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1、 湖南大學(xué)高等教育自學(xué)考試 畢業(yè)論文 Bronte sisters in the literary history 畢業(yè)學(xué)校：湖南大學(xué) 辦學(xué)單位：湖南大學(xué)自考辦 學(xué) 生：鐘 X X 指導(dǎo)老師：熊老師 提交日期：2015年9月30日 湖南大學(xué)高等成人教育考試 二○一五年六月 附表4 湖南大學(xué)高等成人教育考試 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）任務(wù)書 辦學(xué)單位 湖南大學(xué)公開學(xué)院 指導(dǎo) 教師 姓 名 熊老師 學(xué)生姓名 鐘XX 專業(yè)技術(shù) 職 務(wù) 正高 副高 中級

2、 √ 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）題目 Bronte sisters in the literary history 課題來源 A B C D √ 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）目的及成果要求 This paper helps people know more about Bronte Sister on literary. It include four part .It expound Bronte Sisters’ legendary life. 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）內(nèi)容及要求 This article mainly introduced Bronte Sisters wh

3、o made great contributions to literary history. Introduce their lives , works and Impression after reading. 主要參考文獻(xiàn) （1） The history of foreign literature《外國文學(xué)史》 Zhejiang University Press 浙江大學(xué)出版社 （2） Jane Eyre 《簡愛》 Charlotte Bronte （夏洛蒂勃朗特 著） The peoples Literature Publishing House 人民文學(xué)出版社

4、 （3） Wuthering Heights 《呼嘯山莊》 Emily Bronte(艾米莉勃朗特 著) Shanghai Translation Publishing House 上海譯文出版社 （4） Agnes Greyy 《艾格尼絲格雷》 （安妮勃朗特 著） Chongqing University Press 重慶出版社 （5） （6） 百度百科 工作進(jìn)度安排 1. Make the content(3 days ) 2. Writing the draft（1 month） 3. Correcting the draf

5、t(3 weeks) 4.Finishing the essay(3 weeks) 本任務(wù)書于2012年 7 月 10 日發(fā)出，畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）應(yīng)于2012年 9 月 30 日前完成，由指導(dǎo)老師審閱與評閱老師評閱后，提交畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文30）答辯小組進(jìn)行答辯。 指導(dǎo)教師 熊老師 簽發(fā) 2012 年 9 月 30日 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）指導(dǎo)小組組長 審核 年 月 日 注：1．畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）任務(wù)書由指導(dǎo)教師填寫，由指導(dǎo)教師簽發(fā)，經(jīng)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）指導(dǎo)小組組長審核后生效。 2．“課題來源”一欄： A．指導(dǎo)教師的科研課題； B．指導(dǎo)教師收集的

6、科研和生產(chǎn)實際中的課題； C．學(xué)生在科學(xué)活動和工程實踐中自立的課題； D．自擬課題。 在表中相應(yīng)欄內(nèi)打“√”。 湖南大學(xué)自考辦制表 附表5 湖南大學(xué)高等教育自學(xué)考試 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）水平指導(dǎo)教師審閱評語書 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 （論文）題目 Comparative analysis of video software 學(xué)生姓名 鐘XX 專業(yè) 英語 年級 10級 平時成績 （百分制）

7、 70 質(zhì)量成績 （百分制） 65 指導(dǎo)教師姓名 熊老師 職稱 副教授 辦學(xué)單位 在整個畢業(yè)論文撰寫過程中，該同學(xué)能在老師的嚴(yán)格要求下順利完成論文的撰寫,并主動與老師溝通中遇到的各種問題及寫作進(jìn)程。 論文題目與論文的內(nèi)容基本相符，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，條理清晰，基本上沒有大的語法錯誤。從內(nèi)容上看，結(jié)構(gòu)豐滿，論述比較充分，論據(jù)與論點切題，作者有自己獨特的感受和觀點。但仍存在問題的是少數(shù)論點不夠深刻和全面.總體而言，這是一篇合格的論文，同意答辯！ 指導(dǎo)教師簽名 熊老師

