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選修7　Unit 2　Robots Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Before I studied psychology, I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred. While I was right about that, I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke. When someone laughs at a joke, there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh — and the more reasons there are, the more powerful the joke will be. I was attending a standup edy show in Egypt, and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets, everyone laughed their heads off. The main reason why those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly. The joke wasnt only funny, but it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got. The better a joke makes a person feel, and the more it includes other psychological factors, the more the person will like it. For example, if you envy one of your friends, and someone tells a joke that is funny and, at the same time, makes your friend seem stupid, then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you werent jealous of him.(第三段最后一句) In short, we dont laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke. I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh. All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a persons emotions, he will certainly like it a lot. 【文章大意】　本文主要分析了人們笑的原因。 【難句分析】For example, if you envy one of your friends, and someone tells a joke that is funny and, at the same time, makes your friend seem stupid, then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you werent jealous of him. 分析：本句是一個復合句。第一個if引導條件狀語從句；that引導定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞a joke；第二個if引導虛擬條件句。 譯文：譬如，如果你妒忌你的一個朋友，有人講了一個有趣同時讓你朋友看起來傻乎乎的笑話，那么你有可能比你不妒忌他時笑得更大聲。 1. What did the author find out about studying psychology? A．Only good jokes make people laugh. B．Many factors lead to peoples laughing. C．Funny things can make people laugh. D．Laughter can make people healthy. 答案與解析：B考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第二句“While I was right about that, I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of joke.”可知，作者在學了心理學之后發(fā)現(xiàn)，笑不僅僅是因為事情好笑，還有很多其他的心理因素的促成和影響，故選B。 2. Why did the audience laugh loud at the pedestrians? A．They played a trick on the pedestrians. B．The pedestrians behaved in a funny way. C．They could feel the pedestrians happiness. D．Their emotion was approved of by the show. 答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got.”可推知，人們對行人的行為大笑的原因是他們在心理上產(chǎn)生了共鳴，故選D。 3. What does the underlined word “belittling” probably mean? A．Annoy. B．Blame. C．Look down on. D．Make up to. 答案與解析：C　考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh.”可推知，動詞belittle和短語make fun of是近義詞，結合選項可知，應選C。annoy“使惱怒”；blame“責怪”；look down on“蔑視，瞧不起”；make up to“接近，奉承，補足”。 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 答案與解析：B　考查推理判斷。結合全文可知，第一段導入話題；第二、三段通過具體事例進行分析；根據(jù)文章最后一段的開頭“In short”可知，最后一段屬于總結；由此可知，本文屬于總—分—總的結構，符合本文結構的圖表是B選項。 B Donald John Trump(born June 14, 1946), is an American businessman and politician who became the President-elect of the United Stateson November 8, 2016. Since 1971 he has chairedThe Trump Organization, the principalholding panyfor his real estate ventures and other business interests. Duringhis business career, Trump has built office towers, hotels, casinos, golf courses, andother branded facilitiesworldwide. Trump was born and raised in New York City and received abachelor’s degreein economics from theWharton Schoolof the University of Pennsylvaniain 1968. In 1971, he was given control of his fatherFred Trump’s real estate and construction firm. Trump has appeared at theMiss USApageants, which he owned from 1996 to 2015, and has madecameo appearancesin films and television series. Trump and his businesses, as well as his three marriages, have received prominent media exposure. He hosted a popularNBCreality show, The Apprentice, from 2004 to 2015. As of 2016, he was listed byForbesas the 324th wealthiest person in the world, and 156th in the United States, with a net worth of $3.7 billion in October 2016. Trump first campaigned for the U.S. presidency in2000, winning twoReform Partyprimaries. On June 16, 2015, Trump again announced his candidacy for president, this time as a Republican. Trump became known for his opposition toillegal immigrationandfree trade agreements, as well as his frequently non-interventionistviews on foreign policy, and quickly emerged as the Republican nomination front-runner. As of March 23, 2016, Trump has won 21 contests in the2016 Republican presidential primaries. He was elected as the 45th U.S. presidentin the2016 electionon theRepublicanticket, defeatingDemocraticnomineeHillary Clinton, andis scheduled to take officeon January 20, 2017. At 70 years old, he will be theoldest person to ever assume the presidency. 