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Unit 1 A land of diversity (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．strait n．　　　　　　　　　　 海峽 2．Arctic adj. 北極的；北極區(qū)的 3．ministry n. (政府的)部；(全體)牧師； 牧師的職責(zé) 4．shave vi.& vt. 刮；剃 5．vice n．& adj. 代理；副職 6．federal adj. 聯(lián)邦制的；聯(lián)邦政府的 7．a(chǎn)ircraft n. 飛行器；航空器；飛機(jī) 8．nephew n. 侄子；外甥 9．tram n. (有軌)電車 10．cattle n. 牛(總稱) 11．bakery n. 面包房；面包廠 12．ferry n 渡船；渡口 vt. 擺渡；渡運(yùn) 13．seagull n. 海鷗 14．mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛 15．a(chǎn)uthority n. 權(quán)威；權(quán)力 (pl.) 當(dāng)局；官方 16．rail n. 鐵路；扶手；(護(hù)欄的)橫條 17．nowhere adv. 無處；到處都無 18．brake n. 閘；剎車；制動(dòng)器 v. 剎(車)；用制動(dòng)器減速 19．pole n. 地極；電極；磁極 20．fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫其形 1．despite prep.　　　　　　　　 盡管；不管 2．hardship n. 苦難；困苦 3．occur vi. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) 4．luggage n. 行李(〈美〉baggage) 5．thankful adj. 感激的；感謝的 6．boom n. (人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮 vi. 處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期 7．a(chǎn)ngle n. 角；角度 8．civil adj. 公民的；國內(nèi)的；民間的 9．hire vt.& n．[縱聯(lián)1] 租用；雇用 10．grasp vt.& n. 抓??；抓緊；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì) 11．thoughtful adj. 關(guān)切的；體貼的；深思的 12．reform v. 改革；革新 n. 改革；改造；改良 13．justice n. 正義；公平 14．insert vt. 嵌入；插入 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．distinct adj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的→distinction n．差別；區(qū)分；卓著 2．immigrant n．(從外國移入的)移民→immigrate vi.移入(外國定居)→immigration n．移民；移居入境 3．means n．方法；手段→mean v．意思是；意味著 adj.吝嗇的；卑鄙的→meaning n．意思；意義 4．majority n．大多數(shù)；大半→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．專業(yè)→minority n．少數(shù) 5．elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→election n．選舉 6．percentage n．百分比；百分率→percent adj.百分之……的 7．racial adj.人種的；種族的→race n．種族；競爭 8．crossing n．橫渡；橫越；十字路口；人行橫道→cross n．十字；交叉 adj.交叉的；生氣的 v．使交叉；橫過→across prep.在……對(duì)面[縱聯(lián)2] 9．a(chǎn)pplicant n．申請(qǐng)人→apply vi.申請(qǐng)→application n．申請(qǐng)書；申請(qǐng) 10．customs n．海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅→customer n．顧客 11．socialist n．社會(huì)主義者；社會(huì)黨人 adj.社會(huì)主義的→society n．社會(huì)→social adj.社會(huì)的→socialism n．社會(huì)主義 12．indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示→indication n．跡象；標(biāo)示→indicator n．指示器；指示信號(hào) 13．a(chǎn)pparent adj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的→apparently adv.顯然地；顯而易見地 14．conductor n．(公車)售票員；列車員；(樂隊(duì))指揮→conduct v．管理[縱聯(lián)3] 15．slip vi.滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤 n．滑動(dòng)；滑倒 →slippery adj.滑的 16．punishment n．懲罰；處罰→punish vt.懲罰；處罰 縱聯(lián)1. 不“雇用”就“辭退” ①hire n．& vt.雇用　　 　　 ②employ vt. 雇用 ③take on雇用 ④fire vt. 解雇 ⑤dismiss vt. 解雇 ⑥lay off解雇 ⑦remove vt.免職 縱聯(lián)2.容易被忽略的ing名詞后綴 ①crossing十字路口 ②training訓(xùn)練 ③feeling感覺 ④wedding婚禮 ⑤meaning意義 ⑥saying格言；警句 ⑦building建筑物 ⑧hearing聽覺 ⑨belonging擁有物 ⑩painting繪畫(作品) ?ending結(jié)尾 ?greeting問候；打招呼 縱聯(lián)3.后綴“or”基本都是表示“人” ①conductor售票員 ②administrator管理者 ③director導(dǎo)演；主管 ④educator教育工作者 ⑤editor編輯 ⑥inventor發(fā)明家 ⑦operator操作員 ⑧translator翻譯家 ⑨actor演員 ⑩author作家 ?visitor游客 ?ancestor祖先 ?bachelor學(xué)士；單身漢 ?monitor班長 單元話題——多元化的國土 子話題1　歷史變遷 ①ancestor n．祖先 ②nation n．國家；民族 ③origin n. 起源；起因 ④defend v. 保護(hù)；保衛(wèi) ⑤announce v. 宣告；宣布 ⑥previous adj.早先的 ⑦ancient adj. 古代的 ⑧population n. 人口 ⑨symbol n．象征 ⑩history n．歷史 ?adapt v．使適應(yīng) ?changeable adj.多變的 子話題2　地點(diǎn)介紹 　①geography n. 地理 ②capital n. 首都；省會(huì) ③convenient adj. 方便的 ④urban adj.城市的 ⑤position n. 位置 ⑥atmosphere n. 氛圍；大氣層 ⑦surround v. 