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Unit 1 Festivals around the world 一、閱讀理解 Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them. Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need panionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief. “No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life. As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships. Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of closeness is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Regardless of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity (互惠), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection. 1.Who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends? A. Teenagers. B. Adults. C. The elderly. D.A couple. 2.What does the sentence “No man is an island” really mean? A. No man is willing to live on an island. B. Man usually doesn’t go to an island C. Everyone is related with our society. D. Our society is just like an island. 3.What can we learn about outgoing people? A. They like being alone. B. They are fond of making friends. C. They have intense friendships. D. They have fewer close friends indeed 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The formation of close friends. B. The number of real friends. C. Honesty, love and affection. D. Factors to determine the degree of closeness. 【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。主要討論講述的是友誼的重要性。不論是青少年還是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。沒(méi)有人是孤立的，每個(gè)人都是社會(huì)的一部分，都需要他人的愛(ài)、陪伴和關(guān)心。人人需要友誼，需要?dú)w屬感。 1.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders.”可知，沒(méi)有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故選A。 3.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段尾句“Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.”可在，外向的人喜歡交朋友。故選B。 4.D 【解析】段落大意題。通讀最后一段可知，本段講述親密程度是由許多因素決定的，不管親密程度如何，友誼都是建立在互惠，真誠(chéng)，愛(ài)和情感的基礎(chǔ)上的。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2017北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf. 答案：can　此處表示能力，要用can。 2．I think you should apologize to your brother ________your rudeness. 答案：for　apologize to sb. for sth. “因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙说狼浮薄? 3．It is surprising that there are still many people in the world ________(starve) to death each year. 答案：starving　starve to death “餓死”，people和starve在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系，故要用starve的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，作后置定語(yǔ)。 4．No official ________(permit) has been given for the event to take place. 答案：permission　official permission “官方許可”，在句中是名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。 5．Forgive others, and you ________(forgive)． 答案：will be forgiven　本句是“祈使句，and sb. will do ...”句式，本句中forgive和you存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 6．The story reminds me ________an unforgettable experience I once had. 答案：of　remind sb. of sth. “使某人想到某事”。 7．Contrary to the popular belief ________classical music is too plex, it achieves a simplicity that only a genius can create. 答案：that　句中belief為一抽象名詞，其后接由that連接的同位語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明belief。 8．Id like to express my ________(admire) for the courage and unplaining spirit of the firefighters. 答案：admiration　由空前的人稱代詞my可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞admiration “敬佩”。 9．________was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated. 答案：It　It is obvious that ... “很明顯……”。 10．The judge ________(award) him $1,000 in damages. 答案：awarded　award在句中是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為“裁定；判給”。 三、完形填空 閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade.She wasnt my __1__；she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡邏隊(duì))on which I __2__.I loved being around her and __3__ her sense of humor and kind personality.She was __4__ a good listener. At the end of the year，she __5__ that she was moving to Florida，and I was very sad.We exchanged __6__ and became pen pals.I could tell her __7__，and she treated me __8__ respect even though I was a teenager. In Florida，Mrs.Freeman became a Realtor(房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人), __9__ she managed to find time to write letters.She wrote __10__ stories and always took my concerns __11__.She had given me a(n) __12__ invitation to visit，and I missed her so much.When I __13__ to take her up on the __14__ ，she answered，“Get your shoes on and your bags __15__ ！