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Unit 1 Women of achievement 一、閱讀理解 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Summer Camps in Season! STEM Camp July 10 to August 14，Cost：$180 90% of the jobs in the future will require STEM(Science，Technology，Engineering & Mathematics)education.We find ways to make learning fun and exciting for students to help ensure their futures.Campers participate in fun and engaging STEM activities！Register：.stemcamp.ca or call 519－475－6600. Kandalore June 15 to 28，Cost：$2,340 The finest traditional camp in Canada，provides the best of both canoe(獨(dú)木舟)adventures and incamp activities.For more than 65 years，Kandalore has given campers the opportunity to know and be themselves.We create a warm and supportive environment where kids can express their unique self，grow in selfconfidence and build lifetime friendships.Register：.kandalore. or call 416－322－9735. ESL Summer Camp June 25 to July 21，Cost：$5,500 Pickering College has an exciting ESL summer camp for students aged 12－18 who want to learn English and experience the wonders of summer at our 42acre campus；students enjoy the excellent dormitory，dining，academic，and social facilities of one of Canadas oldest independent schools.Register：.pickeringcollege.on.ca or call 905－175－8900. DEEP Summer Academy August 16 to 26，Cost：$465 We provide highly motivated high school students from across the world with the opportunity for advanced study in a variety of engineering，technology，business and science subjects.Organized by the University of Toronto，DEEP is one of the most diverse preuniversity engineering programs all over the world with scholarships.Register：.outreach.engineering.utoronto.ca or call 416－946－0816. 1．Which number should you call if you want to improve your English? A．519－475－6600.　　B．416－322－9735. C．416－946－0816. D．905－175－8900. 2．When will the shortest camp start? A．On July 10. B．On June 15. C．On June 25. D．On August 16. 3．Where can you go if you are interested in the experience of adventure? A．Kandalore. B．STEM Camp. C．ESL Summer Camp. D．DEEP Summer Academy. 4．How similar are STEM Camp and DEEP Summer Academy? A．They both offer scholarships for students. B．They provide the same courses for students. C．They both prepare students for their development. D．They are both designed for international students. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四個(gè)夏令營(yíng)的時(shí)間、收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、主要活動(dòng)內(nèi)容及聯(lián)系方式等信息。 【難句分析】Pickering College has an exciting ESL summer camp for students aged 12－8 who want to learn English and experience the wonders of summer at our 42acre campus；students enjoy the excellent dormitory，dining，academic，and social facilities of one of Canadas oldest independent schools. 分析：本句中aged 12－18作students的后置定語；who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞students。dormitory, dining, academic和social facilities都作enjoy的賓語，of one of Canadas oldest independent schools作facilities的后置定語。 譯文：Pickering學(xué)院有一個(gè)為(那些)想要學(xué)習(xí)英語和在學(xué)院42英畝的校區(qū)內(nèi)感受夏天的奇觀的12至18歲的學(xué)生們舉辦的令人興奮的ESL夏令營(yíng)，(參加的)學(xué)生們(可以)享受加拿大最古老的私立學(xué)校的一流食宿、學(xué)習(xí)和社交設(shè)施。 1．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三則信息中的“Pickering College has an exciting ESL summer camp for students aged 1218 who want to learn English”和“call 9051758900”可知D選項(xiàng)正確。 2．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。綜合四則信息可知，DEEP Summer Academy的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度是11天，與題干的the shortest camp相符合。所以D選項(xiàng)正確。 3．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二則信息中的“provides the best of both canoe(獨(dú)木舟)adventures and incamp activities”可知，選項(xiàng)A與題干的“the experience of adventure”相符合。