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Unit 1 Laughter is good for you 一、閱讀理解。 After a year of examining studies concerning whether homework is effective, NYC P.S. 116 elementary school decided that math worksheets and essay assignments were actually a waste of time. In February, Principal Jane Hsu sent a letter to parents stating that the Pre-K through fifth grade students would not be given any traditional homework to encourage kids to have free time for reading, playing outside, or doing activities they enjoy. "The negative effects of homework have been well established," Hsu wrote in a note to parents. "They include: children’s frustration and exhaustion, lack of time for other activities and family time and, sadly for many, loss of interest in learning." Some parents, however, disagree with the policy change, believing that a lack of focus will cause children to fall behind. Homework has been part of education from the beginning, and has increased in volume in recent years. Hsu’s advice that children should read and spend time with their families has upset some parents to the point of considering pulling their children out of P.S. 116. This group feels that homework assignments give children a goal to work toward. Others feel so strongly about the importance of homework that they have begun giving their own homework assignments to their children. An Australian Childhood Foundation survey found that 71% of Australian parents feel they do not spend enough quality time with their children mainly because of the time spent running the household or the time spent helping with homework. Education experts in Australia are saying that parents should stop helping. Doing so will give kids more independence, will give parents more free time, and will help reduce the number of homework-induced arguments in the family. While some research suggests that homework has little academic benefit for elementary students, other research shows homework can help kids develop independence, and confidence. It can also contribute to a sense of belonging or control over their lives. When parents try to help their children with homework, the assistance can take away that feeling and can also drain already exhausted working parents. 1.Cancelling traditional homework is aimed at __________. A. allowing students to learn on their own B. inspiring students to spend more time with parents C. wishing students to seek self-development D. motivating students to help with housework 2.What can be concluded from the 1st and 2nd paragraph? A. Jane Hsu is the first principal to cancel homework. B. Jane Hsu has done thorough research on homework. C. Jane Hsu paid little attention to students’ academic records. D. Jane Hsu knows students prefer activities to their subjects. 3.Why are some parents strongly against Principal Jane Hsu? A. They have no time to give their children homework. B. They don’t think the school is responsible for their kids. C. They are afraid their kids will fall behind. D. They dislike their kids doing too many activities. 4.What is the author’s attitude to parents’ helping kids with homework? A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Ironic. D. Negative. 【文章大意】這是一篇議論文，文章對(duì)是否應(yīng)該給小學(xué)生布置家庭作業(yè)進(jìn)行了論述。 1.C 【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第一段末尾的"...to encourage kids to have free time for reading, playing outside, or doing activities they enjoy"可知，這所學(xué)校取消數(shù)學(xué)和作文這類家庭作業(yè)是為了讓孩子們有更多的時(shí)間讀書，在戶外玩?；蛘邊⒓幼约合矚g的活動(dòng)，由此可推知這個(gè)學(xué)校希望學(xué)生們尋求自我發(fā)展。 2.B 【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"After a year of examining studies concerning whether homework is effective"以及第二段的內(nèi)容可知，校長(zhǎng)對(duì)此做了全面的調(diào)查。 4.D 【解析】考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。