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第八課時(shí)　名詞性從句 [感 悟 高 考] 1.Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017北京卷) A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever 答案　B　[whatever任何事；whoever任何人；whomever任何人；whichever無論哪個(gè)。句意：每年，任何一個(gè)做出最漂亮的風(fēng)箏的人將會(huì)在風(fēng)箏節(jié)獲獎(jiǎng)?？崭袼诓糠质侵髡Z從句，缺少主語，用連接代詞，根據(jù)意思可知是人獲獎(jiǎng)，故排除A、D，因?yàn)樾枰髦髡Z，只能用主格代詞who，故選B。] 2.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.(2017北京卷) A.why B.where C.how D.when 答案　B　[句意：Jane漫無目的地走在兩旁栽樹的街道上，不知道她將去往何方，根據(jù)語境可知此處是表地點(diǎn)的，故選B。] 3.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge.(2017江蘇卷) A.that B.which C.what D.how 答案　C　[“half of ________ it used to charge”是$20的同位語，即原來價(jià)格的一半是現(xiàn)在的$20；另外，of后跟名詞或名詞短語構(gòu)成介賓短語，所以，這里是賓語從句；賓語從句中的charge后面缺少賓語，所以用what來引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并充當(dāng)賓語從句中的賓語，故選C。句意：我們選擇這家賓館是因?yàn)橐煌砩系淖∷拶M(fèi)降到了20美元，這是該賓館過去要價(jià)的一半。] 4.She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017天津卷) A.when B.where C.whether D.what 答案　C　[句意：他問我是否已經(jīng)把書還給圖書館了，我承認(rèn)。我還沒有還。根據(jù)句意，故選C。] 5.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.(2016北京卷) A.However B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Wherever 答案　C　[句意：你的支持對(duì)我們很重要，無論你們做什么都會(huì)有幫助。從句動(dòng)詞do需要賓語，且引導(dǎo)主語從句，故用whatever。] [要 點(diǎn) 精 析] 名詞性從句指的是在主句中起的作用相當(dāng)于名詞的從句，主要包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 一、主語從句 1.引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that, whether/if；連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；連接副詞when, where, why, how, whenever等。 That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them. 從她們的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她們真是親姐妹。 What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. 影片中最打動(dòng)我的是父親對(duì)他兒子深深的愛。 2.主語從句一般放在句首，但有時(shí)也可用it作形式主語，而將主語從句移到句子的末尾。常見的句型： It＋be＋形容詞(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)＋that從句 It＋be＋名詞(短語)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)＋that從句 It＋be＋過去分詞(said/reported/decided/believed等)＋that從句 It＋不及物動(dòng)詞(seem, appear, happen等)＋that從句 It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. 盡管大約兩千名患者已經(jīng)服用了這種藥，但是它會(huì)帶來什么樣的副作用還不清楚。 It’s no surprise that our team has won the game. 我們隊(duì)獲勝一點(diǎn)都不令人吃驚。 It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday. 會(huì)議被推遲到下周一召開已經(jīng)定下來了。 二、賓語從句 1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that, whether, if；連接代詞what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；連接副詞when, where, why, how等；從句用陳述語序。 We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 我們?cè)S諾，任何參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)的人都有跟那個(gè)電影明星合影的機(jī)會(huì)。 I truly believe that beauty es from within. 我確信美來自內(nèi)在。(2015北京卷單選) 2.it作形式賓語的賓語從句 (1)一些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，則需要用it作形式賓語，而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后置。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。 He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他清楚地表明會(huì)議不會(huì)被推遲。 (2)動(dòng)詞hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜歡”、“厭惡”的動(dòng)詞以及一些動(dòng)詞短語see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的時(shí)候，我會(huì)確保把他照顧好。 3.當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱時(shí)，在think，believe，suppose，expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句若是否定的，就運(yùn)用否定轉(zhuǎn)移，將否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動(dòng)詞上。 I don’t believe she will attend the meeting. 我認(rèn)為她不會(huì)來參加該會(huì)議。 4.that, what引導(dǎo)賓語從句的區(qū)別 在賓語從句中，that沒有詞義，在從句中不作任何成分。當(dāng)從句意義完整，不缺任何成分時(shí)，往往選用that；而what引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，意為“什么”(有時(shí)候可以不譯)，在從句中用來作主語或賓語。 The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand. 你想用語言所傳達(dá)的信息可能與他人所理解的恰恰相反。 Galileo found that no matter how many times he tried the experiment, the result remained the same. 