．a(chǎn)dvanced A　解析：根據(jù)后面的I fell，facefirst.可推測(cè)，此處指作者摔倒了，可能的原因是腳下打滑了。slip意為“打滑”；stop意為“停止”；step意為“踏步”；advance意為“前進(jìn)”。故選A項(xiàng)。 8．A.think B．cry C．move D．believe C　解析：根據(jù)空后的wondering if I should go on 可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)不知道是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)表演，由此可以推測(cè)，作者當(dāng)時(shí)摔倒后不能動(dòng)彈(move)。故選C項(xiàng)。 9．A.Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Instead B　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，作者不知道自己是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)表演，然而十二年無(wú)數(shù)小時(shí)的訓(xùn)練使作者的肌肉本能地忽略了內(nèi)心的猶豫，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己又站了起來(lái)，上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B項(xiàng)。 10．A.loss B．pain C．relief D．hesitation D　解析：根據(jù)上文中的wondering if I should go on 以及空格后的mind可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)在猶豫。loss意為“損失”；pain意為“疼痛”；relief意為“寬慰”；hesitation意為“猶豫”。故選D項(xiàng)。 11．A.found B．dragged C．a(chǎn)ccustomed D．a(chǎn)llowed A　解析：作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己又站了起來(lái)。find意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；drag意為“拖動(dòng)”；accustom意為“使習(xí)慣”；allow意為“允許”。故選A項(xiàng)。 12．A.dry up B．wipe out C．burst into D．fight back D　解析：表演告一段落之后，作者回到了后臺(tái)，伏在一張桌子上努力抑制住淚水。根據(jù)空前的tried to以及當(dāng)時(shí)的舞臺(tái)表演場(chǎng)合可知，作者應(yīng)該是強(qiáng)忍淚水。dry up意為“使干涸”；wipe out意為“徹底毀滅；抹去”；burst into意為“突然……起來(lái)”；fight back意為“抗?fàn)帲豢酥?；忍住”。故選D項(xiàng)。 13．A.play B．deserve C．get D．finish B　解析：作者在舞臺(tái)上摔倒，覺得自己沒資格當(dāng)領(lǐng)舞。play意為“玩耍；參加；演奏”；deserve意為“應(yīng)得；應(yīng)受”；get意為“獲得”；finish意為“完成”。故選B項(xiàng)。 14．A.unexpected B．a(chǎn)wkward C．mon D．worst D　解析：此處是老師的鼓勵(lì)：舞臺(tái)上最糟糕的事就是摔倒，你已經(jīng)摔倒了，還有什么可失去的？unexpected意為“出乎意料的”；awkward意為“尷尬的”；mon意為“常見的”；worst意為“最壞的”。故選D項(xiàng)。 15．A.go B．do C．lose D．say C　解析：沒有什么比舞臺(tái)上摔倒更糟糕的事了，所以不用害怕再失去(lose)什么。故選C項(xiàng)。 16．A.awoke B．enriched C．excited D．surprised A　解析：根據(jù)下文Minutes later, I went back onstage and pletely let go of ...可知，作者又回到舞臺(tái)繼續(xù)表演，因此，此處指老師的話點(diǎn)醒了作者。awake意為“喚醒”；enrich意為“使豐富；充實(shí)”；excite意為“使興奮；使激動(dòng)”；surprise意為“使驚訝”。故選A項(xiàng)。 17．A.the music B．myself C．the teacher D．others B　解析：根據(jù)下文I just danced, letting the music guide me through the movement.可知，作者隨著音樂(lè)盡情舞蹈，釋放自己。故選B項(xiàng)。 18．A.excuse B．fear C．benefit D．shame D　解析：結(jié)合上文作者認(rèn)為自己摔倒是一種恥辱，而本句和下文則認(rèn)為摔倒是一種驕傲。excuse意為“借口”；fear意為“害怕”；benefit意為“好處”；shame意為“羞恥”。故選D項(xiàng)。 19．A.shocking B．interesting C．rare D．terrible D　解析：根據(jù)上文作者摔倒后的想法可知，此處應(yīng)為摔倒很糟糕。shocking意為“驚人的”；interesting意為“有趣的”；rare意為“稀有的”；terrible意為“糟糕的”。故選D項(xiàng)。 20．A.spot B．road C．ground D．stage C　解析：根據(jù)下文的get up和fly可知，此處是說(shuō)摔倒后待在地上不再站起來(lái)更簡(jiǎn)單。spot意為“地點(diǎn)”；road意為“道路”；ground意為“地面”；stage意為“舞臺(tái)”。故選C項(xiàng)。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．With his attention fixing on his mobile phone, he didn’t notice his headteacher’s appearance. 答案：fixing→fixed 2．The scientist explained in his book how the universe was came into being. 答案：去掉was 3．It’s standard practice for a pany like this one employ a security officer. 答案：在employ前加to 4．She is a kindhearted woman and often has a mercy on people who are in trouble. 答案：去掉mercy前的a 5．He was at loss for what to say to the teacher’s question—obviously he was lost in thought just now. 答案：在loss前加a 五、單元語(yǔ)法——現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1．(2018北京第六十六中期中)The thief was caught stealing money from the shop opposite the school and (question) by the local police at the moment. 答案：is being questioned 2．(2018安徽合肥模擬)—You look so tired and pale. Anything wrong? —I hate to plain，but a new road (build) throughout the night. 答案：is being built 3．—Doug，where is your coach Chow? —See，he (interview) by a group of journalists. 答案：is being interviewed 4．—Some measures have been taken to prevent the environment from being destroyed. —Yes. And the wildlife in this area (protect)． 答案：is being protected 5．—What’s that terrible noise，David? —Oh，I forgot to tell you. The new machines in the nearby plant (test)． 答案：are being tested