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Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note 一、閱讀理解。 Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler (學(xué)步的兒童) years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered. While most children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found those who had “callous unemotional (冷漠無情的) characteristics” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behavior characteristics such as a lack of sympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years on. Luke Hyde, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, said, “These are signs for parents and doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos.” He said, “Parents both take care of their child and provide their child’s genes so it’s been difficult to know if we’re seeing that parenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.” The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the development of antisocial behavior. Scientists looked at 561 families in an adoption study that examined biological mothers’ antisocial behavior. The scientists found children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the same behavior characteristics, despite having limited or no touch with them as they were adopted as babies. “The really exciting take-home message from this study is that small, day-to-day positive interactions (互動) that parents have with their young children can make a huge difference in children’s development,’’ said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Oregon who co-led the data collection. “Even when children have inherited (遺傳) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems ing from their inherited difficulties,” he added. The study, worked on by scientists from the University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University of Oregon has been published in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. 1.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Kids’ social behaviors are related to crime. B. Criminals begin their crimes during adolescence. C. Antisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime. D. Warmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future. 2.What conclusion might the scientists draw from the study? A. Antisocial behaviors might be inherited. B. The genes decide kids’ antisocial behaviors. C. Antisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes. D. Adopted babies surely have antisocial behaviors when they grow up. 3.What can be inferred from the passage? A. Parenting is the main reason that causes kids’ antisocial behaviors. B. What causes career criminals to begin their crimes is their parents’ characteristics. C. Leslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers’ active interactions with kids. D. Inherited antisocial behaviors of kids can be lightened by positive parenting. 4.Why will researchers track kids’ process of growing? A. To make sure if kids’ behaviors will last. B. To make sure if praise will change kids. C. To determine if kids’ behaviors will be inherited. D. To determine if parents’ fort will protect kids. 【文章大意】研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子的反社會行為有可能使他們走向犯罪的道路，積極的育兒方式可以減輕孩子的反社會行為。 1.C 【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是第一段中的“Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered.”可知，本文主要介紹了孩子們的反社會行為有可能使他們走向犯罪的道路，故C項(xiàng)正確。 3.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Even when children have inherited (遺傳) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems ing from their inherited difficulties”可知，積極的育兒教育可以減輕孩子遺傳的反社會行為，故D項(xiàng)正確。 4.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. ”可知，研究人員追蹤孩子的成長過程是為了弄清楚孩子的反社會行為是否會持續(xù)下去，故A項(xiàng)正確。 二、單句語法填空 1．(2017北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing ________ she was heading. 答案：where　根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)填關(guān)系副詞where，作賓語從句的連接詞，表示“不知道前往何處”。 2．(2017天津高考)I ________(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 答案：was driving　be doing... when... 是固定句式，表示“正在做……這時(shí)……”，從句用的是一般過去時(shí)，主句也應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，且表示動作正在進(jìn)行，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 3．Today I will introduce Charles Dickens to you, the great nineteenth century English ________(novel)． 答案：novelist　novelist名詞“小說家”。 4．The rules of the school do not permit ________(park) near the school gate. 答案：parking　permit doing sth. “允許做某事”。 5．