包圍 ⑧cover v. 覆蓋 ⑨remote adj. 偏僻的；偏遠(yuǎn)的 ⑩locate v. 找出……位置；安置在…… [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用 1．(2018北京高考閱讀D)The possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently? now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for panies to test truly selfdriving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for panies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars, and for panies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here. panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across?the country. Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the 　?　 to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. ①寫出加彩詞在句中的含義：顯而易見地 ②寫出across在本單元中同根名詞：crossing，意為“橫越；橫渡；十字路口；人行橫道” ③選詞填空：__B__ A．hardship　　 　　B．potential　　　　 C．justice 2．(2017江蘇高考任務(wù)型閱讀)Declining birth rate is a major?problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades. A great decline in young work force is likely 　?　 (occur)in China, for instance. What does it imply?？ First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble. ①寫出加彩詞在本單元的名詞形式：majority ②用occur的適當(dāng)形式填空：to_occur;_occur除了表示“發(fā)生”，相當(dāng)于happen外，在句型it occurs to sb. that ...中，occur意為“被提到，出現(xiàn)在大腦中” ③加彩詞在本單元的近義詞為：indicate 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用 (根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子) 1．(2018江蘇高考書面表達(dá))顯然，盲目地聽從別人的建議會(huì)影響我們自己的判斷。(apparently) Apparently,_blindly_following_others_advice_will_affect_our_own_judgment. 2．(2017全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))我希望你能抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，這是進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一種途徑。(grasp, means) I_wish_that_you_could_grasp_this_opportunity，which is a　means of learning traditional Chinese culture further. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 1．majority n．大多數(shù)；大半 [記牢] (1)a/the majority of ...　　　 大多數(shù)…… in the/a majority 占多數(shù) (2)major n．& v. 專業(yè)；主修 major in 主修……；以……為專業(yè) (3)minority n. 少數(shù) in the/a minority 占少數(shù) [練通]　單句語法填空 ①Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority. ②The majority of the land has_been_destroyed (destroy) so far. ③Some of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were (be) really funny. ④I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major in the gardening after attending college. [用準(zhǔn)]　the majority of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；后接不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；后接集合名詞作主語時(shí)，若集合名詞視為整體，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，若集合名詞考慮個(gè)體，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ⑤(2015浙江高考書面表達(dá))當(dāng)我有不同的意見時(shí)，我可能選擇放棄，尊重大多數(shù)人的意見。 When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinions of the majority. 2．elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人 [記牢] (1)elect sb. (as/to be)＋職位＝sb. be elected (as/to be)＋ 職位選舉某人為……(職位前無冠詞) (2)election n．　　　 　 選舉 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①She became the first black woman who was elected as Member of Parliament to the Senate. ②If I am lucky enough to win the election (elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students afterclass activities. [寫美]　翻譯句子 ③(2015陜西高考書面表達(dá))此外，我的英語很好以至于我當(dāng)選為我英語老師的助理。 Besides,_I_have_such_a_good_mand_of_English_that_I_am_elected_as_assistant_to_my_English_teacher. 3．occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) [記牢] sth. occurs to sb.　　　　　 　　 