所以A選項(xiàng)正確。 4．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一則信息中的“for students to help ensure their futures”和第四則信息中的“We provide highly motivated high school students from across the world with the opportunity for advanced study”可以推斷二者都對(duì)學(xué)生的未來發(fā)展(development)有幫助。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。 二、單句語法填空 1．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________(regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise. 答案：is regarded　當(dāng)主語后面接由along with引起的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和主語(cycling)保持一致；cycling與regard之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且此處描述一般事實(shí)。 2．He was observed by officers ________(drive) at 90 miles per hour. 答案：driving　observe在本句中意為“注意到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，在句中構(gòu)成observe sb. doing sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)式，用v.ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 3．Many times the person who hurt you does not intend ________ (apologize)． 答案：to apologize　intend to do sth. “打算做某事”。 4．Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable ________(achieve) for one so young. 答案：achievement　a remarkable achievement “一個(gè)非凡的成就”。 5．With our teacher ________(support) us, we feel quite encouraged. 答案：supporting　support “支持”前有With, 因此應(yīng)使用所填詞的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，且teacher和support構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填supporting。 6．He has decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile ________(buy) it. 答案：buying/to buy　It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. “值得做某事”。 7．The little boys bad ________(behave) at the party made his parents upset. 答案：behaviour　behaviour “行為”是名詞，此處作主語。 8．Tolerance consists in ________(respect) the opinions of others. 答案：respecting　句意：寬容在于尊重別人的觀點(diǎn)。介詞后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞ing形式。 9．puters have replaced televisions as our most popular form of ________(entertain)． 答案：entertainment　介詞of后應(yīng)為名詞entertainment “娛樂活動(dòng)；娛樂”。 10．What I would like to do today is to advance an ________(argue) and see what you make of it. 答案：argument　由an可知，應(yīng)填argument名詞“論點(diǎn)”。 三、完形填空 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 (2018福建泉州質(zhì)檢) An 18yearold student at Stanford University was struggling to pay his fees.Not knowing where to turn for money，he came up with a bright __1__.He and a friend decided to host a musical concert on campus to __2__ money for their education. They__3__ out to the great pianist Ignacy J．Paderewski.His manager__4__ a guaranteed fee of$2,000 for the piano recital(獨(dú)奏會(huì))．A deal was__5__ and the boys began to work to make the concert a __6__. The big day arrived.But __7__ ，they had not managed to sell enough tickets.The total __8__ was only $1,600.Disappointed，they went to Paderewski and explained their plight(困境)．They gave him the entire $1,600，plus a __9__ for the balance$400.They promised to honor the check at the __10__ possible.Paderewski tore up the check，__11__ the$1,600 and told the two boys to keep the money they needed for the fees.The boys were__12__ ，and thanked him heartedly. It was a small act of __13__.But it clearly marked out Paderewski __14__ a great human being. __15__ should he help two people he did not even know? We all __16__ situations like these in our lives.And__17__ of us only think“If I help them，what will happen to me？”The truly __18__ people think，“If I dont help them，what will happen to them？”They dont do it __19__ something in return.They do it __20__ they feel its the right thing to do. 1．A.time　　　　　　B．task C．idea D．decision 2．A.receive B．raise C．borrow D．donate 3．A.reached B．turned C．pointed D．