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1、2021國(guó)家開放大學(xué)電大?？啤队⒄Z(yǔ)閱讀(3)》期末試題及答案(試卷號(hào)：2157) Purl | Questions I —10 arc based on Passage I. (30 points« 3 points each) Paswige I ? Searching for Utopia ! While most of the world scernM to be motivated by more money, better televisions? niorr powerful cnrst the high<*5i-tech computers? bigge

2、r houses> there nre some independent soiih who are tired of Hthe rnt raceH that is, rhe stressful pressures of working hard to grt ahead. Siner around 199O? there haM been a slow hut nicady ri*c in ^intrntional communities^ hi the U. S> An intcfiTtonn) cornmunny 15 a group of propJc who have c

3、hosen to live together with a camnton purposn Although quite diverge in j>hilasophy and lifestyles each of these groups places a high priority on n iense of community> in other words# the feeling of belonging and mutual supports There were 300 inteiitional communities listed in the 1990 editiu

4、n of the Intrtitionnl Communities Directoryi by 1995. this had grown to 600, nnd 11 is estimated th” there 4re now several thousand< listed and unlisted, in operatiotu These communities vary in size, but in the 600 listed communities in 1995< total population? including children? was estlnuiie

5、d at 24.000. 2 At first glance, thr tntcntionnl cummunify movement appears quite diverse It is muhi gcneraiional. i. c- with ftgts ranging from children to seniors- They may choose to live together on a piece of rural hnd. in a suburban cent re < or tn an urban neighbourhao<L In same catnmunH

6、irs# individujils own their own land and bouses in at her** > thrsr things arc shared^ There 15 a widr variety of rhoiers regarding standard of living — some embrace voluntary 5impilicity while others hnvc lull wcccss to the products and services ol today * s society^ Even the purposes vary widel

7、y, For example? comniuntties have been formed to create great family neighbourhoods? to live tcologiciilly sustainable lifeslyleht or simply to live with others who share their valuer. Some are ^ecuhr while others are eommitted to a common religious belief. 3 What unites iht intentional community m

8、ovement is its members' proud rejection of mmnsTream consumer values^ Nearly all communnies encourage sharing items members ilonff need to own pnvntrly? for rxamph*t washing machines# truckle ?<wnnTning pools. Many uufnmunitie^ Rervr a<i model environmental or teaching eenur5 for nuMainab

9、lr agricuhure For exdtnp!e< *Th<* Fnrrnn< a large cooperative community in rural lennvssct- does not reject competitive business practices but rat her > commits 10 a vision of cnvironmcntnlly (nendly business. Members of "The Farm0 work in scvrnil uniall senk inrlustncs including so

10、lar electroriicst solar car re^uarcht ond a publishing cornpany lor alternative books- 4 An rMAmpk ol an intentional community cumniiitrd to volunrary >impl>ci:y i> Vashon (>» Housing Community* 1t» members choose to hvr in ?m?ll unpaintrd wood <hin«lrd with re<bn

11、?Unrle MaHinw deaded to love New York in 19H9 ?nd inuve hit family to ibe Vashon Ca HouNinn，He ,nd his Ismdy live on lutle nionc^# don * I own ? cnmputrf < «nd forbid anything with the Ditiwy label on iu Rathet than (Uaying My»t an the enmputer? the Umily ?pefxi» tketr evenint pbjr

12、tnt old- (??hioned card gnmr«« e ，“山n<? ReMdent* Hvr in »cpara!r dwrllmg.M but hnme« «re conned rd h，din roedu* theft are 13 acre* of communal land* all midmts altend iMtnonthly mc«tir»K»t and cvwry month lherr i» ? work (Mirty in which rvtrybody patch

13、cc in with oatdexir chores^ 5 These cnmmunitiet are the newest expresamn of ibe 300-yearold American drmrr to build ■ noft-hirmrrhtrjilt or niunL community with values uncorruptcd by thr Urtfer Bocirfy. It was this drxrr to form ? nrw< ideal community which brought the Pilffimw lo ihe U. S tn I