伽利略發(fā)現(xiàn)，不管他進(jìn)行多少次試驗(yàn)，結(jié)果都一樣。 三、表語從句 1.引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that, whether；連接代詞what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；連接副詞when, where, why, how等；從句用陳述語序。 Jerry did not regret giving the ment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. 杰里不后悔給出評(píng)論，但是覺得自己本來可以用不同的方法來表達(dá)的。 I’d like to start my own business — that’s what I’d do if I had the money. 我愿意自己創(chuàng)業(yè)——那就是如果我有錢將會(huì)做的事情。 2.as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句 as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句常跟在be動(dòng)詞，seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等動(dòng)詞之后。 The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 濃霧覆蓋著整座城市。好像把一個(gè)巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。 3.because, why引導(dǎo)的表語從句 because, why也可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但because引導(dǎo)的表語從句，主語不能是reason或cause (該結(jié)構(gòu)常用that引導(dǎo))。常用于以下句型： This/That is/was why...這/那是……的原因。 This/That is/was because...這/那是因?yàn)椤? The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是…… From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 從太空中看，地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娲蠹s71%被水覆蓋。 The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless. 他沒有通過考試的原因是他太粗心了。 四、同位語從句 同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，位于該名詞之后，用以說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 1.常見的后跟同位語從句的名詞有： advice 　建議 conclusion 結(jié)論 demand　要求 doubt 懷疑 fact 事實(shí) hope 希望 idea 主意 information 信息 message 消息 news 消息 order 命令 possibility 可能性 promise 諾言 question 問題 request 請(qǐng)求 suggestion 建議 thought 想法 plan 計(jì)劃 I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 我對(duì)自己承諾：今年，我高中的第一年，會(huì)有所不同。 —Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport? —No problem. ——你有可能到機(jī)場(chǎng)接我嗎？ ——沒問題。 2.引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞有：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。 Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 通過多年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：有證據(jù)表明孩子的早期睡眠問題很有可能會(huì)隨著他們的成長(zhǎng)繼續(xù)下去。 She asked a question why there was a delay. 她問了發(fā)生延誤的原因。 I have no idea when he will e back home. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回家。 [名師點(diǎn)津] 在同位語從句中，that, whether不作句子成分。that無實(shí)義，whether意為“是否”，if一般不引導(dǎo)同位語從句。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞一般都不能省略。 3.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 同位語從句用于解釋前面名詞的內(nèi)容，從句本身是一個(gè)非常完整的句子，引導(dǎo)詞that只起引導(dǎo)作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定語從句對(duì)其前的名詞即先行詞加以限制和修飾，從句本身不夠完整，因此關(guān)系詞在定語從句中通常作主語、賓語或表語等成分。 When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. (that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，that不可省略) 當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的消息傳來時(shí)，他決定參軍。 As a matter of fact, the news (that/which) he told me yesterday is true. (that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句，可以省略) 實(shí)際上，他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。 [解 題 策 略] 1.位置判斷法 根據(jù)名詞性從句的句子特點(diǎn)及其所處的位置，判斷出屬于哪一種從句，從而確定連詞的種類。 (1)________ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A.Whether B.What C.That D.How 答案　B　[句意：一些人眼中的缺點(diǎn)是別人眼中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。從句中缺賓語，只能用what來引導(dǎo)，that引導(dǎo)主語從句不作成分。] (2)One reason for her preference for city life is ________she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A.that B.how C.what D.why 答案　A　[系動(dòng)詞is之后是一表語從句，從句的結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用that引導(dǎo)。] 2.語序判斷法 一般來說，名詞性從句中(當(dāng)然不只是名詞性從句，其他從句也是如此)，從句的語序要用陳述語序。 When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know________. A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering 答案　B　[which引導(dǎo)的句子作know的賓語，句子用陳述語序。故B項(xiàng)為正確答案。] 3.