called 4．A.increased B．covered C．considered D．demanded 5．A.rejected B．struck C．canceled D．a(chǎn)ttracted 6．A.success B．career C．background D．performance 7．A.uncertainly B．unbelievably C．unfortunately D．undoubtedly 8．A.cost B．bill C．collection D．a(chǎn)llowance 9．A.benefit B．profit C．charge D．check 10．A.soonest B．latest C．longest D．farthest 11．A.took B．counted C．deposited D．returned 12．A.pleased B．surprised C．frightened D．interested 13．A.devotion B．kindness C．sympathy D．teamwork 14．A.like B．for C．a(chǎn)s D．to 15．A.How B．Where C．When D．Why 16．A.e across B．deal with C．a(chǎn)dapt to D．think of 17．A.both B．few C．none D．most 18．A.able B．rich C．great D．famous 19．A.taking B．expecting C．offering D．preparing 20．A.because B．though C．before D．so 【解題導(dǎo)語】?jī)蓚€(gè)大學(xué)生本想通過組織一場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)賺取學(xué)費(fèi)，可是音樂會(huì)并不成功，但善良的受邀鋼琴家的大方舉動(dòng)卻給他們解了圍。 1．C　根據(jù)設(shè)空后的He and a friend decided to host a musical concert...可知，他和朋友決定舉辦一場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)以籌集學(xué)費(fèi)，這是他的想法(idea)。故選C項(xiàng)。 2．B　根據(jù)上文中的Not knowing where to turn for money可知，由于學(xué)費(fèi)不夠，他和朋友決定舉辦音樂會(huì)來籌集學(xué)費(fèi)。receive意為“收到”；raise意為“籌集”；borrow意為“借”；donate意為“捐獻(xiàn)”。故選B項(xiàng)。 3．A　reach out to意為“表示對(duì)……感興趣；表示愿意提供援助”；turn out意為“證明是；結(jié)果是”；point out意為“指出”；call out意為“大聲呼叫；呼喊”。根據(jù)第二段可知，他們開音樂會(huì)要邀請(qǐng)著名的鋼琴家，說明他們對(duì)這位鋼琴家有興趣。故選A項(xiàng)。 測(cè)訓(xùn)診斷：本題考生易誤選B項(xiàng)?？忌装裻urn to“求助于”和turn out to“證明是；結(jié)果是”以及reach out to“表示對(duì)……感興趣”混淆。 4．D　根據(jù)設(shè)空后的a guaranteed fee可知，鋼琴家的經(jīng)紀(jì)人要求(demanded)他們付2,000美元的保證金。故選D項(xiàng)。increase意為“增加”；cover意為“覆蓋；遮蔽；包括；報(bào)道”；consider意為“考慮；細(xì)想；認(rèn)為”。 5．B　根據(jù)設(shè)空后的began to work可知，他們之間達(dá)成了協(xié)議。strike a deal意為“達(dá)成協(xié)議”；reject意為“拒絕”；cancel意為“取消”；attract意為“吸引”。故選B項(xiàng)。 6．A　他們達(dá)成了協(xié)議，并且為了音樂會(huì)的成功舉辦，他們開始積極籌備。故選A項(xiàng)。success意為“成功的事”，career意為“職業(yè)；事業(yè)”；background意為“背景；出身”；performance意為“表演；演出；表現(xiàn)”。 7．C　根據(jù)前文可知他們達(dá)成了協(xié)議，再根據(jù)設(shè)空后的had not managed to sell enough tickets可知，他們并沒有賣出足夠的票，這對(duì)他們來說是不幸的。故選C項(xiàng)。 8．C　根據(jù)設(shè)空后的$1,600以及下文的$400可知，此處指他們總的籌款為1,600美元。cost意為“花費(fèi)；成本；代價(jià)”；bill意為“賬單”；collection意為“籌集的錢；收藏品”；allowance意為“津貼；補(bǔ)貼”。 9．D　根據(jù)下文的They promised to honor the check at the ________ possible.可知，因?yàn)樗麄儾]有籌到足夠的錢，所以又寫了400美元的支票作為欠款。故選D項(xiàng)。 10．A　他們承諾盡快(soonest)承兌支票，故選A項(xiàng)。 11．D　根據(jù)空前的Paderewski tore up the check及空后的told the two boys to keep the money they needed for the fees可知，鋼琴家撕毀了支票，并且還把1,600美元還給了(returned)他們讓他們當(dāng)做學(xué)費(fèi)。故選D項(xiàng)。 12．B　根據(jù)上文可知，他們本來是承諾了要給鋼琴家2,000美元，但卻沒有籌夠錢，而鋼琴家又把錢還給了他們，因此，他們非常驚訝(surprised)而且非常感激。故選B項(xiàng)。pleased意為“高興的；快樂的；滿意的”；frightened意為“害怕的”；interested意為“感興趣的”。 13．B　根據(jù)上文可知，鋼琴家沒有要保證金，而且把錢給了兩個(gè)大學(xué)生充當(dāng)學(xué)費(fèi)，因此這是一個(gè)善舉。devotion意為“獻(xiàn)身；貢獻(xiàn)”；kindness意為“善良”；sympathy意為“同情”；teamwork意為“團(tuán)隊(duì)合作”。故選B項(xiàng)。 14．C　鋼琴家的善舉使得他更顯人的偉大之處。mark...out as意為“使……看上去脫穎而出成為……”，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。 15．D　根據(jù)下文可知，每個(gè)人都遇到過幫與不幫別人的問題，由此可推測(cè)，本句應(yīng)是探討幫助別人的原因。故選D項(xiàng)。 16．A　根據(jù)下文And ________ of us only think“If I help them, what will happen to me？”可知，我們都曾遇到過類似的情況。e across意為“偶遇；邂逅”，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。deal with意為“處理；處置”；adapt to意為“適應(yīng)”；think of意為“想起；想到”。 17．D　根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)指我們大多數(shù)，故選D項(xiàng)。 18．C　根據(jù)上句可知，大多數(shù)人是在想幫助別人對(duì)自己的影響，而偉大的人卻想如果不幫助別人對(duì)他人有什么影響。great意為“偉大的”，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。 19．B　根據(jù)上文的“If I dont help them, what will happen to them？”可知，他們是在考慮別人，不求(expecting)回報(bào)。故選B項(xiàng)。 20．A　根據(jù)最后一段可知，偉大的人不求回報(bào)地去幫助別人，他們之所以這么做，是因?yàn)樗麄兏杏X這是正確的事情。