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A taste of English humour 一、閱讀理解 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A new study by the British government has discovered the mental health of the countrys teenage girls has bee worse. the survey，which included 30,000 14yearold students in 2005 and 2014，showed 37 percent of girls with psychological stress，up from 34 percent in 2005.British boys stress level was actually seen to fall over the same time period，from 17 percent to 15 percent. The reports authors pointed out the“advent of the social media age”could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls. “The adolescent years are a time of rapid physical，cognitive(認(rèn)知的)and emotional development，”P(pán)am Ramsden，a lecturer in psychology at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom，wrote in a recent blog post.“Teenagers interact with people in order to learn how to bee petent(有能力的)adults.In the past, they would engage with parents，teachers and other adults in their munity as well as extended family members and friends.Now we can also add social media to that list of social and emotional development.” Throughout adolescence，girls and boys develop characteristics like confidence and selfcontrol.Since teenage brains have not pletely developed，teens dont have the cognitive awareness and impulse(沖動(dòng))control to keep from posting inappropriate content.Furthermore，this content can easily be spread far and wide with disastrous influences. Social media can also feed into girls insecurities about their appearance，Ramsden said.These sites are often filled with images of people with body type unattainable to the normal person.However，these images and the messages tied to them gradually bee societal standards. 1．The statistics in the second paragraph show that ________. A．more and more children in Britain have mental health problems B．few girls in Britain suffered from psychological stress in 2005 C．more boys in Britain are suffering from mental pressure now D．more British girls feel psychologically stressed than boys do now 2．Contrary to traditional ways of interaction，social media ________. A．helps teenagers develop qualities like confidence and selfcontrol B．has many negative effects on girls characteristic development C．makes teens aware of potential danger of the inappropriate content D．teaches girls to care about their appearance to meet societal standards 3．The underlined word“advent”in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by“________”． A．a(chǎn)rrival B．end C．disappearance D．invention 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國(guó)少女的心理健康狀況變得更糟；分析表明，社交媒體時(shí)代的到來(lái)可能是造成英國(guó)少女心理壓力加大的主要因素。 【難句分析】The reports authors pointed out the“advent of the social media age”could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句，句中the“advent of the social media age”could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls為省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句，作動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)pointed out 的賓語(yǔ)。 譯文：報(bào)告的作者指出，“社交媒體時(shí)代的到來(lái)”可能是造成英國(guó)少女心理壓力增加的主要因素。 1．D　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段的第一句可知，調(diào)查顯示，2014年37%的英國(guó)少女有心理壓力，而2005年只有34%；根據(jù)第二段的第二句可知，同期調(diào)查顯示，英國(guó)少年有心理壓力的從2005年的17%降到2014年的15%。據(jù)此可以判斷，英國(guó)少女有心理壓力的比少年多，故D項(xiàng)正確。 2．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“Furthermore，this content can easily be spread far and wide with disastrous influences”和最后一段第一句的“Social media can also feed into girls insecurities about their appearance”可知，由于青少年的思想還不成熟，自控能力有限，社交媒體對(duì)英國(guó)少女的心理健康和她們對(duì)外表美丑的判斷產(chǎn)生了消極的影響。故B項(xiàng)正確。 3．A　考查詞義猜測(cè)。結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容和下文關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)交流方式和社交媒體的比較可知，報(bào)告的作者指出，“社交媒體時(shí)代的到來(lái)”可能是造成英國(guó)少女心理壓力增加的主要因素。據(jù)此可知，畫(huà)線詞意為“到來(lái)”，故A項(xiàng)正確。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2017北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife，________ (range) from butterflies to elephants. 答案：ranging　a large collection of wildlife與range之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞ing形式作后置定語(yǔ)。 2．Shopping is no longer just a necessity; it has bee a form of ________(entertain)． 