句子成分分析法 看從句缺不缺成分，不缺就用that, whether/if，缺成分就用wh-類連接詞(包括how, because等)。 (1)We haven’t discussed yet ________ we are going to place our new furniture. A.that B.which C.what D.where 答案　D　[句意：我們還沒有討論把我們的新家具放在哪里。由句意知，discussed后面的賓語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，因此選擇D。] (2)As a new graduate, he doesn’t know ________ it takes to start a business here. A.how B.what C.when D.which 答案　B　[句意：作為一名新畢業(yè)生，他不知道需要什么才能在這里創(chuàng)業(yè)?？崭窈蟮膹木渲衪akes是動(dòng)詞，其后缺少賓語，所以引導(dǎo)該賓語從句的連接詞要用what。] [針 對(duì) 訓(xùn) 練] 1.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京卷) A.what B.that C.whether D.why 答案　B　[句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全免于塵埃。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知is后的表語從句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故用that引導(dǎo)表語從句。] 2.The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津卷) A.whether B.that C.which D.what 答案　B　[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明suggestion的具體內(nèi)容，且從句句意和句子成分完整，故用that。] 3.A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not________ships are built for.(2015安徽卷) A.what B.whom C.why D.when 答案　A　[句意：船停在港口里是很安全的，但這并非建造船的目的。is not后跟從句作表語，表語從句中的for后缺少賓語，用what引導(dǎo)，故選A。why和when是連接副詞，不能作賓語；whom指人。] 4.We must find out ________ Karl is ing，so we can book a room for him.(2015重慶卷) A.when B.how C.where D.why 答案　A　[句意：我們一定要搞清楚Karl什么時(shí)候來，以便我們給他訂房間。] 5.________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015北京卷) A.Where B.How C.Why D.When 答案　B　[句意：我們?cè)鯓永斫馐挛锱c我們所感覺到的東西有很大關(guān)系。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“________ we understand things”為主語從句，結(jié)合句意可知選B。] 6.________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it.(2015江蘇卷) A.That B.Why C.Where D.How 答案　C　[句意：李白，一個(gè)偉大的中國(guó)詩人，其出生地是眾所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它?！癢here Li Bai...was born”作該句子的主語，表示“李白出生的地方”。] 7.—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day.(2015福建卷) A.where B.how C.why D.if 答案　B　[句意：——我想知道瑪麗這些年是如何保持了那么好的身材?！ㄟ^每天鍛煉。根據(jù)答語By doing...可知問的是方式。] 8.The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.(北京卷) A.where B.when C.how D.why 答案　B　[句意：這位足球明星最好的時(shí)刻就是他射進(jìn)了決勝的一球的那一刻。因?yàn)榍懊嬗衜oment，所以根據(jù)表語從句的含義選擇when。] 9.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing ________ you’re afraid to do.(福建卷) A.that B.what C.how D.whether 答案　B　[句意：跌倒后再站起來。勇氣是做你不敢做的事情。這里含有一個(gè)賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作do的賓語，所以用what，故選B。] 10.We have offered him the position，but I don’t have the slightest idea________ he will accept it. A.how B.if C.whether D.that 答案　C　[句意：我們給他提供了這個(gè)職位，但是我一點(diǎn)兒都不知道他是否會(huì)接受這個(gè)職位。根據(jù)“I don’t have the slightest idea”可知，此處表示不確定，且連詞在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)成分，故選whether表示“是否”。if也可表示“是否”但一般不引導(dǎo)同位語從句。] 11.Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize________ diverse the American culture is. A.what B.how C.that D.where 答案　B　[句意：只有當(dāng)你親自來到紐約時(shí)，你才會(huì)意識(shí)到美國(guó)文化是多么多種多樣。根據(jù)“how＋adj./adv.＋主語＋其他部分”可知，應(yīng)選how。what一般修飾名詞，不符合題意和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。] 12.The young couple was having an argument about ________ turn it was to do the cooking. A.whose B.who C.when D.which 答案　A　[句意：這對(duì)夫婦正在爭(zhēng)論該輪到誰做飯了。whose引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作介詞about的賓語，whose在賓語從句中作定語修飾turn。] 13.________ you do will be right because you are a wise and responsible man. A.What B.Which C.Whichever D.Whatever 答案　D　[句意：無論你做什么事都是正確的，因?yàn)槟闶且晃挥兄腔矍邑?fù)責(zé)的人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，在從句中作賓語，再結(jié)合句意可知此處應(yīng)用Whatever。] 14.It is estimated that China has over 770 million 4G users，which doubles ________ it was in 2015. A.that B.which C.what D.how 答案　C　[句意：據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，中國(guó)有超過7億個(gè)4G手機(jī)用戶，總數(shù)是2015年的兩倍。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)賓語從句，且從句缺表語，故選what。]