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事 [練通] 單句語法填空 ①Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. ②(2018天津高考)The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs (occur)． 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ③It occurred to me that I should go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home. →It occurred to me to_go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home. [寫美]　 用含有occur短語升級(jí)加彩部分 ④Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how you came up with the idea. →Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the　idea occurred to you. 4．hire vt.& n．租用；雇用 [記牢] (1)on hire　　　　　　　　 出租 for hire 可供出租 (2)hire sth. out (to sb.) 把……租出去(給某人) [練通]　單句語法填空 ①In December 2018, I was_hired (hire) as a hotel manager and moved here full time. ②There are three small boats available for hire. ③David used to hire his car out when he didnt need it himself. [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ④一方面，他們抱怨找工作競爭如此激烈；另一方面，許多工廠無法雇用足夠的工人。 On the one hand, they plain that the petition in job hunting is so fierce; on the other hand, a_lot_of_factories_cant_hire_enough_workers. [詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．In the meantime, mobile online shopping market is booming (繁榮) in China, with an annual growth rate of 63.5%. 2．It was really thoughtful (體貼的) of you to remember my birthday and arrange a party. 3．I was really upset to find that such a thing should have occurred (發(fā)生) in your shop. 4．Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired (雇用) to make the images. 5．A new law has been brought in to discourage racial (種族的) prejudice. 6．We have never doubted of the success of our reform (改革)． 7．Whenever it is, we should keep a thankful (感激的) heart towards everything around us. 8．Despite (盡管) his frequent absence, Bruce managed to keep up with his studies. 9．Grasp (抓住) the main idea of the text, and you will be able to answer the question. 10．Anyone who goes abroad will accept security check at the customs (海關(guān))． Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．When it es to education, the/a majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 2．These rules require to_be_reformed/reforming (reform)to meet the need of most people. 3．It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 4．With the tourist trade booming (boom), the residents of this area are paying more attention to the protection of nature. 5．The applicant (apply) should be a native speaker of English.Fluency in Chinese is preferred. 6．The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the class rang, which interrupted our heated discussion. 7．Apparently (apparent), the iPods, if used properly, are helpful to our study, especially to our English listening. 8．Unluckily, she slipped (slip), fell down from the upstairs and hurt her left leg. 9．Furthermore, punishment (punish) is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically. 10．There are many bicycles on hire in this area. Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子 1．鎮(zhèn)上的大多數(shù)人都大力支持為孩子們建造運(yùn)動(dòng)場的計(jì)劃。(majority) The_majority_of_people_in_the_town_strongly_support the plan to build a playground for children. 2．她被選入樂隊(duì)，不是因?yàn)樗利?，而是因?yàn)樗幸魳诽熨x。(elect) She_was_elected_into_the_band not because she was beautiful but because she had a talent for music. 3．邁克爾從未想到有一天他會(huì)成為班上的尖子生。(occur) Not once did_it_occur_to_Michael_that he could one day bee a top student in his class. 4．人類會(huì)為他們破壞森林的行為而受到處罰。(punish) The_human_beings_will_be_punished for their forestdestroying activities. 