8、 2015 年 9 月 30 日 注：平時成績評定依據(jù)：1、出勤、紀(jì)律、協(xié)作精神；2、獨立工作能力；3、工作勤奮及刻苦精神；4、獨立思考與主動性；5、外文資料翻譯情況（本科）。 Abstract The Bronts were a nineteenth-century literary family associated with the village of Haworth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. The sist

9、ers, Charlotte (born 21April 1816), Emily (born 30 July 1818), and Anne (born 17 January 1820), are well known as poets and novelists. They originally published their poems and novels under masculine pseudonyms, following the custom of the times practised by female writers. Their stories immediately

10、 attracted attention, although not always the best, for their passion and originality. Charlottes Jane Eyre was the first to know success, while Emilys Wuthering Heights, Annes The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and other works were later to be accepted as masterpieces of literature. Key words: Bronte Sis

11、ter, novel, literature 摘要 布朗蒂，是19世紀(jì)，來自英格蘭約克郡布拉福德的西北部的小村莊的一個著名的文學(xué)世家。其中的三姐妹夏洛蒂，艾米莉，安妮是以她們的詩作最為著名。她們根據(jù)當(dāng)時的傳統(tǒng)慣例，她們以男性筆名的身份出版了詩集和小說。她們的故事很有吸引力，即使不是最好的，但很有他們的激情和創(chuàng)造力。《簡愛》是夏洛蒂最為著名的作品，而之后艾米莉的《呼嘯山莊》，安妮的《女房客》和之后的其他的一些作品被當(dāng)做世界文學(xué)史上不可多得的著作。 關(guān)鍵詞：布朗蒂，小說，文學(xué)

12、 Contents Abstract 4 摘要 5 Introduction 7 Chapter1 Brief introduction of Bronte Sisters 8 1.1Charlotte Bronte 8 1.2Emily Bronte 10 1.3Anne Bronte 13 Chapter 2 . main works of Bronte Sisters 17 2.1Jane Eyre 17 2.2Wuthering Heights 23 2.3Agnes Gre

13、y 29 Chapter 3 Bronte Sisters on the influence of world literature 32 3.1Charlotte Bronte 32 3.2Emily Bronte 32 3.3Anne Bronte 33 Chapter 4 Impression after reading 35 4.1The Independent Spirit—— Jane Eyre 35 4.2Love and revenge——Wuthering heights 35 4.3 With the reality of the struggle——A

14、gnes Grey 36 Chapter 5 conclusion. 38 Referece 40 Acknowledgement 41 Intoduction Jane Eyre is aBronte Sisters are make known to every family. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre is on the independent character of female narrative. Emily Bronte’s’ Wuthering Heights is on

15、 the extreme love and personality description. To these fictional worlds were the product of fertile imagination fed by reading, discussion, and a passion for literature. Far from suffering from the negative influences that never left them and which were reflected in the works of their later, more m

16、ature years, the Bront Sisters absorbed them with open arms .To most people impressive lonely mood is Anne Bronte’s’ Agnes Greyy.In conclusion ,they are all talented. In my paper here ,there will have four chapters to my view my point :Chapter one describe Brief introduction of Bronte Sisters. Chap

17、ter two present main works of Bronte Sisters, such as Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights. Chapter three is that Bronte Sisters on the influence of world literature. Chapter four is the conclusion. Chpter1 Brief introduction of Bronte Sisters 1.1Charlotte Bronte Charlotte Bronte (21 April 1816 – 31 M

18、arch 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Bront sisters who survived into adulthood, whose novels are English literature standards. She wrote Jane Eyre under the pen name Currer Bell. 1.1.1 Early life and education Charlotte was born in Thornton, Yorkshire in 1816, the

19、third of six children, to Maria (ne Branwell) and her husband Patrick Bront (formerly surnamed Brunty or Prunty), an Irish Anglican clergyman. In 1820, the family moved a few miles to the village of Haworth, where Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate of St Michael and All Angels Church. Charl

