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Unit 1 Living well (一)課前自主學習 Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．hearing n．　　　　　　　 聽力；聽覺 2．eyesight n. _視力 3．dictation n. 口授；聽寫(的文字) 4．entry n. 項目；進入；入口 5．clumsy adj. 笨拙的 6．firm n. 公司 adj. 結實的；堅固的；堅定的 7．software n. 軟件 8．psychology n. 心理(學) 9．psychologically adv. 心理(學)地；精神上地 10．architect n. 建筑師 11．abolish vt. 廢除；廢止 12．literature n. 文學(作品)；著作；文獻 13．panion n. 同伴；伙伴 14．dignity n. 尊嚴；高貴的品質 Ⅱ.重點單詞——————寫其形 1．noisy adj. 吵鬧的；嘈雜的 2．outgoing adj. 外向的；友好的；外出的；離開的 3．adapt vt. 使適應；改編 4．fellow adj. 同伴的；同類的 n. 同伴；同志；伙伴 5．conduct_ n. 行為；品行 vt. 指揮；管理；主持 6．graduation n. 畢業(yè)；畢業(yè)典禮 7．handy adj. 方便的；有用的 8．munity n. 社區(qū)；團體；社會 9．profit_ n. 收益；利潤；盈利 10．resign vi.&vt. 辭職；辭去(工作、職位等) 11．adequate adj. 足夠的；充分的 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．suitable adj.適合的；適宜的→suit v．適合 n．西服；套裝 2．beneficial adj.有益的；受益的→benefit n．優(yōu)勢；益處 v．對……有益 3．disability n．傷殘；無力；無能；殘疾→disabled adj.傷殘的→disable v．使殘疾；使失去能力→able adj.有能力的→enable v．使能夠→ability n．能力[縱聯(lián)1] 4．ambition n．雄心；野心→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的[縱聯(lián)2] 5．absence n．缺席；不在某處→absent adj.缺席的；不在的 6．annoy vt.使……不悅；惹惱→annoyed adj.頗為生氣的→annoying adj.使人煩惱的→annoyance n．煩惱[縱聯(lián)3] 7．encouragement n．鼓勵；獎勵→encourage v．鼓勵；鼓舞→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的→discourage v．阻止；使灰心→courage n．勇氣；膽量 8．assistance n．協(xié)助；援助→assist v．幫助；援助→assistant n．助手 9．congratulate vt.祝賀；慶賀→congratulation n．祝賀；賀詞 10．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性 v．到達→accessible adj.可接近的；可進入的；可使用的[縱聯(lián)4] 11．approval n．贊成；認可→approve v．支持；贊成；同意→disapprove v．不贊成[縱聯(lián)5] 縱聯(lián)1.“dis”前綴表示“不；非；相反；相對” ①disability n．傷殘；無能　 　　 ②discourage v．阻止；使灰心 ③disfort n．&v.(使)不舒服 ④disappear v．消失 ⑤disadvantage n．不利條件 ⑥dishonest adj.不誠實的 縱聯(lián)2.“目標、夢想、抱負”不可少 ①ambition n．雄心；野心 ②purpose n．目的；意圖 ③target n．目標；對象 ④dream n．夢想 ⑤aim n．&v.目標；目的 ⑥goal n．目標 縱聯(lián)3.真的“生氣”了 ①annoy vt.使……不悅 ②explode v．勃然大怒 ③mad/crazy adj.氣憤的 ④angry adj. 生氣的 ⑤anger n. 生氣 ⑥upset v．使生氣 縱聯(lián)4.看我們“雙胞胎”兄弟像不像 ①access (到達)→assess (評估) ②flash (閃光)→flesh (肉體) ③expect (期待)→expert (專家) ④divorce (離婚)→diverse (不同的) ⑤aboard (在船上)→abroad (在國外) ⑥adapt (改編；使適應)→adopt (采納；收養(yǎng)) 縱聯(lián)5.以“val”結尾的名詞 ①approve→approval 贊成 ②remove→removal 移除 ③arrive→arrival 到達 ④survive→survival 生存 單元話題——生活態(tài)度 子話題1　積極的生活態(tài)度 ①positive adj. 積極樂觀的 ②determined adj. 堅定的 ③independent adj. 獨立的 ④optimistic adj. 樂觀的 ⑤generous adj. 慷慨的；寬宏大量的 ⑥diligent adj. 勤奮的 ⑦confident adj. 自信的，確信的 ⑧dedicated/devoted adj. 有奉獻精神的 子話題2　消極的生活態(tài)度 ①worried adj. 悶悶不樂的，焦慮的 ②indifferent adj. 漠不關心的 ③pessimism n. 悲觀，悲觀主義 ④depressed adj. 消沉的 ⑤gloomy adj. 令人沮喪的，陰郁的 ⑥pessimistic adj. 悲觀的 ⑦negative adj. 消極的 ⑧unconcerned adj. 不關心的 [學考對接活學活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應用 1．(2018全國卷Ⅱ閱讀D)Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have promised conversational intelligence.Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its 　?　 (annoy) and unnecessary.But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble.Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits?. ①用annoy的正確形式填空：annoying，該單詞的另一個形容詞為annoyed，意為“惱火的” ②寫出benefit在本單元的同根形容詞：beneficial，該形容詞相當于be of benefit 2．(2016浙江高考任務型閱讀)As a firstyear, I was afraid to make any 　?　 (noisy) towards campus issues that I noticed. It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President. During my first quarter, I spoke directly to the Chancellor (校長), asking him for support towards my initiatives (提議), met with the Vice Chancellors, and cooperated with my teaching assistants? to begin my undergraduate research project. Nothing good will happen when you are silent. ①用noisy的適當形式填空：noise ②寫出加彩詞在本單元中的同根名詞：assistance，同樣表達“幫助”的單詞還有aid, help等 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應用 (根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子) 1．(2018北京高考書面表達)我告訴他們飲茶對身體有益，并且鼓勵他們學習怎樣制作茶。(beneficial, encourage) I_told_them_that_drinking_tea_is_beneficial_to_our_health_and_encouraged_them_to_learn_how_to_make_tea. 2．(2018全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)我們不僅有機會免費學籃球課程，而且我們學校也會舉辦各種各樣的體育比賽。(access) Not_only_do_we_have_free_access_to_basketball_courses,_but_also_our_school_holds_various_kinds_of_sports_petitions. (二)課堂重點釋疑 1．adapt vt.使適應；改編 [記牢] (1)adapt to　　　　　　　 適應/適合…… adapt oneself to 使自己適應…… adapt ...to do ... 調整……以做…… (2)adapt ...from 根據(jù)……改編…… adapt ...for 把……改寫/改編成…… (3)adaptation n. 適應；改編；改寫本 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①Thirdculture kids may not be able to adapt themselves (they) pletely to their new surroundings as expected. ②Adapted (adapt) from J．K.Rowlings book series of the same title, the “Harry Potter” movies are universally acknowledged as classics. ③The famous expert adapted his speech to_suit (suit) the interests of his audience. ④Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday. [寫美]　翻譯句子 ⑤(2018北京高考書面表達)參加一些網(wǎng)絡漢語口語課程可幫助你適應漢語的語言環(huán)境。 Taking_some_online_courses_of_spoken_Chinese_can_be_helpful_for_you_to_adapt_to_the_Chinese_language_environment. 2．absence n．缺席；不在某處 [記牢] (1)absence from　　　　　 缺席；不在 absence of mind 心不在焉 in ones absence 某人不在時 in the absence of 不在；缺少 (2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 be absent from 不參加；缺席 absentminded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①(2017全國卷Ⅲ)In the _absence (absent) of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. ②What I failed to expect was that several students were absent (absence) from such an important exam. [寫美]　補全句子 ③(201711月浙江高考寫作)如果媽媽不那么健忘的話，我們不會那么麻煩，一次次回來。 If_Mom_hadnt_been_that_absentminded,_it would have saved us the trouble of going back again and again. 3．annoy vt.使……不悅；惹惱 [記牢] (1)annoyed adj.　　　　　　 頗為生氣的；惱火的 be annoyed with sb. 對某人生氣 be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生氣 (2)annoying adj. 使人煩惱的 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①I did get a bit annoyed (annoy) because we had cheese sandwiches every lunchtime. ②The boss was annoyed with him because he was often late for work this month. ③(2016天津高考)It was really annoying (annoy); I couldnt get access to the data bank you had remended. ④I was annoyed at/about his attitude towards the thing. [寫美]　補全句子 ⑤(2016江蘇高考書面表達)說實話，選民有時候感到煩惱，不是因為他們討厭投票，而是因為他們在情感和公平之間存在分歧。 To_be_honest,_voters_sometimes_feel_annoyed,_not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. 4．conduct n．行為；品行 vt.指揮；管理；主持 [記牢] (1)improper/violent conduct　　　 不恰當?shù)?暴力的行為 conduct of sth. ……的管理/經營方式 (2)conduct sb. around 帶領某人參觀 conduct an experiment 做實驗 conduct a concert 指揮音樂會 conduct a survey/an investigation 開展調查 conduct oneself 表現(xiàn)；為人 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①(20186月浙江高考)The easiest way to acplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself_as a good neighbor should. ②They needed a dependable legal environment for the conduct of their business. ③(20166月浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study conducted (conduct) in Australia in 2012.　　　　　 [用準]　conduct oneself 指的是一個人的舉止和行為表現(xiàn)，可好可差，而behave oneself意為“表現(xiàn)得體，有禮貌”，兩者之間是有一定差別的。 [寫美]　 句式升級 ④(2015廣東高考寫作)Last month, some researchers made a new study about DNA Test, and it appeared in the foreign medical field. →A new study about DNA Test _conducted_by_some_researchers last month appeared in the foreign medical field.(過去分詞作后置定語) 5．congratulate vt.祝賀；慶賀 [記牢] (1)congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.　 就……向某人祝賀 congratulate ...for ... 因……而祝賀…… (2)congratulation n. 祝賀；賀詞；恭喜 (常用復數(shù)) congratulations to sb.on sth. 祝賀某人某事 express/send/offer congratulations to sb.on/for sth. 因某事祝賀某人 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①Wele to China, and congratulate for your new pany in Shanghai being set up! ②—I got that job I wanted at the public library. —Congratulations (congratulate)！Thats good news. ③I would like to express my congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of the English speech contest. [用準]　congratulation在用作名詞時，常常要用復數(shù)形式。 [寫美]　翻譯句子 ④祝賀你在學習漢語方面取得大的進步。 Congratulations_on_your_making_great_progress_in_learning_Chinese. 6．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性 vt.存取；訪問 [辨清]　寫出下列句中access的詞性和含義 ①To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use puters a lot. n．可接近性 ②The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. n．通路 ③He accessed three different files to find the correct information. vt.訪問 [記牢] (1)have/get/gain (no) access to　 有(沒有)……的機會；可以(無法)獲取/進入/接近 give access to 準許進入(接近) (2)accessible adj.　　 　 可接近的；可進入的；可使用的 be accessible to　　　 　　　 可接近；可靠近；可使用 [練通]　單句語法填空 ④(2018江蘇高考)Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see. ⑤He put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be accessible (access) to the kids. [用準]　access的本意是“進入某一地點的通道或者入口”，側重于進入的手段和途徑，其含義是抽象的，一般用作不可數(shù)名詞，常與介詞to連用，且access和accessible短語中的to都是介詞。此外，access在計算機術語中，可用作動詞，意為“訪問；存取”；其他情況下作動詞時，意為“到達；使用；進入”。 [寫美]　 補全句子 ⑥(2018北京高考書面表達)鑒于你對中國文化很感興趣，我建議你申請北京大學，在那里你可以接觸到最好的中國文化。 Considering your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, where_you_can_gain_access_to_the_best_Chinese_culture. [詞匯過關綜合訓練]　 　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．It was my classmates fort and encouragement (鼓勵) that helped me bee confident. 2．Experts think that your personality can even affect how you exercise and influence what sports are suitable (適合的) for you. 3．Callari has never worked with someone with a disability (殘疾) before. 4．At the graduation (畢業(yè)) ceremony, just as she expected，she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and confidence. 5．I cant agree to anything without my partners _approval (贊成)． 6．The teacher punished the noisy_ (吵鬧的) children by making them stay after school. 7．Her husbands talking with full food in his mouth always annoys (使……不悅) me. 8．The young assistant often gives us timely assistance (協(xié)助) in preparing tools for experiments. 9．She requested the munity (社區(qū)) to turn this house into a shelter upon her death. 10．Children whose friends are outgoing (外向的) will gradually take on optimistic personality over time. Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．She also knew from previous work conducted (conduct) on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time. 2．