We tried ________(seek) an answer to the question, but couldnt find one. 答案：to seek　try to seek sth. “努力去尋找某物”。 6．The best way to experience hutong life is simply ________(wander) around the alleys, either on foot or by bicycle. 答案：to wander　不定式短語，在本句中作表語，說明主語的具體內(nèi)容。 7．It is very important to teach their children how to deal with others kindness and ________(rude)． 答案：rudeness　由“kindness and”可知應(yīng)用所給詞的名詞形式rudeness。 8．She lay on the grass, staring at the sky ________(spot) with stars. 答案：spotted　be spotted with “布滿著……”，此處應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作后置定語。 9．The reason why he asked for two days leave is ________he had to take care of his sick son. 答案：that 10．The results are quite contrary ________my expectations, and its really frustrating. 答案：to　be contrary to “與……正好相反”。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 When my kids were small，I started a tradition in our house of giving eight gifts over the course of the eight days of Hanukkah(光明節(jié))．I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night and giving my children a gift to unwrap to __2__.It was easy to go into a toy store and pick up something __3__ less than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)．My children didnt ask for anything much in particular and they __4__ whatever they got. As the years progressed，I __5__ the tradition of eight gifts for each night of Hanukkah. But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else.My specialneeds son decided that he wanted to __7__ a puter，and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it.When I wouldnt __8__ that，he decided he wanted a P1ayStation.Then Amazon gift cards.Then money.And when it became clear that it wasnt going to happen，he got __9__. I keep __10__ him that Hanukkah isnt about greed or materialism.Its about the miracle of an oil lamp that __11__ for eight days.Its about being __12__ of our heritage.Its about freedom. But he __13__.I know deep down that his obsessions(迷戀的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitely out of mine.Having a specialneeds child is as __15__ as it gets.Some days are better than others and not all holidays __16__ the way I hope.But despite his unrealistic requests，hes a(n) __17__ child who is showing me the true meaning of life. And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time，I wele his differences __19__ I learn how to turn negative requests into __20__ ones. 1．A.buying　　　B．donating C．lighting D．drawing 2．A.celebrate B．present C．send D．play 3．A.at B．for C．in D．from 4．A.ate B．threw C．liked D．drank 5．A.held up B．gave in C．handed in D．kept up 6．A.made B．became C．found D．designed 7．A.build B．buy C．use D．watch 8．A.rely on B．learn from C．a(chǎn)gree to D．dream about 9．A.calm B．happy C．selfish D．upset 10．A.telling B．warning C．promising D．a(chǎn)ccusing 11．A.lays B．hangs C．waits D．burns 12．A.tired B．proud C．a(chǎn)fraid D．lack 13．A.nodded B．slept C．insisted D．failed 14．A.mind B．sight C．control D．place 15．A.wonderful B．dangerous C．interesting D．challenging 16．A.run out B．break down C．work out D．put down 17．A.strange B．a(chǎn)mazing C．bad D．energetic 18．A.candles B．lamps C．torches D．lanterns 19．A.when B．a(chǎn)s C．unless D．until 20．A.relative B．possible C．reasonable D．positive 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者一家過光明節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)、變化及作者的應(yīng)對策略和反思。 【核心詞匯】greed n．貪婪　materialism n．物質(zhì)主義　miracle n．奇跡 1．C　根據(jù)下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__approaching the time”可知，此處指點(diǎn)蠟燭。 2．A　根據(jù)上文的“Hanukkah(光明節(jié))”可推知，節(jié)日是用來慶祝的。 3．B　根據(jù)語境“l(fā)ess than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)”可推知，此處表示東西的價(jià)格，故用介詞for。 4．C　結(jié)合語境“My children didnt ask for anything much in particular”可推知，孩子們并不挑剔，很喜歡拿到的禮物。 5．D　結(jié)合下文的轉(zhuǎn)折“But this year, Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My specialneeds son”可推知，作者保持那個(gè)傳統(tǒng)很多年。 6．B　根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折“But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My specialneeds son”可推知，今年有些不同，有了新變化。 7．A　根據(jù)語境“and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it”可推知，兒子要組建一臺電腦，要作者去買零配件。 8．C　根據(jù)下文的“And when it became clear that it wasnt going to happen, he got __9__ ”可推知，作者沒同意兒子的要求，兒子就有了其他更多的要求。agree to“同意”。 9．D　很明顯，作者沒同意兒子的要求，兒子感到難過。upset“難過”。 10．A　很明顯，作者在不斷地給兒子講道理，說明節(jié)日的意義。 11．D　根據(jù)下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time”可推知，D項(xiàng)burn“燃燒，發(fā)亮”符合語境。 12．