20、ottes mother died of cancer on 15 September 1821, leaving five daughters and a son to be taken care of by her sister Elizabeth Branwell. In August 1824, Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters, Emily, Maria, and Elizabeth, to the Clergy Daughters School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire (She used

21、the school as the basis for Lowood School in Jane Eyre). The schools poor conditions, Charlotte maintained, permanently affected her health and physical development and hastened the deaths of her two elder sisters, Maria (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815), who died of tuberculosis in June 1825. S

22、oon after their deaths, her father removed Charlotte and Emily from the school. At home in Haworth Parsonage Charlotte acted as "the motherly friend and guardian of her younger sisters". She and her surviving siblings — Branwell, Emily, and Anne – created their own literary fictional worlds, and b

23、egan chronicling the lives and struggles of the inhabitants of these imaginary kingdoms. Charlotte and Branwell wrote Byronic stories about their imagined country, "Angria", and Emily and Anne wrote articles and poems about "Gondal". The sagas they created were elaborate and convoluted (and still ex

24、ist in partial manuscripts) and provided them with an obsessive interest during childhood and early adolescence, which prepared them for their literary vocations in adulthood. Charlotte continued her education at Roe Head in Mirfield, from 1831 to 1832, where she met her lifelong friends and corre

25、spondents, Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor.[1] Shortly after she wrote the novella The Green Dwarf (1833) using the name Wellesley. Charlotte returned to Roe Head as a teacher from 1835 to 1838. In 1839, she took up the first of many positions as governess to families in Yorkshire, a career she pursued

26、 until 1841. Politically a Tory, she preached tolerance rather than revolution. She held high moral principles, and, despite her shyness in company, was always prepared to argue her beliefs. Brussels In 1842 Charlotte and Emily travelled to Brussels to enrol in a boarding school run by Constantin

27、Heger (1809–96) and his wife Claire Zo Parent Heger (1804–87). In return for board and tuition, Charlotte taught English and Emily taught music. Their time at the boarding school was cut short when Elizabeth Branwell, their aunt who joined the family after the death of their mother to look after the

28、 children, died of internal obstruction in October 1842. Charlotte returned alone to Brussels in January 1843 to take up a teaching post at the school. Her second stay was not a happy one; she became lonely, homesick and deeply attached to Constantin Heger. She returned to Haworth in January 1844 an

29、d used her time at the boarding school as the inspiration for some experiences in The Professor and Villette. 1.1.2 Novels Jane Eyre, published 1847 Shirley, published in 1849 Villette, published in 1853 The Professor, written before Jane Eyre, submitted at first along with Wuthering Heights a

30、nd Agnes Grey, then separately, and rejected in either form by many publishing houses, published posthumously in 1857 Emma, unfinished; Charlotte Bront wrote only 20 pages of the manuscript, published posthumously in 1860. In recent decades, at least two continuations of this fragment have appeared

31、: Emma, by "Charlotte Bront and Another Lady", published 1980; although this has been attributed to Elizabeth Goudge, the actual author was Constance Savery. Emma Brown, by Clare Boylan, published 2003 Poetry Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell (1846) Selected Poems of The Bronts, Everyman

32、Poetry (1997) 1.1.3 Illness and subsequent death In June 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls, her fathers curate and possibly the model for Jane Eyres St. John Rivers. She became pregnant soon after the marriage. Her health declined rapidly during this time, and according to Gaskell, she

33、 was attacked by "sensations of perpetual nausea and ever-recurring faintness." Charlotte died, with her unborn child, on 31 March 1855, at the age of 38. Her death certificate gives the cause of death as phthisis (tuberculosis), but many biographers suggest she may have died from dehydration and ma

34、lnourishment, caused by excessive vomiting from severe morning sickness or hyperemesis gravidarum. There is evidence to suggest that Charlotte died from typhus she may have caught from Tabitha Ackroyd, the Bront households oldest servant, who died shortly before her. Charlotte was interred in the fa

35、mily vault in the Church of St Michael and All Angels at Haworth. Posthumously, her first-written novel was published in 1857. The fragment she worked on in her last years in 1860 has been twice completed by recent authors, the more famous version being Emma Brown: A Novel from the Unfinished Manus