I received some emails of_congratulations (congratulate) from my friends on my birthday. 3．In addition, the progress in acquiring cultures contributes to broadening ones horizons, which in turn is_beneficial (benefit) to ones study. 4．His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more _ambitious (ambition) and serious than his earlier books. 5．As an old saying goes, “Happiness is not the absence (absent) of problems, but the ability to deal with them.” 6．All the rooms in this building are so well designed that they are accessible (access) to the disabled. 7．In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film adapted from it. 8．What you have acted shows the position is not suitable for someone like you.In other words, you have lost the chance. Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補全句子 1．在這個貧困地區(qū)實施希望工程之前，孩子們無法接受教育。(access) Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had_no_access_to_education. 2．大學畢業(yè)后，我逐漸使自己適應了獨立生活。(adapt) After graduation from college, I gradually_adapted_myself_to_living on my own. 3．警察沒有證據(jù)，只好把約翰遜放了。 (absence) In_the_absence_of_any_evidence,_the police had to let Johnson go. 4．讓我最生氣的是，昨天發(fā)生那樣的事，竟沒有收到一句道歉。(annoy) What_annoyed_me_most was that I received no apology for what happened yesterday. 5．我們已經決定對這一現(xiàn)象進行一次徹底的調查。(conduct) We have decided_to_conduct_a_thorough_survey about this phenomenon. Ⅳ.語境辨義 根據(jù)語境選出conduct的詞性和詞義 1．My friend went home, leaving me to conduct the band.__B__ 2．He conducted himself far better than expected.__E__ 3．Under the conduct of his teacher, he is not what he used to be.__A__ 4．In addition to acquiring and testing a vehicle, the investigators decided to conduct a survey.__D__ 5．Having been conducted around the library, the visitors were shown the painting exhibition.__C__ (一)課前自主學習 1．in_other_words　　　　　　　 換句話說 2._adapt_to 適合；適應 [串記1] 切去；省略；停止(做某事) [串記2] 上氣不接下氣 [串記3] 總而言之 6．sit_around 閑坐著 7．as_well_as 和；也 8．in_many_ways 在很多方面 9．make_fun_of 取笑 10．never_mind 不必擔心；沒關系 11．all_the_best (口語)(祝你)一切順利 12．meet_with 遇到；經歷；會晤 13．rather_than 而不是 [同根短語串記] 串記1.一刀“cut”掉 ①cut out 切去；省略；停止 ②cut off 切斷；隔斷；斷絕 ③cut in 插入；插話；插隊 ④cut down 砍倒；削減；壓縮 ⑤cut up 切碎；割碎；剪碎 串記2.不在狀態(tài)的“out of＋n.” ①out of breath 上氣不接下氣 ②out of control 失控 ③out of date 過時 ④out of fashion 不再流行 ⑤out of order 出毛病 ⑥out of work 失業(yè) ⑦out of sight 看不見 ⑧out of question 沒問題；無疑 ⑨out of the question 不可能的 串記3.“all”短語大集會 ①all in all 總而言之 ②all the best 一切順利 ③all the same 盡管如此 ④above all 首先；最重要的是 ⑤all at once 立刻；馬上 ⑥all of a sudden 突然 ⑦after all 畢竟；終究 1．try to overe these difficulties 　 盡力克服這些困難 2．used to_climb trees 過去常常爬樹 3．do sth.with_dignity 有尊嚴地做某事 4．find it worthwhile/meaningful 發(fā)現(xiàn)這很有意義 5．bee_more independent 變得更加獨立 6．live a normal life 過著正常的生活 7．have trouble_hearing 聽力有困難 1．Sometimes, too, I was_too_weak_to_go_to_school so my education suffered. 有時，我的身體很虛弱，以至于不能去上學，因此我的學習受到了影響。 2．I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling_sorry_for_myself. 我的生活很充實，沒有時間閑坐著顧影自憐。 3．Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as_rich_and_full_a_life_as_you do. 接受他們，給予他們鼓勵，讓他們能像你一樣過得豐富多彩、充實美滿。 4．For disabled customers it_would_be_more_convenient_to_place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema. 在影院入口處的附近安置廁所會讓殘疾人感覺更加方便。 [學考對接活學活用] 高考采擷(一)　完形中的短語(詞匯替換/補全句子) 1．(2015天津高考完形填空)Surprisingly, they didnt laugh at us.They renewed their offer instead.