B　固定搭配be proud of意為“以……為傲，為……而自豪”，符合語境。 13．C　根據(jù)下文的“I know deep down that his obsessions(迷戀的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitely out of mine”可推知，兒子不為所動，堅(jiān)持自己的要求。 14．C　根據(jù)“obsessions(迷戀的物)”可推知，兒子陷入迷戀的事物之中，已經(jīng)失控。out of control“失控”。 15．D　很明顯，作者應(yīng)對有特殊需求的兒子有些棘手。challenging “挑戰(zhàn)性的”。 16．C　根據(jù)“the way I hope”可知，有些事情并不像作者希望的那樣發(fā)展。work out“成功地發(fā)展”。 17．B　根據(jù)語境“who is showing me the true meaning of life”可推知，此處的語氣表示肯定、贊賞，故選B。 amazing“了不起的”。 18．A　根據(jù)上文的“I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night”可知，節(jié)日期間作者一家點(diǎn)蠟燭慶祝。 19．B　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，故選B。as“因?yàn)椤薄? 20．D　與語境中的“negative”形成對比可知，此處表示把負(fù)面要求變成積極要求。positive“積極的”。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．We finally reached what the temple stood. _____________________________________________________ 答案：what→where　本句中的stood意為“(某物)處于某一位置”，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where連接賓語從句。 2．The telephone is ringing. Answer it to see whoever is calling. _____________________________________________________ 答案：whoever→who　whoever “無論誰”，可引導(dǎo)主語從句或讓步狀語從句，不可引導(dǎo)賓語從句。本句中，應(yīng)用作主語，且表示“誰”的關(guān)系代詞who連接賓語從句，故改whoever為who。 3．After the traffic accident happened, the police were at the scene at once. _____________________________________________________ 答案：第一個(gè)at→on　on the scene “在現(xiàn)場”。 4．After the rain stopped, they went ahead their work of digging up the street. _____________________________________________________ 答案：ahead后加with　go ahead with sth. “(停留一段時(shí)間后)繼續(xù)做某事”。 5．I know its dangerous to go there without a map, but Ill take an chance. _____________________________________________________ 答案：an→a　take a chance “冒險(xiǎn)”。 五、七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 (2018湖北四地七校聯(lián)考) Its nice being nice to others；its also great to give people a hand.However，if you start to hurt yourself by doing so，then this is not so healthy.__1__ If you fear that you might fall into this category，the following tips will help you to stand up for yourself and regain your selfconfidence. __2__ Although you may often stay silent if something is wrong or bothers you，it is better to speak your mind right away.You dont have to be rude，but you do have to be firm and direct.Dont do things for others if you dont really want to.Speak up, and soon others will be seeing you in a whole new light. Start small. __3__ This will allow you to practice being brave and selfconfident.Tell a person who has cut in line in front of you to move to the back of the line，or tell a salesperson to do that.Before long，you will be confident enough to stand up to your friends and family members. Judge well. When dealing with others，you have to exercise good judgment.__4__ If a colleague isnt doing his part，you should rightfully demand that he start doing so.However，if a taxi cuts you off in traffic，just let it go. __5__ Rome wasnt built in a day.If you want to get back again after having been a pushover(耳軟心活的人)，its best to take one step at a time. A．Express yourself. B．Regain your confidence. C．Start by speaking up for yourself with strangers. D．Everyone has the right to live without being judged. E．If you slip back into the pushover mode every once in a while，dont blame yourself. F．Sadly，some people are so easily pushed around that they e to be seen as pushovers. G．Its one thing to be confident，but quite another to forcefully say no to an unreasonable request. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了三個(gè)避免成為一個(gè)耳軟心活的人的技巧。 1．F　首先，由空前的“However”一詞可知，本段第二句與第一句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；其次，由語境可知，空處承接上文，空后的“this category”指代空處所講的情況，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“遺憾的是，一些人很容易被擺布，以至于被看做是耳軟心活的人”與之匹配，所以選F項(xiàng)。 2．A　空處是本段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文中的“speak your mind right away”和“Speak up”可知，本段主要是說要表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，故A項(xiàng)與此處匹配。 3．C　根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Start small可知，本段主要講的是從小事做起。根據(jù)空后的“a person who has cut in line in front of you”和“a salesperson”可知，敘述的內(nèi)容與“strangers”有關(guān)，故選項(xiàng)C“從同陌生人表達(dá)自己(的觀點(diǎn))開始”與此處匹配。 4．G　根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題和空前的“exercise good judgment”可知，本段主要講的是正確的判斷是重要的。再根據(jù)空后兩句可知，面對兩種不同的情況應(yīng)有的反應(yīng)是不同的，判斷是一回事，實(shí)踐又是另一回事。故G項(xiàng)符合語境。 5．E　根據(jù)空后的“Rome wasnt built in a day”可知，羅馬不是一日建成的即要一步一步來，所以E項(xiàng)“如果你又一次陷入了耳軟心活的模式中，不要責(zé)備自己”與此處匹配。