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Unit 3 A taste of English humour ***閱讀理解。 The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species，tens of thousands of plants，and some 2 000 birds and mammals.To date，at least 40 000 plant species,3 000 fish,1 294 birds,427 mammals,428 amphibians，and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region.One in five of all the birds in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon. The warm wet forests have been in existence for 55 million years，and thrived even during glacial periods，allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species.Radiocarbon dating(放射性碳年代測定)has revealed trees of 10 centimeter diameter to be more than 300 years old，and some trees over 1 000 years old，indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity. The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11 200 years ago.European explorers arrived in the 16th century，bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)．By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers. The Amazon rainforest has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen.But due to deforestation(采伐森林)，rainforests now cover less than 5% of the Earths land surface，and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change.Severe deforestation began in the 20th century，with 587 000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000.Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture.The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% in two decades. 1．Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To prove the forest untouched. B．To classify species scientifically. C．To show the diversity of species. D．To attract more attention to Amazon. 2．Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die? A．European explorers brought diseases there. B．Portuguese explorers treated them badly. C．A lot of trees were cut down and burned. D．They got killed by Spanish explorers. 3．What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest? A．It has the largest number of species. B．It covers over 5% of South America. C．It is being larger in area. D．It is being endangered now. 4．What may be included in the following paragraph? A．Examples of destroying forests. B．Measures to protect rainforests. C．New settlements in Amazon. D．Ways to stop global warming. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了亞馬遜熱帶雨林正面臨消失的危險(xiǎn)。 1．C　目的意圖題。通讀全文可知，第一段提到昆蟲、植物和動(dòng)物等物種的數(shù)量，是為了表明亞馬遜熱帶雨林物種的多樣性。故答案選C。 2．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。European explorers arrived in the 16th century, bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)．(第三段第二句) 譯文：十六世紀(jì)，歐洲探險(xiǎn)家來到這里，帶來了疾病，這些疾病的傳播速度比探險(xiǎn)家前行的腳步還要快，大約使多達(dá)90%的土著居民死亡。 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，歐洲探險(xiǎn)家把疾病帶到亞馬遜地區(qū)，導(dǎo)致大多數(shù)土著居民死亡。故答案選A。 3．D　推理判斷題。The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rain forest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.(最后一段最后一句) 譯文：運(yùn)輸路線的增加導(dǎo)致了定居點(diǎn)和濫伐森林的增加，根據(jù)目前的速度，科學(xué)家估計(jì)亞馬遜熱帶雨林在二十年內(nèi)將減少40%。 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可推知，亞馬遜熱帶雨林正面臨消失的危險(xiǎn)。故答案選D。 4．B　推理判斷題。最后一段主要介紹了由于濫伐森林，亞馬遜熱帶雨林覆蓋率在下降，正面臨消失的危險(xiǎn)；由此可推知，文章接下來應(yīng)是針對這種情況介紹如何保護(hù)亞馬遜熱帶雨林。故答案選B。 亮點(diǎn)句積累：The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rain forest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.(最后一段最后一句) 譯文：運(yùn)輸路線的增加導(dǎo)致了定居點(diǎn)和濫伐森林的增加，根據(jù)目前的速度，科學(xué)家估計(jì)亞馬遜熱帶雨林在二十年內(nèi)將減少40%。 ***語法填空。 Tyler Thompson is __1__ unlikely star in the world of Peking opera. The 15yearold from Oakland has fascinated audiences in the US and China with his ability __2__ (sing) pitchperfect Mandarin (普通話) and perform the ancient Chinese art form. The teen,__3__ is black and only speaks some basic Chinese, has been praised by teachers since he __4__ (pick) up the music as a kindergartener. “As soon as he opens __5__ (he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel very proud of him，” said his music teacher. “When he puts on the costume and all the acting, you can see that he is pretty good.” Tyler has learned to sing several wellknown pieces of Peking opera, a centuriesold form of musical theater __6__ (know) for its highly structured costumes, changing gongs (鑼) and cymbals (鈸), wideranging voices and highly stylized __7__ (move). Tyler got __8__ (stand) cheers when he performed __9__ Justice Bao, a famous Song Dynasty judge who fought corruption, from the Chinese classic BaoQing Tian. “The music is very beautiful, and its very passionate，” said Tyler. “Its made me __10__ (want) to know more about the world outside of America or California or Oakland.” 