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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions (選修8　Unit 3) 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 An inventor,Le Trung,has created his perfect woman,a robot who can do the 1.　　　　　　(clean),remember his favourite drinks and read him the newspaper headlines. Le Trung has spent ￡14,000 2.　　　　　　 (create)Aiko,who he describes as “in her 20s” with a good figure,shiny hair and delicate features.She can speak English and Japanese and is so good at mathematics 3.　　　　　　 she can do Mr Trung’s accounts. Mr Trung,from Brampton in Ontario,Canada,said he has never had time 4.　　　　　　 (find) a real partner—so he designed and created his ideal woman 5.　　　　　　(use) the latest technology. The former software 6.　　　　　　　　(program) had taken out credit cards and loans,sold his car and spent his life savings in perfecting his Aiko. He said,“Aiko is what happens when science meets beauty.I want to make her look,feel and act 7.　　　　　　 human as possible so she can be the perfect panion.I talk to her a lot,and hope to improve her knowledge.So far she can understand and speak 13,000 different sentences in English and Japanese,so she’s already fairly intelligent.Aiko recognizes faces and says hello when any of my family es around 8.　　　　　　　　(visit).She helps me choose 9. to have for dinner and knows what drinks I like.She even 10.(help) me with directions when we’re going somewhere.She doesn’t need holidays,food or rest and she will work almost 24 hours a day.She is very patient and never plains.She is the perfect woman.” 答案 1.cleaning　2.creating　3.that　4.to find　5.using 6.programmer　7.as　8.to visit　9.what　10.helps Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A IBM and Local Motors introduced a new self-driving electric vehicle called “Olli” in National Harbour,Maryland.The car—really,a small bus—is capable of transporting 12 people at once.It uses IBM’s “Watson” system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources. For example,if you use the car enough it could eventually figure out your general path to work every morning.If you’re running late one day —or Watson uses weather data to figure out that it’s about to rain,or that traffic will get worse—Olli might tell you there’s no time for coffee.Ask it when you’ll arrive at your destination and it can answer. The vehicle will be available to the public in National Harbor at “select times” this summer.Later this year,it will be used in Florida’s Miami-Dade County and Las Vegas. Much has been said about Google’s driverless car prototype(模型)—but Jay Rogers,CEO of Local Motors,a small experimental car maker,says there’s a problem with the Google’s business model. “Google doesn’t make cars,”he explained.While that’s not strictly true—the pany does have its own self-driving car prototype—Google is working with traditional automakers like Fiat Chrysler to get its vehicles on public roads. But driverless cars aren’t legal in every state.“A pany like Fiat Chrysler won’t put out vehicles they can’t sell everywhere,”Rogers said. Rogers believes Local Motors is nimble enough to be an industry leader.The pany designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland. We’re a long way away from having Olli everywhere,of course,but Rogers says Local Motors’ major problem is legislation,not technology.They’re already equipped to produce and deliver the cars wherever there’s demand—though it’s a small pany,so don’t expect too many of them. 1.What’s Olli’s major feature? A.It is an electric vehicle. B.It doesn’t need a driver. C.It can take 12 people at once. D.It can municate with passengers. 2.What does Rogers think of Google’s driverless cars? A.They will be Olli’s strong petitors. B.They can’t be driven on public roads. C.They have a big technical problem. D.They won’t be mass-produced. 3.What does the underlined word “nimble” in the text mean? A.Able to adapt easily. B.Able to act quickly. C.Fully developed. D.Highly creative. 4.Why will Olli not appear in great numbers? A.Because it is still in the testing stage. B.Because many people can’t afford to buy it. C.Because Local Motors has low productivity. D.Because driverless cars are not legal in America. B (2016武漢武昌調(diào)研) Brooke Martin’s golden retriever(金毛獵犬)Kayla hated being left alone or separated.She would howl,pace,and chew on things.Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets.She wondered:“What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?” Working with her father in their garage,the 16-year-old came up with several ideas.Finally,she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!She calls the device iCPooch.“The dog doesn’t have to answer the call,”explains Brooke.“It es up immediately on the screen on its end.It’s a two-way audio and video—you can see and hear each other.”With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat! Her invention has earned her a spot peting against nine other finalists in a young scientist petition for middle-school students.These finalists,selected based on their short video presentations,are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final petition in St.Paul,Minn. After Martin’s video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge,she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson,a product develop ment scientist in 3M’s consumer health care division.