1. This passage is mostly probably taken from __________. A. a story book B. a biography book C. a science book D. an advertisement 2. Where is Donald Trump’s hometown? A. London B. Paris C. New York D. Beijing 3. From the passage, we can know that Donald Trump was _________. A. wealthy and sucessful B. intelligent but mean C. good-tempered and tolerant D. forgetful and sensitive 4. We can learn from the passage that _________. A. Donald Trump is only successful in business field. B. Donald Trump was born in a poor family. C. Donald Trump is in favor of illegal immigration. D. Donald Trump will be the oldest president of the United States. 【文章大意】本文為人物傳記。文章中主要介紹了美國總統(tǒng)特朗普。 1. B【解析】文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹的是美國新當選的總統(tǒng)特朗普。由此可推知，本文極可 能來自與一本人物傳記。故選B。 2. C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的＂Trump was born and raised in New York City…＂可知，特朗普的 家鄉(xiāng)是紐約。故選C。 4. D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的＂At 70 years old, he will be the oldest person to ever assume the presidency.＂可推知，特朗普將是歷任美國總統(tǒng)中年齡最大的一位。故選D。 二、七選五 (2018湖南省部分重點中學考前演練) How to Wele Change in Your Life Do you embrace (欣然接受) the road you are now on or resist and avoid change at all costs when a recent event has shaken you greatly? Here are things you can do in the midst of uncertainty to choose differently to change the track of your life. Dont react. What do we do when we dont know what to do? First, stop, take a deep breath and dont do anything. __1__ It is having faith and trusting what you do know in the unknown. Reflect on the past. Another activity is to recall times in your life when you were faced with an unknown. Then, think about how you handled the situation. __2__ Use your past experiences to bring you strength, and to remind you what you are capable of. Make conscious decisions. __3__ However, more possibilities open up when we are at peace. Go over your list of what ifs and make a more balanced list of the best and worst situations possible. Then talk to loved ones about what you would do in each situation and the choices you do have. __4__ We often see fears as our greatest enemy, yet they provide us with an enormous opportunity for selfgrowth. What if we were to see them as friends who want to help us bee a better person? Let your fears help you instead of hurting you. Then, write down what es to you. __5__ A．Dont panic. B．Befriend your fears. C．You may be surprised by the answers. D．When we are fearful, our options seem limited. E．Then try to feel at ease with the state of “not knowing”． F．Learning from past failures helps you make better decisions. G．Remembering these incidents will remind you that youve gone through difficult situations. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說明文，介紹了迎接生活中的變化的幾種方法。 1．答案與解析：E　根據(jù)空前的“First, stop, take a deep breath and dont do anything.”及E項中的“with the state of ‘not knowing’”與空后的“in the unknown”的對應關系可知E項符合語境。 2．答案與解析：G根據(jù)本段的小標題“Reflect on the past.”及空前的“think about how you handled the situation”可知，空處應是與回憶過去的情況相關的內(nèi)容，故G項符合語境。 3．答案與解析：D根據(jù)本段的小標題“Make conscious decisions.”及空處與空后的“However, more possibilities open up when we are at peace.”之間存在轉折關系可知，D項“當我們害怕時，我們的選擇似乎是受限的。”符合語境。 4．答案與解析：B根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容尤其是“What if we were to see them as friends who want to help us bee a better person.”可知，本段主要講的是對待恐懼要如同對待朋友一樣，而不要把它們看作敵人。故B項符合語境。 5．答案與解析：C根據(jù)空前的“Then，write down what es to you”可知，空處的內(nèi)容有關寫下這些東西的結果，故C項“你可能會對答案感到震驚?！狈险Z境。 