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)擅長表演京劇的外國青少年的故事。 1．a(chǎn)n　考查冠詞。star是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在文章中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，表泛指；形容詞unlikely的讀音以元音音素開頭，故用an。 2．to sing　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。ability to do sth. “做某事的能力”，為固定搭配，故用不定式作后置定語。 3．who　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。所填關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞The teen，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故填關(guān)系代詞who。 4．picked　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。since意為“自從”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，從句常用一般過去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 5．his　考查代詞。根據(jù)語境mouth和主語he可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞his修飾名詞mouth，在句子中作定語。 6．known　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。know和句子謂語之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且know和其邏輯主語Peking opera是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。 7．movements　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)and可知，此處與名詞voices呼應(yīng)，應(yīng)用所給詞的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，即movements。 8．standing　考查形容詞。由空后的名詞cheers可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞，standing意為“站著進(jìn)行的”，表示Tyler得到了(觀眾的)起立歡呼。 9．a(chǎn)s　考查介詞。此處as意為“作為”，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，與performed呼應(yīng)，表示扮演的角色，符合語境。 10．want　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。make sb. do sth. “讓某人做某事”，應(yīng)用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，故填want。 ***完形填空。 I used to believe courtesy(禮儀) was a thing of the past.Very seldom have I e across 1 human beings in this modern era of the socalled Generation X. Recently，I had to change my thinking，when I came 2 with just such a human being.I had gone to a fashionable 3 place，with my two 4 . The place was crowded with the usual 5 crowd and we had to climb a steep flight of stairs in order to find a(n) 6 table.After enjoying coffee and snacks，we were at the steep descent(下來) down the stairs，where the 7 space made climbing down very difficult，with hardly any space for another person to climb up or e down. 8 I was in the middle of my descent，a man 9 the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the 10 . I was sure I would be 11 roughly by this man who wanted to go up in a hurry.I 12 ing down as fast as I could，holding onto the banister(欄桿)．My daughters were already down， 13 me worriedly，hoping I would reach them soon. Nearly reaching them，I noticed the man 14 standing near the door.I reached my daughters and 15 the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open.I looked back thinking he was still 16 the door，deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place.I 17 him going up the stairs，two at a time.I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt 18 that we did not even thank the gentleman who was 19 holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up. We applauded his good manners for 20 ，waiting for us to e down before going up himself and also holding the main entrance door open for us to go out.Till date，I remember this gentleman. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。在擁擠的咖啡館，一位非常有禮貌的紳士一直在門口等作者下樓并開著門以方便作者她們出去，之后自己才上樓。作者對這一行為表示了感激與贊賞。 1．A.polite　　　　　　　 B．educated C．stubborn D．honest A　解析：A項(xiàng)意為“有禮貌的”；B項(xiàng)意為“受過教育的”；C項(xiàng)意為“固執(zhí)的”；D項(xiàng)意為“誠實(shí)的”。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“courtesy(禮儀) was a thing of the past”可知，“我”很少遇見有禮貌的人。故選A。 2．A.neck to neck B．hand in hand C．face to face D．step by step C　解析：A項(xiàng)意為“并駕齊驅(qū)，不分上下”；B項(xiàng)意為“手挽手”；C項(xiàng)意為“面對面”；D項(xiàng)意為“逐步地，漸漸地”。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，“我們”是面對面遇見的。故選C。 3．A.fish　　 B．fruit C．coffee　　　 D．flower C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“After enjoying coffee and snacks”可知，“我”去了一個(gè)咖啡館。故選C。 4．A.colleagues B．daughters C．friends D．