因此，設(shè)空處表原因，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故選A項(xiàng)。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．After his death, his children will certainly carry out his career. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out→on　carry on “繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持”。 2．It didnt occur to me he would refuse my invitation. _____________________________________________________ 答案：me后加that　It didnt/doesnt occur to sb. that “某人沒有想到”。 3．If you fail to delivery the goods according to the agreed time, you should be fined. _____________________________________________________ 答案：delivery→deliver　fail to do sth. “沒有做某事”，deliver the goods “送貨”，delivery是名詞。 4．You should refer this matter with our teacher for a decision. _____________________________________________________ 答案：with→to　refer sth. to sb. “把某事交給某人(解決)”。 5．We fear that local students would look down at and bully our children. _____________________________________________________ 答案：at→on/upon　look down on/upon “瞧不起；看不起”。 五、七選五 When high temperatures are around the country，some things also go up.Here are four things expected to rise along with our desire to stay indoors and beat the heat. 1．Sales of goods that keep you cool Malls are high on the list of places where people often go for free air conditioning outside home in summer.__1__ Goods related to keeping cool，like air conditioners，fans or sun care items，are very popular. 2．__2__ Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves，and many agriculture experts are expecting a repeat of last years outbreak that harmed fruit and crops，particularly on the East Coast. 3．Energy bills __3__ With all those air conditioners and fans working，it makes sense that energy bills will be higher than average.__4__ “Not only are people going to have extremely high energy bills for July，it will also put increased stress on power plants，and were going to see more air pollution because of it，” says Angela Fritz. 4．Violence Heat waves may cause violence，right? “Not necessarily，”says Richard Larrick，a researcher.He took a unique look at the relationship between violence and heat through baseball.Larrick and his research team examined 57,294 Major League Baseball games taking place between 1962 and 2017 and found that while heat may increase violence，there always has to be a motive.“__5__ Instead，heat affects a specific form of violence，” he said. A．Air pollution B．Pest population C．Rising heat is the expected response in any summer. D．Heat does not directly lead to more violence in general. E．More and more people are worried about their expenses. F．As more energy is used，air quality problems may occur. G．So its not a surprise that some sales jump during heat waves. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了伴隨高溫天氣會(huì)出現(xiàn)的一些事件。 1．G　空前一句提到購(gòu)物中心是夏天人們外出經(jīng)常去的地方之一，空后一句提到與制冷有關(guān)的商品，如空調(diào)、風(fēng)扇等都很受歡迎，結(jié)合本段小標(biāo)題可知，G項(xiàng)“因此一些(制冷商品的)銷售量在酷暑期猛增就不足為奇了”與此處匹配。 2．B　根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處為本段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)空后的“Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves”可知，本段主要是說害蟲的數(shù)量在酷暑期也會(huì)快速增長(zhǎng)，故B項(xiàng)與此處匹配。 3．E　根據(jù)段落小標(biāo)題Energy bills可知，本段和費(fèi)用有關(guān)，空后又提到(電)風(fēng)扇和空調(diào)的運(yùn)行會(huì)使能源費(fèi)用高于平均水平，故空處應(yīng)講人們對(duì)高溫天氣下使用這些電器的花費(fèi)的擔(dān)憂，所以E項(xiàng)符合語境。 4．F　上文提到能源費(fèi)用增加，下文提到由此會(huì)造成更多的空氣污染。由此可推知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“隨著更多的能源被消耗，空氣質(zhì)量問題可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)”與此處匹配。 5．D　根據(jù)空后一句可知，高溫影響一種特定形式的暴力，且由“Instead”可知，空處與下文呈轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再結(jié)合上文的“Not necessarily”可知，D項(xiàng)“總的來說，高溫不會(huì)直接導(dǎo)致更多的暴力”與此處匹配。