5. (2015福建高考書面表達(dá))正如圖畫所顯示，一個(gè)男孩坐在桌邊專心讀書。(indicate) As_is_indicated_in_the_picture,_a boy is sitting at the table, absorbed in reading. Ⅳ.語境辨義 根據(jù)語境選出grasp的詞性和詞義 (A)vt.明白；領(lǐng)會(huì)　　　 (B)vt.抓住(機(jī)會(huì)) (C)n.掌握；控制 (D)vt.抓緊 1．I am not afraid of making mistakes and grasp every opportunity to improve myself.__B__ 2．He grasped my hand and shook it warmly.__D__ 3．It took him some time to grasp that he was now a public figure.__A__ 4．Dont let the situation escape from your grasp.__C__ (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) 1．live_on 　　　　　　　　 繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存 2.mark out [串記1] 標(biāo)出……界線；用線畫出范圍 3．a(chǎn)pply_for 申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到 4.take in [串記2] 包括；吸收；欺騙；理解 5．keep_up 堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) 6．make_a_life 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等 7.back to back 背靠背 8．by_means_of 用……辦法；借助…… 9．a(chǎn)_great/good_many 許多；很多 10．team_up_with 與……合作或一起工作 [同根短語串記] 串記1.“v.＋out”短語薈萃 ①mark out標(biāo)出……界線 ②turn out結(jié)果是 ③make out理解；辨認(rèn)出 ④work out鍛煉 ⑤cut out刪去 ⑥e out 出版；開花 串記2.龐大的“v.＋in”一族 ①take in 包括；理解 ②cut in 插嘴；插隊(duì) ③consist in在于 ④fit in適應(yīng) ⑤give in屈服；投降 ⑥join in參與 ⑦lie in位于；在于 ⑧major in主修 ⑨participate in參加 ⑩result in導(dǎo)致 1．the largest population 　　　 　 人口最多 2．a(chǎn)ttract people from all over the world 吸引來自世界各地的人 3．in the early 16th century 在16世紀(jì)早期 4．fight against 同……打仗 5．take their land 奪去了他們的土地 6．despite great hardship 盡管困難重重 7．establish a town of their own 建立了自己的城鎮(zhèn) 8．a(chǎn) mixture of ……的混合體 9．go exploring 去探索 10．a(chǎn)ll sorts of 各種各樣的 11．have a good view of 清楚看到 1．Exactly when the first people arrived in_what_we_now_know_as_California,_no one really knows. 第一批人具體是在什么時(shí)候來到我們現(xiàn)在稱之為加利福尼亞的地方的誰也說不清楚。 2．However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。 3．That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 那就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。 4. It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.　人們認(rèn)為，很快，民族融合將空前的大，這樣一來，也就不會(huì)再有什么明顯的大種族或大的文化群體，取而代之的將是多種族、多文化的混合體。 5．Built_in_1873,_the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horsedrawn trams. 纜車系統(tǒng)建于1873年，該系統(tǒng)是由安德魯哈利迪發(fā)明的，他想找到一種比馬拉軌道車更好的交通方式。 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　完形中的短語(補(bǔ)全句子) 1．(2014山東高考完形填空)But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had applied_for (申請(qǐng)) a doctors licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was refused. 2．(2014湖北高考完形填空)During the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and live_on (靠……繼續(xù)生存) the little money my wife earned by substitute teaching. 高考采擷(二) 寫作中的短語和句式(補(bǔ)全句子/翻譯句子) 1．(2018江蘇高考書面表達(dá))當(dāng)在網(wǎng)上購物時(shí)，我過去常常通過咨詢消費(fèi)排名來做出一些選擇。 When shopping online, I used to make some choices by_means_of_consulting consumption ratings. 2．(2017北京高考書面表達(dá))這就是為什么我認(rèn)為沿著長江的旅行是一個(gè)更好的選擇。(thats why ...) Thats_why_I_think_the_trip_along_the_Yangtze_River_is_a_better_choice. 3．(2017天津高考書面表達(dá))除了我的學(xué)業(yè)之外，我總是設(shè)法找到時(shí)間去做我感興趣的事。 (what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句) Apart_from_my_academic_studies,_I_always_manage_to_find_time_for_what_Im_interested_in. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 [短語集釋] 1．by means of通過；用……辦法；借助…… [記牢] (1)by this means　　　　 用這種方法 by all means 當(dāng)然可以；沒問題 by no means 決不；一點(diǎn)也不(放句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝語序) (2)means n. 