依據(jù)文章尾段中的"When parents try to help their children with homework, the assistance can take away that feeling and can also drain already exhausted working parents"可推知，對(duì)于家長(zhǎng)在作業(yè)上幫助孩子的問題，作者持有否定的看法。 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1._______ get such a book? A. Where do you think can I B. Do you think where can I C. Do you think when I can D. Where do you think I can 【答案】D 【解析】do you think 是一般疑問句，為插入語，整個(gè)句子構(gòu)成了混合疑問句。謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述句語序。正確答案是 D。句意：你認(rèn)為在哪兒我才能買到這樣一本書？ 2. I was late for the appointment. That’s _______ I met with an old friend on the way. A. that B. because C. where D. why 【答案】B 【解析】because 引導(dǎo)表語從句說明原因。句意：我約會(huì)遲到了，因?yàn)槲以诼飞吓龅揭晃焕吓笥?我約會(huì)遲到了，那是因?yàn)槲以诼飞吓龅揭晃焕吓笥训木壒?。 3.I’d appreciate _______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will e. A. it B. you C. one D. this 【答案】A 【解析】本句句式：I would appreciate it if/when…如果……我感激不盡……；句意：如果你能提前讓我知道你是否回來我將感激不盡。 4.—What does Nicky’s job involve as a public relations director? —_______ quite a lot of time with other people. A. Spending B. Having spent C. To spend D. To have spent 【答案】A 【解析】原句：Nicky’s job as a public relations director involves spending quite a lot of time with other people.題干是對(duì)“spending quite a lot of time with other people(妮基作為公共關(guān)系主管，需要花很多時(shí)間與別人打交道)”的提問。句意： “作為公共關(guān)系主管，妮基的工作是什么？” “要花很多時(shí)間與別人打交道?！? 5.As far as I know, it was the car accident due to drunk driving that led to _______. A. him to be killed B. kill him C. him having killed D. his being killed 【答案】D 【解析】lead to 意為“導(dǎo)致” ，其中 to 是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞-ing 形式；his 與 being killed 一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞-ing 形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞 to 的賓語。句意：據(jù)我所知，是那次酒后駕駛引發(fā)的車禍致使他死亡。 6.I’m considering _______ a teacher after graduation because a teacher is often considered _______ the engineer of human souls. A. to bee, to be B. to bee, being C. being, being D. being, to be 【答案】D 【解析】考查 consider 的用法。當(dāng) consider 作“考慮”講時(shí)，后跟 doing sth.；be considered to be 意為“被認(rèn)為是”。句意：我在考慮畢業(yè)后當(dāng)老師，因?yàn)槔蠋煶１徽J(rèn)為是人類靈魂的工程師。 7.You are so dependent that I’m afraid you can’t adjust yourself to _______ alone for a time. A. leave B. leaving C. be left D. being left 【答案】D 【解析】句意：你太依賴別人了，留下你一個(gè)人呆上一段時(shí)間，恐怕你就適應(yīng)不了。adjust ...oneself to ...中 to 是介詞，故后面跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語；you 與 leave alone 之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 8.Today we have too many choices of munication through advanced technology, but we seem _______ the joy of municating face to face. A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost 【答案】B 【解析】seem to do sth.好像要做某事。因動(dòng)作不斷地在進(jìn)行，故用動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行式。句意：今天通過先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，有太多的交流方式供我們選擇，但我們看上去正在失去面對(duì)面交流的樂趣。 9.It is reported that those who were caught _______ in the NMET in Jilin Province will be punished. A. cheating B. cheated C. to cheat D. cheat 【答案】A 【解析】catch sb. doing sth“碰到某人做某事，抓到某人做某事”。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，在吉林省高考中那些作弊的人將受到懲罰。 10.—Do you have anything more _______,sir? —Yes. I need this file to be typed and printed as soon as possible. A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type 【答案】B 【解析】在 have＋n.＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)句中主語與其后面的不定式具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式，如“I have some clothes to wash.”中的 to wash 就是由該句主語“I”來完成的；但當(dāng)句中主語與不定式的邏輯主語不一致時(shí)，不定式用被動(dòng)形式。根據(jù)答語的第二句可知，句中 to type 的動(dòng)作不是由句子主語 you 來完成的。而是由第一個(gè)說話者來完成的，故應(yīng)用其被動(dòng)形式 to be typed。 句意： “先生你還有什么需要打字的？” “有。我需要將這個(gè)文件盡快地打印出來。 ” 11.Operate the electrical appliance following the _______ attached in the box, or you’ll be at risk. A. instructions B. Explanations C. introductions D. descriptions 【答案】A 【解析】句意：按照盒子里的說明書操作電動(dòng)設(shè)備，否則，你會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)。