36、cript by Charlotte Bront by Clare Boylan in 2003. Much Angria material has appeared in published form since the authors death. 1.2 Emily Bront Emily Jane Bront (30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848) was an English novelist and poet, best remembered for her solitary novel, Wuthering Heights, now conside

37、red a classic of English literature. Emily was the third eldest of the four surviving Bront siblings, between the youngest Anne and her brother Branwell. She published under the pen name Ellis Bell. Emily Bront was born on 30 July 1818 in Thornton, near Bradford in Yorkshire, to Maria Branwell and

38、Patrick Bront. She was the younger sister of Charlotte Bront and the fifth of six children. In 1824, the family moved to Haworth, where Emilys father was perpetual curate, and it was in these surroundings that their literary gifts flourished. 1.2.1 Early life and education After the death of thei

39、r mother in 1821, when Emily was three years old,[3] the older sisters Maria, Elizabeth and Charlotte were sent to the Clergy Daughters School at Cowan Bridge, where they encountered abuse and privations later described by Charlotte in Jane Eyre. Emily joined the school for a brief period. When a ty

40、phus epidemic swept the school, Maria and Elizabeth caught it. Maria, who may actually have had tuberculosis, was sent home, where she died. Emily was subsequently removed from the school along with Charlotte and Elizabeth. Elizabeth died soon after their return home. The three remaining sisters an

41、d their brother Patrick Branwell were thereafter educated at home by their father and aunt Elizabeth Branwell, their mothers sister. In their leisure time the children created a number of fantasy worlds, which were featured in stories they wrote and enacted about the imaginary adventures of their to

42、y soldiers along with the Duke of Wellington and his sons, Charles and Arthur Wellesley. Little of Emilys work from this period survives, except for poems spoken by characters (The Bronts Web of Childhood, Fannie Ratchford, 1941).[4] When Emily was 13, she and Anne withdrew from participation in the

43、 Angria story and began a new one about Gondal, a large island in the North Pacific. With the exception of Emilys Gondal poems and Annes lists of Gondals characters and place-names, their writings on Gondal were not preserved. Some "diary papers" of Emilys have survived in which she describes curren

44、t events in Gondal, some of which were written, others enacted with Anne. One dates from 1841, when Emily was twenty-three: another from 1845, when she was twenty-seven. At seventeen, Emily attended the Roe Head girls school, where Charlotte was a teacher, but managed to stay only three months bef

45、ore being overcome by extreme homesickness. She returned home and Anne took her place.[6] At this time, the girls objective was to obtain sufficient education to open a small school of their own. 1.2.2 Adulthood Emily became a teacher at Law Hill School in Halifax beginning in September 1838, when

46、 she was twenty. Her health broke under the stress of the 17-hour work day and she returned home in April 1839. Thereafter she became the stay-at-home daughter, doing most of the cooking and cleaning and teaching Sunday school. She taught herself German out of books and practised piano. Constantin

47、Heger, teacher of Charlotte and Emily during their stay in Brussels, on a daguerreotype dated from circa 1865. Plaque in BrusselsIn 1842, Emily accompanied Charlotte to Brussels, Belgium, where they attended a girls academy run by Constantin Heger. They planned to perfect their French and German in

48、 anticipation of opening their school. Nine of Emilys French essays survive from this period. The sisters returned home upon the death of their aunt. They did try to open a school at their home, but were unable to attract students to the remote area.In 1844, Emily began going through all the poems s

49、he had written, recopying them neatly into two notebooks. One was labelled "Gondal Poems"; the other was unlabelled. Scholars such as Fannie Ratchford and Derek Roper have attempted to piece together a Gondal storyline and chronology from these poems. In the autumn of 1845, Charlotte discovered the

50、notebooks and insisted that the poems be published. Emily, furious at the invasion of her privacy, at first refused, but relented when Anne brought out her own manuscripts and revealed she had been writing poems in secret as well. In 1846, the sisters poems were published in one volume as Poems by