手段；方法 a means of ……的方式 [練通] 單句語法填空 ①We express our thoughts by means of words and body language. ②Only by this means (mean) is it possible to persuade him out of smoking. ③By no means is (be) this a good way to solve the problem. ④Every possible means has_been_tried(try), but none worked. [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ⑤(2018全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))你最好事先練習(xí)用筷子，這也是展示你良好的餐桌禮儀的一種方式。 And youd better practice using chopsticks in advance，which is also a means of showing your good table manners. 2．make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生 [記牢] (1)make/earn a/ones living　　　　 謀生 (2)live/lead a ...life 過著……生活 e (back) to life 蘇醒；變得活躍；恢復(fù)生氣 bring ... back to life 使……蘇醒過來；給……活力 [練通] 單句語法填空 ①She has been looking for parttime babysitting jobs these days to_make (make) a living. ②After the earthquake, the villagers tried their best to bring the village back to life. 補(bǔ)全句子 ③When Alice came_to_life,_she did not know how long she had been lying there. 當(dāng)愛麗絲蘇醒時(shí)，她不知道她已經(jīng)在那兒躺了多久。 [寫美]　改寫加彩部分 ④In the ing three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to adapt to your new life. →In the ing three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to make a life for yourself. 3．take in包括；吸收；理解；欺騙；收留 [辨清]　寫出下列句中take in的含義 ①He managed to rent a big enough house to take in some homeless people.收留 ②While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.吸收 ③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括 ④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by cheaters.欺騙 ⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解 [記牢] take off　　　　　 脫去(衣服等)；(飛機(jī)等)起飛；成功 take on 呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān) take up 拿起；開始從事；占據(jù)(時(shí)間、空間等) take over 接收；接管；接任；取代 [練通]　單句語法填空 ⑥In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look. ⑦Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. ⑧After taking over the pany from his father, he took in some advanced ideas and took on some experienced workers, which suggests that his pany will take off soon. [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ⑨(2017全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))我建議你提前了解唐代的歷史，這會(huì)幫助你更好地理解你要學(xué)的詩歌。 I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which will help you better take　in the poems to be learned. [句式集釋] This/That is why ...“這/那就是……的原因” [教材原句]　That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. [悟拓展例句] (1)(2015江蘇高考)The real reason why prices were, and still are, too high is plex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. (2)Seen from space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water. (3)Less is more.This is why we say: reduce things by half instead of doubling them. [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)this/that is because ...　 　這/那是因?yàn)椤? (2)this is the reason why ... 　這就是……的原因 (3)the reason why ... is that ... ……的原因是……(why引導(dǎo)定語從句) 注意事項(xiàng) 表語從句中的why，because以及that可根據(jù)“直譯法”去判斷，也就是語境當(dāng)中翻譯成“是因?yàn)椤本陀胋ecause，翻譯成“那就是為什么……”就用why，而如果翻譯成“是……”，在表語從句中多用that。 [背寫作佳句] (1)(2018全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))The reason why we choose this movie is that it represents the development of our beloved school, which is not only interesting but also meaningful. (開頭句) (2)(2017全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Thats why more and more people are interested in Tang Dynasty.(要點(diǎn)句) [詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.選詞填空 take in， by means of， mark out， keep up， team up with， make a life， apply for， a great many 1. A volleyball court had been marked_out on the grass for sport lovers. 