三、短文改錯 Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems.Too much cars travel on the roads.This heavy traffic causes delays and the plenty of air pollution.Besides Jinan，many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one.One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only a small number of people use public transportation. In my opinion，one way to solve the traffic problems was to encourage people to make use public transportation systems.For example，people can take buses instead of drive cars.Meanwhile，the government should take measures to make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus. 【答案】 Jinan is facing traffic problems.Too cars travel on the roads.This heavy traffic causes delays and plenty of air pollution.Besides Jinan，many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the one.One of the why there is so much traffic is only a small number of people use public transportation. In my opinion，one way to solve the traffic problems to encourage people to make use public transportation systems.For example，people can take buses instead of cars.Meanwhile，the government should take measures to make more reliable and convenient to travel by bus. 第一處：考查形容詞。此處修飾名詞短語“traffic problems”應用形容詞。故seriously改為serious。 第二處：考查形容詞。此處修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)“cars”，應用many，而 much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。故much改為many。 第三處：考查固定搭配。plenty of是固定搭配，意為“許多，大量”，前面沒有the。故去掉the。 第四處：考查形容詞的比較等級。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指北京是交通問題最嚴重的，應用形容詞的最高級。故worse改為worst。 第五處：考查名詞復數(shù)。one of后接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。故reason改為reasons。 第六處：考查連接詞。分析句子結構可知，此處引導表語從句，且在句中不作任何成分，應用that引導。故because改為that。 第七處：考查動詞時態(tài)。本篇文章主要以一般現(xiàn)在時為主，且主語“one way”是單數(shù)。故was改為is。 第八處：考查固定搭配。make use of為固定搭配，意為“利用”。故在use后加of。 第九處：考查非謂語動詞。instead of后應接動名詞。故drive改為driving。 第十處：考查代詞。此處使用了“make it＋形容詞＋ to do sth.”的結構，其中it是形式賓語。故them改為it。 四、語法填空 (2018江西南昌十校二模) When I was an international student in China, I was lucky to experience Chinese New Year. The buildup was exciting as everywhere __1__ (decorate) with red. Some fellow students and I decided to travel from Xian to Guilin for the festival. Travel during that time is quite __2__ adventure — many people journey home __3__ (see) their families and everywhere is very busy. On the eve of New Year, we watched the CCTV New Years Gala. Although we didnt really understand everything, it was good to be lost __4__ the atmosphere of the occasion! At New Year, families make __5__ (taste) dumplings together as part of the celebrations. On New Years Day, and for several weeks afterwards, you can hear firecrackers and fireworks everywhere, and the air __6__ (smell) strongly of dynamite (火藥) and smoke. This was adventurous for us! Being in China during New Year somewhat meant __7__ (lonely) though it was a great experience. I can __8__ (absolute) explain it with how international students in the UK might feel at Christmas if __9__ (have) no loved ones around them. Overall, my first Chinese New Year was an amazing experience __10__ Ill never forget. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者在中國留學期間，曾經(jīng)有幸和同學一起邊旅行邊體驗中國的新年，這個經(jīng)歷使作者一直難以忘懷。 1．答案與解析：was decorated考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。準備過程令人激動，因為處處都裝飾著紅色。主句用了一般過去時，故從句也應用一般過去時。decorate與主語之間是動賓關系，故用被動語態(tài)。 2．答案與解析：an考查冠詞?？涨笆莙uite，空后是名詞，故可判斷此處是“quite＋不定冠詞＋名詞”結構。當名詞前沒有形容詞修飾時，quite要放在冠詞前。 3．答案與解析：to see考查非謂語動詞。很多人回家看望自己的家人。分析句子結構并根據(jù)句意可知，空處應是不定式作目的狀語，故填to see。 4．答案與解析：in考查介詞。盡管我們不能真的聽懂所有的內(nèi)容，但是沉浸于這種節(jié)日的氣氛是極好的。be lost in sth.“沉浸于”，是固定搭配。 5．答案與解析：tasty考查形容詞。家家都包美味的餃子?？仗幮揎梔umplings，故用形容詞tasty“美味的，好吃的”。 6．答案與解析：smells考查主謂一致和語態(tài)。主語是表示單數(shù)意義的the air，故謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。smell在此是系動詞，意為“聞起來”，不能用于被動語態(tài)，故填smells。 7．答案與解析：loneliness考查名詞。盡管新年期間待在中國是很美妙的經(jīng)歷，但它稍微讓人感到孤單。mean是及物動詞，后接名詞作賓語。loneliness“寂寞，孤獨”。 8．答案與解析：absolutely考查副詞?？仗幮揎椫^語動詞explain，故用副詞absolutely“完全地”。 9．答案與解析：having考查非謂語動詞。本空難度較大，部分考生不確定此處的句子結構。認真分析句子結構可知，此處是“連詞＋非謂語動詞”結構，涉及“狀語從句的省略”這一語法現(xiàn)象。非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是主句的主語，即international students。have和international students之間是主謂關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞having。 10．答案與解析：that/which考查定語從句?？傮w來說，第一次在中國過新年是令人驚喜的經(jīng)歷，一個我永遠不會忘懷的經(jīng)歷?？仗幰龑ФㄕZ從句，在從句中作賓語，先行詞是experience，故用that或which。