“I just lead her down the product development path,”Langer-Anderson told LiveScience.This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product,which bines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog’s end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate. “One thing I have thought about a lot is,what happens if while the device is on the floor,what if your dog knocks it over,or scratches the screen?”Martin said.She and Langer-Anderson discussed this,and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floor to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws. The finalists create models they can test,with the guidance from a mentor.Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method,testing their hypothesis,in a determined way.“So the kids don’t get buried in data,”she said. 5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text? A.“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist petition B.A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dogs’ hunger C.A man-made device lets people chat with their pets D.A kid-invented device calms dogs’ separation anxiety 6.“iCPooch” calms pet dogs by 　　　. A.allowing video chat B.making dogs sleep C. answering the call D.giving them food 7.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentors”? A.petitors. B.Assistants. C.Instructors. D.panions. 8.What do the inventions of the finalists have in mon? A.They are all new inventions dealing with pets. B.They are possible solutions to everyday problems. C.They cope with the problems related to puters. D.They are all acplished through individual work. C 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Before I studied psychology，I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred.While I was right about that，I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke.When someone laughs at a joke，there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh—and the more reasons there are，the more powerful the joke will be. I was attending a standup edy show in Egypt，and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets，everyone laughed their heads off.The main reason why those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly.The joke wasnt only funny，but it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians.That is，people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got. The better a joke makes a person feel，and the more it includes other psychological factors，the more the person will like it.For example，if you envy one of your friends，and someone tells a joke that is funny and，at the same time，makes your friend seem stupid，then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you werent jealous of him. In short，we dont laugh only when we hear something funny；we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke.I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh.All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a persons emotions，he will certainly like it a lot. 1．What did the author find out after studying psychology? A．Only good jokes make people laugh. B．Many factors lead to peoples laughing. C．Funny things can make people laugh. D．Laughter can make people healthy. 2．Why did the audience laugh loud at the pedestrians? A．They played a trick on the pedestrians. B．The pedestrians behaved in a funny way. C．They could feel the pedestrians happiness. D．Their emotion was approved of by the show. 3．What does the underlined word“belittling” probably mean? A．Annoy.　　　　　　　　B．Blame. C．Look down on. D．Make up to. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要分析了人們笑的原因。 【難句分析】For example，if you envy one of your friends，and someone tells a joke that is funny and，at the same time，makes your friend seem stupid，then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you werent jealous of him. 分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。第一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞a joke；第二個(gè)if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句。 譯文：譬如，如果你妒忌你的一個(gè)朋友，有人講了一個(gè)有趣同時(shí)讓你朋友看起來(lái)傻乎乎的笑話，那么你有可能比你不妒忌他時(shí)笑得更大聲。 1．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第二句“While I was right about that，I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke”可知，作者在學(xué)了心理學(xué)之后發(fā)現(xiàn)，笑不僅僅是因?yàn)槭虑楹眯?，還有很多其他的心理因素的促成和影響，故選B。 2．D　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“That is，people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got”可推知，人們對(duì)行人的行為大笑的原因是他們?cè)谛睦砩袭a(chǎn)生了共鳴，故選D。 3．C　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh”可推知，動(dòng)詞belittle和短語(yǔ)make fun of是近義詞，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，應(yīng)選C。annoy“使惱怒”；blame“責(zé)怪”；look down on“蔑視，瞧不起”； make up to“接近、奉承、補(bǔ)足”。 4．B　考查推理判斷。結(jié)合全文可知，第一段導(dǎo)入話題；第二、三段通過(guò)具體事例進(jìn)行分析；根據(jù)文章最后一段的開(kāi)頭“In short”可知，最后一段屬于總結(jié)；由此可知，本文屬于總——分——總的結(jié)構(gòu)，符合本文結(jié)構(gòu)的圖表是B選項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.七選五閱讀 (2016重慶第二次診斷) How to Get on a Reality TV Show Think carefully before you leap!Being on a reality TV show is about being exposed.And that exposure is to everyone,including your family,friends,neighbors,and your former school teachers.Is this something you can handle?　1　 If you’re not worried about this,then you’re ready!On the other hand,if you value your privacy and reputation intensely,reality TV stardom may not be for you.Give it up before things get difficult if that’s the case! 　2　For a brand-new show,read whatever is already available in the media about the show’s intended themes,content,time slot,and audience.　