students B　解析：根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“My daughters were already down”可知，“我”帶著兩個(gè)女兒。故選B。 5．A.angry B．worried C．nervous　　 D．loud D　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“The place was crowded”可推斷，這個(gè)地方人多嘈雜。D項(xiàng)意為“喧鬧的”，符合語境。故選D。 6．A.empty B．wooden C．clean D．window A　解析：A項(xiàng)意為“空的”；B項(xiàng)意為“木制的”；C項(xiàng)意為“干凈的”；D項(xiàng)意為“窗戶”。根據(jù)上文中的“crowded”以及“我們”上樓梯可知，“我們”是為了尋找一個(gè)空桌。故選A。 7．A.open B．vast C．private D．narrow D　解析：A項(xiàng)意為“開闊的”；B項(xiàng)意為“巨大的”；C項(xiàng)意為“私人的”；D項(xiàng)意為“狹窄的”。根據(jù)下文中的“made climbing down very difficult，with hardly any space for another person to climb up or e down”可知，樓梯很狹窄，所以下樓很困難。故選D。 8．A.Unless B．Whenever C．As D．Since C　解析：句意為：當(dāng)我下樓梯下到一半時(shí)，一個(gè)人走進(jìn)了餐廳……根據(jù)上下分句之間的關(guān)系可知，此處應(yīng)用as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。故選C。 9．A.left B．entered C．noticed D．ignored B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此人應(yīng)是走進(jìn)餐廳的正門。故選B。 10．A.table B．crowd C．restaurant D．stairs D　解析：根據(jù)上下文語境可知，餐廳的正門就在樓梯的前面。故選D。 11．A.pushed B．lifted C．pressed D．placed A　解析：A項(xiàng)意為“推”；B項(xiàng)意為“舉起”；C項(xiàng)意為“擠壓”；D項(xiàng)意為“放置”。根據(jù)語境可知，因?yàn)闃翘莺塥M窄，所以“我”認(rèn)為這個(gè)男人上樓時(shí)肯定會(huì)粗魯?shù)財(cái)D“我”。故選A。 12．A.stopped B．kept C．a(chǎn)voided D．suggested B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，為了避免被擠，“我”盡可能地繼續(xù)下樓梯。keep doing sth.意為“繼續(xù)做某事”，符合語境。故選B。 13．A.looking after B．looking around C．looking down on D．looking up at D　解析：A項(xiàng)意為“照顧”；B項(xiàng)意為“朝四周看”；C項(xiàng)意為“看不起”；D項(xiàng)意為“向上看，抬頭看”。根據(jù)本句中的“My daughters were already down”可知，女兒們已經(jīng)下樓，“我”還在樓梯上，因此，女兒們應(yīng)是抬頭看“我”。故選D。 14．A.often B．seldom C．still D．even C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“我”快下完樓時(shí)，這個(gè)男人還站在門口。故選C。 15．A.passed B．struck C．helped D．scolded A　解析：句意為：我來到女兒們旁邊，與這個(gè)陌生男人在門口擦肩而過，而他一直為我們開著門。故選A。 16．A.on B．a(chǎn)t C．in D．beyond B　解析：此處表示“在門口”，應(yīng)用介詞at。故選B。 17．A.heard B．prevented C．saw D．caught C　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“I looked back”可知，此處表示“我”看到的景象。故選C。 18．A.ashamed B．happy C．relieved D．surprised A　解析：A項(xiàng)意為“感到愧疚(或遺憾)的”；B項(xiàng)意為“高興的”；C項(xiàng)意為“松了一口氣的”；D項(xiàng)意為“吃驚的”。根據(jù)本句中的“we did not even thank the gentleman”可知，“我們”因沒有感謝這位先生而感到遺憾。故選A。 19．A.gradually B．a(chǎn)ctually C．finally D．immediately B　解析：根據(jù)上文語境可知，“我”原以為這個(gè)男人等在門口是在決定是進(jìn)去還是尋找另一個(gè)人少的地方，現(xiàn)在知道他實(shí)際上是在為“我們”開著門，等“我們”出去。B項(xiàng)意為“實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上”，符合語境。故選B。 20．A.all B．either C．none D．both D　解析：下文介紹了這個(gè)人兩個(gè)有禮貌的行為，所以此處應(yīng)用both，意為“兩者都”。故選D。 ***短文改錯(cuò)。 As the saying goes, chance favored the prepared mind. I learned this from one of my experience. I was not chosen as member of the volleyball team of our school. Because of this, I decided to give up play volleyball. Luckily, my best friend stopped me but pointed out that it was my laziness and poor preparation which led to my failure. After that, I practiced playing volleyball on every day. When another chance of trying out arrived, I was full prepared and tried my best. As a result, I was selected and became an important player on our school team. From this, I am firmly convincing that we are able to seize a chance as long as I get well prepared. 答案： As the saying goes, chance the prepared mind. I learned this from one of my . I was not chosen as member of the volleyball team of our school. Because of this, I decided to give up volleyball. Luckily, my best friend stopped me pointed out that it was my laziness and poor preparation led to my failure. After that, I practiced playing volleyball every day. When another chance of trying out arrived, I was prepared and tried my best. As a result, I was selected and became an important player on our school team. From this, I am firmly that we are able to seize a chance as long as get well prepared. 難項(xiàng)分析： 第五處：but→and　考查連詞。本句中，“stopped”和“pointed out”共同作句子的謂語，為并列關(guān)系，故改but為and。 第六處：which→that　考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。本句中賓語從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是my laziness and poor preparation；強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為It is/was ... that/who ...，故改which為that。 第九處：convincing→convinced　考查形容詞。convinced表示人“信服的”；convincing表示事物“令人信服的”。此處構(gòu)成“Sb. be firmly convinced that從句”句型，意為“某人堅(jiān)信……”，故改convincing為convinced。 ***