instructions“說明書，指南” ，符合句意。explanation 說明，解釋；introduction 介紹，引進(jìn)；description 描寫，敘述。 12.It is beyond awkward when everyone around you _______ laughing at a joke that you do not find funny, especially if it’s a joke told in a foreign language. A. breaks into B. bursts out C. yells out D. falls into 【答案】B 【解析】break into 打斷，闖入；burst out 迸發(fā)，大聲喊叫，突然發(fā)生；yell out 喊出；fall into 掉進(jìn)，陷入。 句意：世間最尷尬的事莫過于周圍的人都被段子(笑話)逗得哄堂大笑，只有你還沒發(fā)現(xiàn)笑點(diǎn)。特別這段子是用外語講的，那么尷尬值增加一萬點(diǎn)。 13.Mary couldn’t _______ the terrible working conditions in that factory and resigned last week. A. catch up with B. keep up with C. put up with D. e up with 【答案】C 【解析】catch up with 趕上；keep up with 跟上；put up with 容忍，忍受；e up with 想出，提出。句意： 瑪麗不能夠忍受那家工廠糟糕的工作條件，上個(gè)周辭職了。 14.To get promoted, I must _______ my colleagues, who are mitted to their jobs. A. take after B. take to C. take in D. take on 【答案】A 【解析】take after 長(zhǎng)得像，性格類似于，效仿；take to 喜歡上，沉溺于；take in 吸收，理解，欺騙；take on雇用，呈現(xiàn)。句意：為了獲得晉升，我要效仿我的同事們，他們工作非常努力。 15.In many cities of China, if an ambulance is _______ in a traffic jam, police will respond to the emergency. A. held up B. held back C. held down D. held out 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在中國(guó)的很多城市，如果因?yàn)榻煌ǘ氯咕茸o(hù)車耽擱了，警察要對(duì)這種緊急情況做出反應(yīng)的。hold up 舉起，支撐，耽擱，延誤；hold back 忍住，阻止，退縮，儲(chǔ)備；hold down 壓制，限制，保??；hold out 伸出，堅(jiān)持要求。這里指救護(hù)車堵在路上而延誤救人的最佳時(shí)間，故選 A。 三、完形填空。 We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news __1__， and pictures of their babies are __2__ circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not __3__ of itself. The lovely animals have __4__ a classic test of selfawareness. They cannot __5__ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to __6__ whether children or animals have a __7__ of selfawareness. In the test, an animal is presented __8__ a mirror. Researchers then watch to see __9__ it notices a mark on its face, which is only __10__ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often __11__ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old. Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, __12__ of them did the same thing as those animals did. __13__， each panda behaved as if their __14__ in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were __15__ by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking __16__. The __17__ of this research will help design better areas for animals in captivity (圈養(yǎng)). For example, onedirectional glass sometimes used in the areas may __18__ pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the __19__. Thats because they might believe it to be another panda, __20__ themselves. 1．A.papers　　　　　B．covers C．headlines D．pages 2．A.widely B．popularly C．especially D．pletely 3．A.shy B．fond C．conscious D．confident 4．A.failed B．ignored C．faced D．conducted 5．A.observe B．discover C．recognize D．understand 6．A.believe in B．find out C．pick out D．take in 7．A.sense B．question C．opinion D．thought 8．A.for B．with C．in D．before 9．A.how B．when C．why D．whether 10．A.touchable B．seeable C．sensible D．possible 11．A.dismisses B．a(chǎn)dmits C．feels D．moves 12．A.all B．most C．one D．none 13．A.Thus B．However C．Instead D．Still 14．A.reaction B．reflection C．operation D．imagination 15．A.trapped B．a(chǎn)mazed C．threatened D．teased 16．A.backwards B．a(chǎn)lone C．forwards D．a(chǎn)long 17．A.failure B．oute C．success D．review 18．A.cause B．prepare C．a(chǎn)ccelerate D．urge 19．A.eyes B．cages C．zoo D．glass 20．A.other than B．regardless of C．because of D．rather than 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文對(duì)大熊貓、兒童還有其他的動(dòng)物都做了有關(guān)自我意識(shí)感方面的研究，結(jié)果顯示大熊貓的自我認(rèn)知很差，即使照鏡子，它們也認(rèn)不出鏡子里的自己。 1．C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“and know that they are endangered”可推知，當(dāng)一個(gè)大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會(huì)上國(guó)內(nèi)新聞?lì)^條。