答案：entertainment　介詞of后接名詞，故填entertainment “娛樂(lè)；娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)”。 3．The news said that the schools in that southwestern area are ________(bad) off for teaching equipment, and even teachers. 答案：badly　be badly off for sth.“缺乏某物”。 4．To everyones ________(astonish), he has won the game. 答案：astonishment　to ones astonishment “使某人吃驚的是”。 5．The villager doesnt want more money—he is content ________what he has. 答案：with　be content with ...“對(duì)……感到滿足”。 6．Sam ________(convince) that his girlfriend loves him. 答案：is convinced　be convinced that ... “確信；相信”。 7．They were ________(wear) out after working in the fields the whole day long. 答案：worn　be worn out “筋疲力盡的”。 8．Up to now, I ________(read) as far as the fifth chapter, the second volume of The War and Peace. 答案：have read　up to now “直到現(xiàn)在”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。 9．The number of senior high school students is increasing, ________is mentioned above. 答案：as　本句中，as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。as is mentioned above “正如上邊所提到的”。 10．The season runs June through August, with additional ________(perform) in March and September. 答案：performances　形容詞additional后應(yīng)接名詞，performance在本句中意為“表演”，是可數(shù)名詞，由空后的介詞短語(yǔ)可知表示多場(chǎng)表演，故填performances。 三、完形填空。 (2018東北三校二模) We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news __1__， and pictures of their babies are __2__ circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not __3__ of itself. The lovely animals have __4__ a classic test of selfawareness. They cannot __5__ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to __6__ whether children or animals have a __7__ of selfawareness. In the test, an animal is presented __8__ a mirror. Researchers then watch to see __9__ it notices a mark on its face, which is only __10__ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often __11__ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old. Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, __12__ of them did the same thing as those animals did. __13__， each panda behaved as if their __14__ in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were __15__ by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking __16__. The __17__ of this research will help design better areas for animals in captivity (圈養(yǎng)). For example, onedirectional glass sometimes used in the areas may __18__ pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the __19__. Thats because they might believe it to be another panda, __20__ themselves. 1．A.papers　　　　　B．covers C．headlines D．pages 2．A.widely B．popularly C．especially D．pletely 3．A.shy B．fond C．conscious D．confident 4．A.failed B．ignored C．faced D．conducted 5．A.observe B．discover C．recognize D．understand 6．A.believe in B．find out C．pick out D．take in 7．A.sense B．question C．opinion D．thought 8．A.for B．with C．in D．before 9．A.how B．when C．why D．whether 10．A.touchable B．seeable C．sensible D．possible 11．A.dismisses B．a(chǎn)dmits C．feels D．moves 12．A.all B．most C．one D．none 13．A.Thus B．However C．Instead D．Still 14．A.reaction B．reflection C．operation D．imagination 15．A.trapped B．a(chǎn)mazed C．threatened D．teased 16．A.backwards B．a(chǎn)lone C．forwards D．a(chǎn)long 17．A.failure B．oute C．success D．review 18．A.cause B．prepare C．a(chǎn)ccelerate D．urge 19．A.eyes B．cages C．zoo D．glass 20．A.other than B．regardless of C．because of D．rather than 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文對(duì)大熊貓、兒童還有其他的動(dòng)物都做了有關(guān)自我意識(shí)感方面的研究，結(jié)果顯示大熊貓的自我認(rèn)知很差，即使照鏡子，它們也認(rèn)不出鏡子里的自己。 1．C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“and know that they are endangered”可推知，當(dāng)一個(gè)大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會(huì)上國(guó)內(nèi)新聞?lì)^條。C項(xiàng)意為“頭條(新聞)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“報(bào)紙”；B項(xiàng)意為“封面”；D項(xiàng)意為“頁(yè)碼”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 2．A　考查副詞辨析。上文提到，當(dāng)一個(gè)大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會(huì)上國(guó)內(nèi)新聞?lì)^條；由此可推知，大熊貓寶寶的照片會(huì)被廣泛傳閱。A項(xiàng)意為“廣泛地”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“流行地”；C項(xiàng)意為“特別地”；D項(xiàng)意為“完全地”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“a classic test of selfawareness”可知，這里指的是現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)大熊貓是沒(méi)有自我意識(shí)的。