(用本單元短語替換加彩短語)make_fun_of_ 2．(2010湖北高考完形填空)He taught her how to rely on her other senses, specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt_to_her_new_environment (適應她的新環(huán)境)． 高考采擷(二) 寫作中的短語和句式(詞匯升級/翻譯句子) 1．(2018全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which pingpong, football and running petitions enjoy great popularity.(用本單元的短語升級加彩單詞)as_well_as 2．(2018全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)首先，你提前20分鐘到更好，這樣，你能幫助主人準備晚宴。(it作形式主語，現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語) To_begin_with,_it_would_be_better_to_arrive_20_minutes_earlier,_allowing_you_to_help_the_host_prepare_the_dinner. (二)課堂重點釋疑 [短語集釋] 1．in other words 換句話說 [記牢] word es/came that ...　　 有消息傳來說…… in a word 總之；簡言之 keep ones word 遵守諾言 break ones word 失信；不守諾言 have a word with ... 與……談一談 have words with ... 與……爭吵 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①Word came that Linda won first place in the English petition yesterday. ②She hoped he would keep his word.But her hope was a fragile thing. [用準]　(1)keep/break ones word中的word 要用單數(shù)形式。(2)注意“與某人談一談”是“have a word with sb.”，而用“words”，就變成了“爭吵”。 [寫美]　翻譯句子 ③總之，我相信未來我的生活會更加富有、更加多姿多彩。 In_a_word,_I_believe_my_life_will_be_much_richer_and_more_colorful_in_the_future. ④(20186月浙江高考寫作)我們不知道身在何處。也就是說，我們根本回不到原來那條路上。 We_had_no_idea_where_we_were._In_other_words,_we_couldnt_get_back_along_the_original_track_at_all. 2．out of breath 上氣不接下氣 [記牢] (1)hold ones breath　　　　　　 屏住呼吸 catch ones breath 喘息；恢復正常呼吸 lose ones breath 喘不過氣來 take a deep breath 深呼吸 (2)breathe v. 呼吸 [練通]　 選用上述短語填空 ①(2018北京高考)By mile 17, I became out_of_breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. ②He entered the house, but soon had to run back to catch_his_breath. ③Take_a_deep_breath,_and then you may feel relaxed. ④We all held_our_breath while Mr. Evans announced the exam results. [寫美]　翻譯句子 ⑤大約兩小時后，我們都到了山頂。盡管(累得)上氣不接下氣，然而我們看到了美麗的風景。 About_2_hours_later,_we_all_reached_the_top.Though_out_of_breath,_we_were_rewarded_with_beautiful_scenery. [句式集釋] 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語 [教材原句]　I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling_sorry_for_myself. [悟拓展例句] (1)(2018全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon, lasting_2_hours,_from 4：00 to 6：00. 這部影片將在本周日下午放映，持續(xù)兩個小時，從4：00到6：00。 (2)(2017天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing_more_patients_to_be_treated. 近期這個醫(yī)院得到了新的醫(yī)療設備，使得更多的病人得到治療。 (3)Class being over, the children went home. 一放學，孩子們就回家了。 (4)The work done,_we went home. 工作完成后，我們就回家了。 [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結果、方式或伴隨情況等，可相當于一個狀語從句。如：Finding the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. ＝As/Because she found the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. (2)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語，含有一般式(doing)，完成式(having done)以及完成被動式(having been done)。(3)一般情況下，現(xiàn)在或過去分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，如果作狀語的分詞的邏輯主語不和句子主語一致，分詞就要帶上自己的邏輯主語，構成分詞獨立結構。 注意事項 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，如果表示否定，not放在現(xiàn)在分詞前面。(2)是用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語的關鍵是要分清與邏輯主語之間的關系，是主動還是被動，其次就是分清楚其動作和謂語動詞動作的先后關系。 [背寫作佳句] (1)(2018北京高考書面表達)Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really absorbed in charming tea culture.(要點句) (2)(2018天津高考書面表達)Knowing you have just won first place in the Robotics petition, I would like to invite you to join us.