You are wele anytime！” I spent three weeks with her in Miami.Her __16__ of poetry，music，and creative writing __17__ me to follow these endeavors(努力)．One day __18__ hanging sheets on the clothesline，she __19__ and said，“You know，the sky is fuel for the soul.”I had never looked at the __20__ before hearing those words.Two years later，I received a call that Mrs.Freeman had passed away. 1．A.mother　　　　　 　B．friend C．classmate D．teacher 2．A.served B．a(chǎn)dvised C．expected D．led 3．A.shared B．enjoyed C．imagined D．found 4．A.never B．just C．still D．a(chǎn)lso 5．A.knew B．a(chǎn)nnounced C．thought D．realized 6．A.addresses B．gifts C．views D．roles 7．A.many B．much C．everything D．something 8．A.in B．a(chǎn)s C．with D．to 9．A.so B．but C．or D．for 10．A.amusing B．different C．emotional D．ordinary 11．A.immediately B．carefully C．seriously D．privately 12．A.urgent B．lucky C．a(chǎn)mbiguous D．open 13．A.decided B．hesitated C．wrote D．hurried 14．A.offer B．promise C．excuse D．message 15．A.bought B．found C．filled D．packed 16．A.love B．dream C．sense D．feeling 17．A.persuaded B．encouraged C．forced D．a(chǎn)llowed 18．A.before B．once C．while D．a(chǎn)fter 19．A.looked over B．looked out C．looked up D．looked down 20．A.clouds B．flowers C．people D．houses 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了作者在中學(xué)期間和一名英語(yǔ)老師之間的故事。 【核心詞匯】adviser n．顧問(wèn)　pen pal筆友　concern n．擔(dān)心的事，關(guān)切的事 1．D　根據(jù)上文中的“Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade”和空后的“she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡邏隊(duì))”可推知，Mildred Webinga Freeman不是作者的老師(teacher)，下文中的“and became pen pals”也是提示。 2．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)也在巡邏隊(duì)里。serve“為……工作”。 3．B　根據(jù)空前的“I loved being around her”可知，作者喜歡(enjoyed)老師的幽默感和善良的品質(zhì)。 4．D　根據(jù)上文中的“an English teacher”和“the adviser”可知，本句是對(duì)這位老師身份的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。她也(also)是一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者。 5．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，老師宣布(announced)了一個(gè)消息，她要搬到佛羅里達(dá)州了，作者感到很傷心。 6．A　根據(jù)上文中的“At the end of the year, she __5__ that she was moving to Florida”和空后的“and became pen pals”可推知，作者和老師互換了地址(addresses)，成了筆友。 7．C　根據(jù)上文中的“and became pen pals”與空后的“she treated me __8__ respect even though I was a teenager”可推知，作者與老師無(wú)話不談，這與上文作者樂(lè)于和老師相處的背景呼應(yīng)。故選C。 8．C　固定搭配：treat sb.with sth.意為“以某種態(tài)度/方式對(duì)待某人”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。 9．B　根據(jù)空后的“she managed to find time to write letters”可推知，上下文表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B。 10．A　根據(jù)上文中的“I loved being around her and __3__ her sense of humor and kind personality”可推知，老師很幽默，總是給作者講一些好笑的(amusing)故事。 11．C　take sb./sth.seriously為固定搭配，意為“認(rèn)真對(duì)待某人/某事”。老師認(rèn)真對(duì)待作者所關(guān)切的事情。 12．D　根據(jù)下文中的“You are wele anytime”可推知，老師歡迎作者隨時(shí)來(lái)訪，an open invitation為習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“隨時(shí)可以來(lái)訪的邀請(qǐng)”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。urgent“急迫的”；ambiguous“模棱兩可的”。 13．C　根據(jù)上文中的“We exchanged __6__ and became pen pals”可推知，作者寫(xiě)信(wrote)告訴老師，他接受她的提議(offer)。 14．A　參見(jiàn)上題解析。offer“提供，提議”。 15．D　因?yàn)樽髡咭タ赐蠋?，因此老師建議作者收拾行李(packed)，隨時(shí)歡迎作者的到來(lái)。 16．A　老師對(duì)詩(shī)歌、音樂(lè)和文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的熱愛(ài)(love)激勵(lì)(encouraged)著作者去努力。 17．B　參見(jiàn)上題解析。 18．C　一天，當(dāng)老師正在把床單掛在曬衣繩上的時(shí)候，她抬頭看(looked up)到了天空而有所感悟。while“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。 19．C　參見(jiàn)上題解析。 20．A　根據(jù)上文中的“You know, the sky is fuel for the soul”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，當(dāng)時(shí)老師看了天空，此處指的應(yīng)是天上的云(clouds)。