2．—How did you make such rapid progress in your English? Do you have any secrets? —No. Only by_means_of hard working. 3．Mr. Brown sent an email to the manager, applying_for a job in the pany. 4．John preferred to go into business alone rather than team_up_with anyone else. 5．It is honorable to make_a_life with your hands while depending on others is a shame. 6．After seeing a_great_many homeless people in the streets, I thought I should do something for them. 7．He tended to work through his lunch hour in an effort to keep_up with his work. 8．Its said that nonsmokers who take_in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves. Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子 1. 人們普遍認(rèn)為書的影響是如此之大，以至于我們的父母總是鼓勵(lì)我們養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣，閱讀更多的書籍。(it作形式主語) It_is_monly_believed_that_the_influence_of_books_is_so_great that our parents always encourage us to form good habits of reading and to read more books. 2．科學(xué)家們最終到達(dá)了所謂的北極。(what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句) The scientists finally arrived in what_was_called_the_Arctic. 3. 被他的行為深深地感動(dòng)，她決心做一些事情回報(bào)社會(huì)。(過去分詞作狀語) Deeply_moved_by_what_he_did,_ she is determined to do something in reward for the society. 4．我讀了你對(duì)英語校報(bào)的改革方案，那就是我寫信發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)的原因。(why引導(dǎo)的表語從句) I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and thats why Im writing to voice my opinion. 5. 他們很可能更理解我們并給我們一些合理的建議。(it is likely that ...) _It_is_likely_that_they_can_understand_us_better and give us some reasonable advice. Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文分步寫作 假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Jack準(zhǔn)備到你居住的城市——成都來旅游，請(qǐng)你給他寫一封電子郵件介紹成都的情況，內(nèi)容包括： 1．城市的地位； 2．城市的歷史和人口； 3．景點(diǎn)和美食。 注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：武侯祠 Wuhou Temple Dear Jack， Im really glad that youre ing to Chengdu.Now let me tell you something about it.　 I hope youll enjoy your stay in Chengdu. Yours， Li Hua 第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點(diǎn) 1．審題：①文體：介紹信(地點(diǎn)介紹)?、谌朔Q：主要是第三人稱?、蹠r(shí)態(tài)：主要是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 2．本文由于開頭和結(jié)尾部分已給出，且中間部分所給3個(gè)要點(diǎn)也比較明確，按這3個(gè)要點(diǎn)構(gòu)思即可，不容易遺漏。 要點(diǎn)1：介紹成都這座城市的地位。 要點(diǎn)2：介紹成都的歷史、人口。 要點(diǎn)3：介紹成都的景點(diǎn)和美食(名勝古跡，火鍋和當(dāng)?shù)匦〕?。 要點(diǎn)1：成都是中國西南地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化中心。 Chengdu_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China. 要點(diǎn)2：它有2 300多年的悠久歷史。它的人口超過1 600萬。 It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years.It_has_a_population_of_more_than_16_million. 要點(diǎn)3－①：那里有許多名勝古跡。 There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest. 要點(diǎn)3－②：它因美味的火鍋和當(dāng)?shù)匦〕远劽? It_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks. 第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達(dá)更亮眼 為了使內(nèi)容更充實(shí)，我們需要對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行適度的拓展和升級(jí)。 1．要點(diǎn)1介紹成都時(shí)可以添加同位語“四川省的省會(huì)”。 2．要點(diǎn)2用介詞with表示伴隨合并升級(jí)。 3．要點(diǎn)3－①“有許多名勝古跡”可用such as來列舉詳細(xì)的景點(diǎn)名稱。 4．要點(diǎn)3－②可以添加地點(diǎn)狀語“在國內(nèi)外”。 5．在介紹完成都后可添加總結(jié)句“一旦你來這里，你將不想離開”。 拓展要點(diǎn)1：成都，四川省的省會(huì)，是中國西南地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化中心。(同位語) Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China. 升級(jí)要點(diǎn)2：它有2 300多年的悠久歷史，人口超過1 600萬。(with表示伴隨) It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than