51、Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. The Bront sisters had adopted pseudonyms for publication: Charlotte was Currer Bell, Emily was Ellis Bell and Anne was Acton Bell. Charlotte wrote in the "Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell" that their "ambiguous choice" was "dictated by a sort of conscientiou

52、s scruple at assuming Christian names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because... we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice[.]" Charlotte contributed 20 poems, and Emily and Anne each contributed 21. Although the siste

53、rs were told several months after publication that only two copies had sold, they were not discouraged. The Athenaeum reviewer praised Ellis Bells work for its music and power, and the Critic reviewer recognized "the presence of more genius than it was supposed this utilitarian age had devoted to th

54、e loftier exercises of the intellect." 1.2.3 Death Emilys health, like her sisters, had been weakened by unsanitary conditions at home, the source of water being contaminated by runoff from the churchs graveyard. She became sick during her brothers funeral in September 1848. Though her condition w

55、orsened steadily, she rejected medical help and all proffered remedies, saying that she would have "no poisoning doctor" near her. She eventually died of tuberculosis, on 19 December 1848 at around two in the afternoon. She was interred in the Church of St. Michael and All Angels family vault, Hawor

56、th, West Yorkshire. 1.3 Anne Bronte Anne Bronte (17 January 1820 – 28 May 1849) was a British novelist and poet, the youngest member of the Bront literary family. The daughter of a poor Irish clergyman in the Church of England, Anne Bronte lived most of her life with her family at the parish of

57、Haworth on the Yorkshire moors. For a couple of years she went to a boarding school. At the age of nineteen, she left Haworth working as a governess between 1839 and 1845. After leaving her teaching position, she fulfilled her literary ambitions. She wrote a volume of poetry with her sisters (Poems

58、by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell, 1846) and in short succession she wrote two novels. Agnes Grey, based upon her experiences as a governess, was published in 1847. Her second and last novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, which is mainly considered to be one of the first sustained feminist novels, app

59、eared in 1848. Annes life was cut short with her death of pulmonary tuberculosis when she was 29years old. Mainly because the republication of The Tenant of Wildfell Hall was prevented by Charlotte Bront after its authors death, Anne is less known than her sisters, Charlotte, author of four novels

60、including Jane Eyre; and Emily, author of Wuthering Heights. Annes two novels, written in a sharp and ironic style, are completely different from the romanticism followed by her sisters. She wrote in a realistic, rather than a romantic style. Her novels, like those of her sisters, have become classi

61、cs of English literature 1.3.1 Early life Anne, the youngest member of the Bront children, was born on 17 January 1820, at 74 Market Street in Thornton where her father was curate and she was baptised there on 25 March 1820. Shortly after, Annes father was appointed to the perpetual curacy in Hawo

62、rth, a small town seven miles (11km) away. In April 1820, the Bronts moved into Haworth Parsonage, a five-room building which became their home for the rest of their lives. Anne was barely a year old when her mother became ill of what is believed to have been uterine cancer. Maria Branwell died on

63、15 September 1821. In order to provide a mother for his children, Patrick tried to remarry, but he had no success. Marias sister, Elizabeth Branwell (1776–1842), moved to the parsonage, initially to nurse her dying sister, but she subsequently spent the rest of her life there raising the children. S

64、he did it from a sense of duty, but she was a stern woman who expected respect, rather than love. There was little affection between her and the eldest children, but she related to Anne, her favourite according to tradition. Anne shared a room with her aunt, they were close which may have influenced

65、 Annes personality and religious beliefs. In Elizabeth Gaskells biography, Annes father remembered her as precocious, reporting that once, when she was four years old, in reply to his question about what a child most wanted, she answered: "age and experience". In summer 1824, Patrick sent his eld

66、est daughters Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte and Emily to Crofton Hall in Crofton, West Yorkshire, and later to the Clergy Daughters School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire. When his two eldest daughters died of consumption in 1825, Maria on 6 May and Elizabeth on 15 June, Charlotte and Emily were immediately brought home. The unexpected deaths distressed the family so much