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in the memory of the dead. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉memory前的the　in memory of “為了紀(jì)念……”。 2．Dont worry. Im sure your missing glasses will turn out sooner or later. ________________________________________________________ 答案：out→up　turn up “出現(xiàn)；露面”。turn out “證明是；結(jié)果是”。 3．Its possible to hold your breathe for two minutes in practice. ________________________________________________________ 答案：breathe→breath　breathe是動(dòng)詞，意為“呼吸”，breath是名詞，hold ones breath意為“屏住呼吸”。 4．The Internet gives people the chance to have the information they look forward to delivering to them quickly and cheaply. ________________________________________________________ 答案：delivering→delivered　句中“they look forward to”是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是information。have the information delivered “傳遞/發(fā)送信息”。 5．Word came the president would be shown around our school. ________________________________________________________ 答案：came后加that　Word came that ... “消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)……”。that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，雖無(wú)意義但是不能省略。 五、七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 (2018成都市高中畢業(yè)班第二次診斷性檢測(cè)) Do you know that intelligence can be developed? Do you realize it doesnt matter how smart you are but how hard you can work to grow？__1__ In her book，Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, Carol Dweck shares years of research conducted to prove its not just talent that determines success but whether we approach a situation with the right mindset.Having a growth mindset has many，many benefits. __2__ Having a growth mindset encourages you to not look at a deficit(不足額)as a deficit in ability but one of learning and that is one which can easily be achieved.This naturally has an impact on your sense of selfworth. Enjoy the process of learning.With a growth mindset，you look forward to acquiring new skills and absorbing new knowledge.You realize that everything that you learn can help you improve and bee a better person.__3__ Increase your confidence.According to Dweck and her fellow researchers“...in the growth framework，having clear deficits doesnt mean you arent or wont be good at something.Its simply an occasion for learning.__4__ You just need to believe in improvement over time.” Dont get confused by setbacks(挫折)．When you have a growth mindset，you dont view a setback as something that sets you back.__5__ Dweck shares，“Despite setbacks—or even because of them—they find ways to keep themselves mitted and interested.” A．Seek challenges. B．Improve your sense of selfworth. C．So you should never ignore the importance of learning. D．It can affect all areas of your life，from business to love. E．You view it as an opportunity to get better，and stronger. F．Moreover，you dont need a full load of confidence to set about learning. G．If so，youre one of the fortunate few who are blessed with a growth mindset. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文，論述了主題：成功不僅僅是靠天賦，而是靠后天的努力和成長(zhǎng)的心態(tài)。 1．G　根據(jù)空處后一句“In her book，Mindset：The New Psychology of Success，Carol Dweck shares years of research conducted to prove its not just talent that determines success but whether we approach a situation with the right mindset”可知，Carol Dweck在她的書(shū)中分享了多年的研究來(lái)證明：決定成功的不僅僅是天賦，而是我們是否用正確的心態(tài)來(lái)處理事情；該句中的“the right mindset”和G項(xiàng)中的“a growth mindset”相匹配，故G項(xiàng)正確。 2．B　空處為第二段的主題句，根據(jù)該段尾句“This naturally has an impact on your sense of selfworth”可知，該段主要介紹提高自我價(jià)值感的建議，故B項(xiàng)正確。 3．C　根據(jù)空處前一句“You realize that everything that you learn can help you improve and bee a better person”可知，你意識(shí)到你所學(xué)到的所有東西都能幫助你進(jìn)步，讓你成為一個(gè)更好的人，該句說(shuō)明了學(xué)習(xí)的重要性，故C項(xiàng)與此處匹配。 4．F　根據(jù)該段主題句“Increase your confidence”可知，該段主要介紹提高自信心的建議，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的“confidence”與此處匹配，故F項(xiàng)正確。 5．E　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，當(dāng)你有成長(zhǎng)的心態(tài)，就不會(huì)把挫折看成阻礙，而是看作讓你變得更好、更強(qiáng)的機(jī)會(huì)，故E項(xiàng)正確。