C項(xiàng)意為“頭條(新聞)”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“報(bào)紙”；B項(xiàng)意為“封面”；D項(xiàng)意為“頁碼”，均與語境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 2．A　考查副詞辨析。上文提到，當(dāng)一個(gè)大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會(huì)上國(guó)內(nèi)新聞?lì)^條；由此可推知，大熊貓寶寶的照片會(huì)被廣泛傳閱。A項(xiàng)意為“廣泛地”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“流行地”；C項(xiàng)意為“特別地”；D項(xiàng)意為“完全地”，均與語境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“a classic test of selfawareness”可知，這里指的是現(xiàn)在看起來大熊貓是沒有自我意識(shí)的。C項(xiàng)意為“有意識(shí)的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“害羞的”；B項(xiàng)意為“喜歡的”；D項(xiàng)意為“自信的”，均與語境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 4．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“They cannot... have a ________ of selfawareness.”可知，可愛的大熊貓沒有通過這種經(jīng)典的自我意識(shí)測(cè)試。A項(xiàng)意為“失敗”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“忽視”；C項(xiàng)意為“面對(duì)”；D項(xiàng)意為“指揮，引導(dǎo)”，均與語境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 5．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的“Researchers use the mirror recognition...”可知，此處指大熊貓認(rèn)不出鏡子中的自己。C項(xiàng)意為“辨認(rèn)出”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“觀察”；B項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“理解”，均與語境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 6．B　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或動(dòng)物是否有自我認(rèn)知。B項(xiàng)意為“找到，弄清楚”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“相信，信任”；C項(xiàng)意為“挑選出”；D項(xiàng)意為“吸收，欺騙”，均與語境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 7．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指自我認(rèn)知，是一種感覺。A項(xiàng)意為“感覺”，a sense of為固定搭配，意為“一種……感”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“問題”；C項(xiàng)意為“觀點(diǎn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“想法”，均與語境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 8．B　考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，動(dòng)物在鏡子中呈現(xiàn)出來。表示使用某種工具，應(yīng)用介詞with。 9．D　考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指研究者想觀察大熊貓是否能注意到它臉上的記號(hào)。故選D項(xiàng)。 10．B　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在自己臉上的標(biāo)記，只有在鏡子中才能看到。B項(xiàng)意為“可見的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“可觸摸的”；C項(xiàng)意為“可覺察的”；D項(xiàng)意為“可能的”，均與語境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 11．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的“Many other animals have passed the mirror test”可知，此處指如果動(dòng)物注意到臉上的標(biāo)記，它會(huì)感受到這個(gè)標(biāo)記的。C項(xiàng)意為“感受，感覺”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“解雇，解散”；B項(xiàng)意為“承認(rèn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“移動(dòng)”，均與語境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 12．D　考查代詞辨析。根據(jù)上文及轉(zhuǎn)折詞“but”可知，此處指沒有一只大熊貓像其他動(dòng)物一樣能感受到臉上的標(biāo)記。故選D項(xiàng)。 13．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指“相反，每一只大熊貓表現(xiàn)得就像鏡子里的影像是其他大熊貓”。C項(xiàng)意為“代替，而不是”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“因此”；B項(xiàng)意為“然而”；D項(xiàng)意為“仍然”，均與語境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 14．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，鏡子中應(yīng)是映照出的影像。B項(xiàng)意為“映像，倒影”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“反應(yīng)”；C項(xiàng)意為“操作，手術(shù)”；D項(xiàng)意為“想象”。均與語境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 15．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中熊貓的反應(yīng)可知，熊貓表現(xiàn)出好像受到鏡子中“自己”的威脅。C項(xiàng)意為“威脅”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“使陷入困境，卡住”；B項(xiàng)意為“使驚訝”；D項(xiàng)意為“取笑，戲弄”，均與語境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 16．A　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，害怕會(huì)向后退。A項(xiàng)意為“向后”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“獨(dú)自地”；C項(xiàng)意為“向前”；D項(xiàng)意為“一起，沿著”，均與語境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 17．