(要點句) [詞塊、句式過關綜合訓練]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.選詞填空 in other words， out of breath， adapt to， cut out， all in all， as well as， in many ways， make fun of， never mind， meet with 1．—Im sorry for keeping you waiting. —Never_mind.I have been here only a few minutes. 2．Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard; in_other_words,_you failed. 3．Jim likes being praised by others, but dislikes being made_fun_of. 4．Scientists think life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in_many_ways. 5．Most students have a little difficulty in adapting_to the social life after graduating from university. 6．When the children climbed up to the top of the mountain, they were all out_of_breath. 7．You can cut_out the unimportant details when reading through the article. 8．Not until he met_with the difficulty did he realize the importance of team work. 9．All_in_all,_traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges. 10．It is a great honor as_well_as a pleasure for me to be praised by the teacher publicly before my classmates. Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補全句子 1．說實在地，他很固執(zhí)，你說服不了他和我們一起去。(too ... to ...) To be honest, he_is_too_stubborn_for_you_to_persuade him to go with us. 2．我永遠無法停止對閱讀的熱愛，因為書就像我生活中的良師益友一樣。(as well as) I can never stop the love for reading because books are like good friends as well as wise teachers in my life. 3．聚在篝火(bonfire)周圍，游客們和當?shù)厝艘黄鹛琛?現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語) Gathering_around_the_bonfire,_ the tourists danced with the local people. 4．網(wǎng)上購物相當方便，而且還可以買到各種廉價商品。(It＋be＋adj.＋to do) It_is_quite_convenient_to_shop_online and you can also buy a wide variety of goods at a low price. 5．盡管有殘疾，杰克和其他人一樣過著正常的生活。(as ... as ...) In spite of disability, Jack can live_as_normal_a_life_as everybody else. Ⅲ.應用文分步寫作 假定你是李華，你市將建一個大型圖書館，考慮到殘疾人的需要，請你寫一封信給負責該項目的總建筑師，提出一些合理化建議。要點如下： 1．入口處應建設殘疾人專用坡道(ramp)。 2．閱覽室應盡量設在一樓。 3．書架高度的設計應考慮到坐輪椅的殘疾人。 注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右； 2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 第一步：準確審題，理行文脈絡，擬寫作要點 1．審題：①文體：建議信?、谌朔Q：主要是第一和第二人稱 ③時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時 2．本文可從以下三個方面擬點： 開頭點出寫信目的(聽說對方要設計新的圖書館，寫信提出自己的建議)。 中間部分是文章的重點，具體陳述建議，可從①在圖書館入口處設置殘疾人專用坡道；②把閱覽室設在一樓；③對書架高度的建議三個要點來構思。該部分要點表達要力求準確，靈活且不得遺漏。 結尾表達自己的期望(希望建議實用且有益)。 要點1－①：我聽說您要成為我們城市新的大型圖書館的總建筑師。 I_have_heard_that_you_are_to_be_the_chief_architect_for_the_new_big_library_in_our_city. 要點1－②：我想提出幾條建議。 I_would_like_to_offer_several_suggestions. 要點2－①：我建議應該在圖書館的入口處設置專門的輪椅坡道。 I_suggest_a_special ramp_for_wheelchairs be_designed_at_the_entrance to_the_library. 要點2－②：閱覽室應該設在一樓。 Reading_rooms_should_be_placed_on_the_first_floor. 要點2－③：希望書架不能太高，不然坐在輪椅上的人夠不著。(too ...to ...) Book_shelves_are_expected_not_to_be_too_high_for_people_in_wheelchairs_to_reach. 要點3：我希望您會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些建議實用又有益。 I_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_practical_and_beneficial. 第二步：添加細節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達更亮眼 為了使內容更充實，我們需要對相關要點進行適度升級拓展。如：要點1－②補充現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，用“考慮到殘疾人的需要”來表達對殘疾人的關懷。 拓展要點1－②：考慮到殘疾人的需要，我想提出幾條建議。(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語) Considering_the_needs_of_disabled_people,_I_would_like_to_offer_several_suggestions. 第三步：連句成文，排語句順序，重銜接過渡 本建議信可采用“三段式”結構組織全文。注意各個要點之間的銜接要流暢自然，可采用一些過渡詞to beg