3　 This is probably easier if you’ve watched it without fail since it began. Be practical.When you assess your suitability to go any further,some of the things that you should keep in mind include being realistic.It makes little sense to apply to be in a weight loss show when you’re already at an ideal weight.　4　 If you’re applying for a show wanting people with a business background or a college education and you don’t have one,again,it may not be worth your while. Know why you want to do this.The show’s producers will want a strong,well-founded response.　5　 Telling them “I want to be famous”rarely distinguishes you from every other person wanting the same.Be confident in what you believe you can contribute to the show while focusing on your hoped-for oute. A.Can you actually sing,dance,act,etc.,as required? B.Learn all that you can about the show before applying. C.Do you mind if people who used to know you talk about you? D.Nor is it wise to try modeling when your height isn’t what they’re looking for. E.Do you have to eat things that are simply awful and that you’d never think of eating in a million years? F.Give an answer that shows your strengths,your interesting points,and a desire to be a good role model. G.For an existing show,it makes good sense to be up-to-date about the entire show from its previous seasons. Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò) I once took part in a speech contest.Such difficult was the topic that I pletely had no idea about it.Even a time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopeful and wanted to give up.And deep in my heart I didn’t want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and take the contest seriously.I kept remind myself,“If I try my best,I won’t feel regretful,whichever the result is.”In the following days I struggled my goal.At the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it. 考點(diǎn)規(guī)范練(選修8　Unit 3) Ⅰ.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。電動(dòng)汽車(chē)Olli不僅可以無(wú)人駕駛,還可以與乘客互動(dòng),回答乘客的各種問(wèn)題。 1.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“It uses IBM’s ‘Watson’ system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources.”及第二段內(nèi)容可知,通過(guò)IBM的認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)Watson,Olli可以與乘客互動(dòng)。 2.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“But driverless cars aren’t legal in every state.‘A pany like Fiat Chrysler won’t put out vehicles they can’t sell everywhere,’...”可知,由于無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)不是在每個(gè)州都合法,因此與谷歌合作的汽車(chē)廠商不會(huì)大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)。 3.B　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“The pany designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland.”可知,Local Motors從設(shè)計(jì)Olli到上路只用了一年多的時(shí)間,由此看出,Local Motors“動(dòng)作迅速”,堪為行業(yè)領(lǐng)頭羊。 4.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...it’s a small pany,so don’t expect too many of them.”可知,由于Local Motors是家小公司,生產(chǎn)能力有限,因此不會(huì)有大批量的Olli上市。 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了一位16歲的中學(xué)生發(fā)明了一種遠(yuǎn)程照顧寵物狗的設(shè)備,并因此進(jìn)入探索教育3M青年科學(xué)家挑戰(zhàn)賽的前十名。 5.D　主旨大意題。本文主要講了一位16歲的中學(xué)生發(fā)明了一種設(shè)備,這種設(shè)備能讓狗和主人視頻,讓狗在主人離開(kāi)時(shí)不感到焦慮,故選D項(xiàng)。 6.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“...a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!”可知,iCPooch通過(guò)讓狗主人和狗視頻聊天,從而讓狗安靜下來(lái)。故選A項(xiàng)。 7.C　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“These finalists...are working with mentors over the summer...”可知,這次青年科學(xué)家挑戰(zhàn)賽的決賽選手已經(jīng)和指導(dǎo)者一起工作了一個(gè)夏天,畫(huà)線詞應(yīng)表示“指導(dǎo)者”,故選C項(xiàng)。最后一段的with the guidance from a mentor也是提示。 8.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第二句“Their projects include a fuel cell...and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.”可知,這些決賽選手的發(fā)明可能幫助解決日常生活中的問(wèn)題,故選B項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章向我們介紹了如何上電視真人秀節(jié)目。比如說(shuō),上節(jié)目之前要認(rèn)真考慮,了解你會(huì)被提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題及你的答案等。 1.C　本段討論的話題是你一旦上了電視真人秀節(jié)目,認(rèn)識(shí)你的人會(huì)議論你,因此在上節(jié)目前你要認(rèn)真考慮。故選C項(xiàng)。空后一句中的this指代空處所在句的內(nèi)容。 2.B　本題是選擇段落主題句。由上下文中段落主題句的結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處需要一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔的祈使句。再結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可知答案為B項(xiàng)。 3.G　由空后一句中的“...if you’ve watched it without fail since it began.”可知,此處談?wù)摰氖且粋€(gè)已經(jīng)播出過(guò)的節(jié)目,而不是一個(gè)全新的節(jié)目。故選G項(xiàng)。 4.D　本段談?wù)摰闹黝}是要現(xiàn)實(shí)一點(diǎn),選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)墓?jié)目。本段中所舉的例子均是圍繞這一話題的。故選D項(xiàng)。 5.F　由空后的“Telling them ‘I want to be famous’...”及空前的“The show’s producers will...response.”可知,此處談?wù)摰氖悄阍谏暾?qǐng)參加節(jié)目時(shí)會(huì)被問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題和你的回答。 Ⅲ.　　I once took part in a speech contest.SuchSo difficult was the topic that I pletely had no idea about it.Even athe time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopefulhopeless and wanted to give up.AndBut deep in my heart I didn’t want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and taketook the contest seriously.I kept remindreminding myself,“If I try my best,I won’t feel regretful,whicheverwhatever the result is.”In the following days I struggled my goal.AtIn the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it .