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指研究的結(jié)果。B項(xiàng)意為“結(jié)果”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“失敗”；C項(xiàng)意為“成功”；D項(xiàng)意為“復(fù)習(xí)”，均與語境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 18．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由語境可知，此處指可以成像的玻璃會(huì)讓大熊貓感到有壓力。cause sb. to do sth. 意為“導(dǎo)致某人做某事”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備”；C項(xiàng)意為“加速”；D項(xiàng)意為“督促”，均與語境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 19．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“onedirectional glass”可知，glass符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。 20．D　考查介詞短語辨析。由語境可知，此處指這就是因?yàn)榇笮茇埾嘈喷R子里是別的大熊貓而不是自己。D項(xiàng)意為“而不是”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“除了”；B項(xiàng)意為“不管”；C項(xiàng)意為“因?yàn)椤?，均與語境不符。故選D項(xiàng)。 四、七選五。 Ways to get rid of jealousy Jealousy is like a poison. It is difficult to avoid such moments in life. Sometimes, this feeling es from the sensation of envy that we tend to experience when we notice others ＂better＂ lives, appearances, successes, and so on. 　1 　. It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction. Here are some tips to help get rid of jealousy. Be confident. Not all of us are born with confidence. It takes years of practice to find self-assurance. Follow the ‘fake it till you makes it’s method. 　 2 　Day by day, confidence forms. If you feel confident in yourself, you are less likely to feel inferior to others. Don’t pare yourself. parison is the most significant aspect of jealousy. If you are able to avoid paring yourself to others, you will experience a new-found sense of freedom. A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection. 　 3 　We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure. 　 4 　 When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well puts your life into perspective, which is always a plus! A positive spin can be placed on almost anything that you may see as a negative event. There is always a way to find a positive angle. Make a healthy change. Most of us wish to change, especially faced with something that we are forced to accept. However, most of the things that people tend to feel jealous about can in fact change in a healthy way. If you feel jealous of someone else’s acplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it. 　 5 　 A. Act positively. B. Think positively. C. Jealousy is like a snake. D. Jealousy has the potential to kill happiness . E. Use the feelings of jealousy as motivation to improve yourself. F. If you take it as a part of your routine, it will gradually bee natural to you. G. Use your weakness as a learning experience, rather than as a chance to make you feel bad. 【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了嫉妒對(duì)人們的危害，并給人們提出了擺脫嫉妒的三點(diǎn)建議。 1.D 【解析】根據(jù)前文的＂Jealousy is like a poison.＂及空后的＂It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction.＂可知嫉妒就像毒藥，它會(huì)毀掉關(guān)系、友誼和滿足感，故此處應(yīng)指嫉妒有扼殺幸福的潛在力量。故選D。 3.G 【解析】根據(jù)前文的＂A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection.＂（通過重視不完美是一個(gè)很好的方法）及空后＂We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure.＂（整個(gè)一生中，我們都在不斷地成長(zhǎng)和改進(jìn)，這也正是失敗的價(jià)值所在。）可知此處應(yīng)指我們應(yīng)該把我們的不足當(dāng)成一種學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷，而不是讓它成為讓我們感覺糟糕的因素。故選G。 4.B 【解析】根據(jù)段落中的＂When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well…＂（當(dāng)你感覺郁悶時(shí)，讓自己想一想自己身上積極的品質(zhì)?；貞浺幌履闵瞄L(zhǎng)的事情……）可知，本段的主題應(yīng)是思想要積極。故選B。 5.E 【解析】根據(jù)前文的＂If you feel jealous of someone else’s acplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it.＂（如果你對(duì)別人的成績(jī)感到嫉妒時(shí)，要把它作為更加努力地工作去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己目標(biāo)的動(dòng)力。只要記住，如果你想要的改變是健康的，那就去做它。）可知，此處應(yīng)指我們應(yīng)該把嫉妒感當(dāng)成自我發(fā)展的動(dòng)力。故選E。