C項(xiàng)意為“有意識(shí)的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“害羞的”；B項(xiàng)意為“喜歡的”；D項(xiàng)意為“自信的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 4．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“They cannot... have a ________ of selfawareness.”可知，可愛(ài)的大熊貓沒(méi)有通過(guò)這種經(jīng)典的自我意識(shí)測(cè)試。A項(xiàng)意為“失敗”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“忽視”；C項(xiàng)意為“面對(duì)”；D項(xiàng)意為“指揮，引導(dǎo)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 5．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的“Researchers use the mirror recognition...”可知，此處指大熊貓認(rèn)不出鏡子中的自己。C項(xiàng)意為“辨認(rèn)出”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“觀察”；B項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“理解”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 6．B　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或動(dòng)物是否有自我認(rèn)知。B項(xiàng)意為“找到，弄清楚”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“相信，信任”；C項(xiàng)意為“挑選出”；D項(xiàng)意為“吸收，欺騙”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 7．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指自我認(rèn)知，是一種感覺(jué)。A項(xiàng)意為“感覺(jué)”，a sense of為固定搭配，意為“一種……感”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“問(wèn)題”；C項(xiàng)意為“觀點(diǎn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“想法”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 8．B　考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，動(dòng)物在鏡子中呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。表示使用某種工具，應(yīng)用介詞with。 9．D　考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指研究者想觀察大熊貓是否能注意到它臉上的記號(hào)。故選D項(xiàng)。 10．B　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在自己臉上的標(biāo)記，只有在鏡子中才能看到。B項(xiàng)意為“可見(jiàn)的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“可觸摸的”；C項(xiàng)意為“可覺(jué)察的”；D項(xiàng)意為“可能的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 11．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的“Many other animals have passed the mirror test”可知，此處指如果動(dòng)物注意到臉上的標(biāo)記，它會(huì)感受到這個(gè)標(biāo)記的。C項(xiàng)意為“感受，感覺(jué)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“解雇，解散”；B項(xiàng)意為“承認(rèn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“移動(dòng)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 12．D　考查代詞辨析。根據(jù)上文及轉(zhuǎn)折詞“but”可知，此處指沒(méi)有一只大熊貓像其他動(dòng)物一樣能感受到臉上的標(biāo)記。故選D項(xiàng)。 13．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指“相反，每一只大熊貓表現(xiàn)得就像鏡子里的影像是其他大熊貓”。C項(xiàng)意為“代替，而不是”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“因此”；B項(xiàng)意為“然而”；D項(xiàng)意為“仍然”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 14．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，鏡子中應(yīng)是映照出的影像。B項(xiàng)意為“映像，倒影”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“反應(yīng)”；C項(xiàng)意為“操作，手術(shù)”；D項(xiàng)意為“想象”。均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 15．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中熊貓的反應(yīng)可知，熊貓表現(xiàn)出好像受到鏡子中“自己”的威脅。C項(xiàng)意為“威脅”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“使陷入困境，卡住”；B項(xiàng)意為“使驚訝”；D項(xiàng)意為“取笑，戲弄”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 16．A　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，害怕會(huì)向后退。A項(xiàng)意為“向后”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“獨(dú)自地”；C項(xiàng)意為“向前”；D項(xiàng)意為“一起，沿著”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 17．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指研究的結(jié)果。B項(xiàng)意為“結(jié)果”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“失敗”；C項(xiàng)意為“成功”；D項(xiàng)意為“復(fù)習(xí)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 18．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處指可以成像的玻璃會(huì)讓大熊貓感到有壓力。cause sb. to do sth. 意為“導(dǎo)致某人做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備”；C項(xiàng)意為“加速”；D項(xiàng)意為“督促”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 19．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“onedirectional glass”可知，glass符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。 20．D　考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處指這就是因?yàn)榇笮茇埾嘈喷R子里是別的大熊貓而不是自己。D項(xiàng)意為“而不是”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“除了”；B項(xiàng)意為“不管”；C項(xiàng)意為“因?yàn)椤?，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選D項(xiàng)。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Perhaps you can help me pick up a pair of jeans now, since you are an expert. _____________________________________________________ 答案：up→out　pick out “挑選”。 2．She stood outside the station, looking at all directions, but apparently no one had e to meet her. _____________________________________________________ 答案：at→in　in all directions “朝/向四面八方”。 3．With the electricity being cut off, all the machines had to stop working. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉being　cut off與electricity存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作已完成。 4．Occasions are quite rare that I have time to spend a day with my kids. _____________________________________________________ 答案：that→when　此處occasions意為“時(shí)機(jī)；時(shí)候”，在本句中為先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表時(shí)間。故用when引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 5．Being too particular with what you wear is not a good habit. _____________________________________________________ 答案：with→about/over　be particular about/over “對(duì)……挑剔/講究”。 五、七選五 Top Ways to Spend the Holiday Season with Pets Taking a nap is a great way to refresh during the holidays，and a nap with your dog or cat(or both)is an excellent bonding opportunity. Holiday time is here.The decorating，the shopping，the cooking，the cleaning，the wrapping...__1__ In the seasons craziness our furry family members tend to get ignored or overstimulated(過(guò)度刺激的)．__2__ But they dont have to：be sure to pay attention and give them a break from the activity when they need it and add them to the fun when they dont. ●Rest time. If your pet seems stressed，have a safe place for him away from activity.Cats should have a quiet，cozy spot to sleep with food，water，and their litter box.__3__ Be sure to have a soft area for sleep，a toy or two，water，and some food.But you might need a nap，too，to refresh for holiday festivities.So use this time to take one together. ●__4__ Many Christmas tree farms wele pets on a leash(皮帶)．Your pet will just love being with you outdoors while you share one of the seasons most honored traditions—picking out the perfect tree.Just be sure to call the farm first to confirm that pets are wele...and you have a new annual tradition. ●Go have a catch. Give your pup a good run and wear him out ahead of when pany visits.__5__ This way，hell be happy and relaxed when greeting guests.Dog parks are ideal as pups can run，chase tennis balls，and socialize with others.Always remember to walk to and from the park with your pup on a leash and poop bags in hand. A．Keep pets on a leash. B．Dogs love playing catch. C．Dogs might also need one. D．But where do our pets fit in? E．Pick out the family Christmas tree. F．As a result，pets can experience restlessness and anxiety. G．Many pets would love to be included in some of the activities. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。如何在假期和寵物一起度過(guò)一段美好時(shí)光？作者給我們提出了幾條建議。 難句分析：Your pet will just love being with you outdoors while you share one of the seasons most honored traditions—picking out the perfect tree.(倒數(shù)第二段第二句) 譯文：當(dāng)你與你的寵物分享這個(gè)節(jié)日中最神圣的傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng)——挑選圣誕樹(shù)時(shí)，它是非常樂(lè)意與你外出的。 1．D　根據(jù)空格前面“The decorating，the shopping, the cooking, the cleaning，the wrapping...”可知，我們通常在假期會(huì)把時(shí)間花在裝飾、購(gòu)物、烹飪、打掃等事情上，D項(xiàng)表示“但我們把寵物置于何地？”與上文銜接緊湊，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。 2．F　根據(jù)上句“In the seasons craziness, our furry family members tend to get ignored or overstimulated(過(guò)度刺激的)．”可知，此處應(yīng)選F項(xiàng)，指“這樣的話，寵物可能休息不好或焦慮”，與上句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。 3．C　根據(jù)上句“Cats should have a quiet, cozy spot to sleep with food，water，and their little box.”及下句“Be sure to have a soft area for sleep，a toy or two，water，and some food.”可知，此處指寵物和人都需要有舒適的地方來(lái)休息。故C項(xiàng)“狗也需要一個(gè)這樣的地方”能夠承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。 4．E　文章倒數(shù)第二段主要介紹了作者建議我們帶著寵物去挑選圣誕樹(shù)。故E項(xiàng)“挑選家庭圣誕樹(shù)”符合題意，適合做本段標(biāo)題。故選E項(xiàng)。 5．B　根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞“catch”和空格處后的“This way，hell be happy and relaxed when greeting guests.”可知，B項(xiàng)“狗喜歡玩接球”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。