14、 hr early 17th century. 300 yr«r» htef ? it u >till to Gnd ■ mmmumty thul haw xhwwd perfectiun> Thr problem* wc »ec ?(Hit there* in the mum■”了?m — <»ecdt dmhohr«tx< rg<Mnm> comp«<H>on> facttotwiltsna — bIJ marMfe lo find thrir way tnio Altema

15、Uve cxdtures texx However# intenitonal ctitnmunitics have a tntich lower Cfimc rate tfuin lheir mamfttrrAm nrrghbourwe and rlmm a more eating and MU»(yin« IHr>tyle> Th<y arc committrd to nkalf <4 ecology? coopcr»tton> and cwn though they m?y ohen Uil to reach tbcnc icka

16、h perfectly. Their tiinpun vtjwon provwks ■ challrnice to the peer and purpoM- ol modern Amcrion ?onrfy. Rod Pmuicc I and find Ibe drCInltlmit foe eacb o< Ibe followia< ta tbc pinMigc. Write y*mr ■mwrr^ no >nar answrr dwd. L lhe rsPrxvi 2. an intrtifMMial commumkyt 3. ^ensc at c

17、ommunity] 4. midti-gcncranonsl： x wThe Form' Kcad PnsMigc I again and find which the undcrliritd word(») in each of the following sentences refer la 6. …by 1995t th# had grown to 60G< and it 15 euxirnaied that there are now several thousand— (paragraph 1 > 7. ??? in others

18、* these ihingy arc ^hrtred* (pnragrnph 2) 6 壁 members choose to he in <»mall unpainted wood houses--* (paragraph 1) 9. Hr and lu5 family live on Intk money. ??? (paragraph 4J 10. 「hey arc committed to ideas of ecology# cooperntion. and family- (paragraph 5) Part fl Questions 11 —20 hit b

19、ased on Passage 2. (30 pointst 3 points each) Passage 2 t he Most innovative City 1 "I? Prnhlcfnt n» puvrrtyt crttnct public cciucBtlutit and pollution mntml phgue the tnnjoniy of the worldf b cities. Each erne, it teem., m Htrunglin* to avoid urban diMMMtcr. Kut( uritiha# Braiih a city

20、 of 16 million people> 偉 <1皿小也 with thr^v prohkrn^ I hiw little known city in southeast Brazil being rrcounjxvd g the piner thnt hm fn many of the wnrldS urowing urban problems. 2 ( 12) rhrough ihm pruKrnm« more than 70% u( itn trn^h g recycled comparrd with thr 25% in lx)e AnRchd Chri

21、stono Pinhcirut。neven yrar^ntd hoy nhow* how dnnr. Al the *tnrt of the school year> Pinheiro traded B poundw of rrrydublr gArbngr ((ir n pneket ol new notebooks Eoch week, he <ind hi? two older bruthcr* cxchnnRe trAnh (nr kr?h fruit oj 2 pounds of protein rich bcan»* The program helps th

22、e poor. In 1995. the city rxrhAfigcd ncnrjy 2 millioti poundu of fuodt 318 >000 Eftatcr and 26 ? ()00 Chrimmm ch ken 『or rrryclablc trnnlv Hundreds of quilt» (or the nredy were muffed with cninhrd «!yrufnnm< ( hrtetinno wuei one of 25<000 poor children who received thewr n叩plf (13

23、) 3 (I Old worn oui cqmpmrnt w/is (re<}ucntly bnnn rrpbimi with new trchnohiKy nnd rt|iii|)mcni. l.ikr rwry other city, (tide y< l UMiblr 小 wt rt hriii« dumprd nround the eny nl Cunnba> Thin «ave tnKihrrrn nn<i nrchn<rt> wn <>j)purtunity to wnrk tngethrr 1o umv

24、thr materidh crrativrly. Old wnoden Icltjphunc polx. nrr now reUM：d in officr iHiildlTiMftt hridura and pubhr %i\utirc^ Rfitml Bikcm hnvc liWimc nuibile cln4^rc>orn« (or mluh rducatton. MVirtujilly rvcrylhing haw more than one w." wud Mayor Kalftel (arxu. who^e iiiry o(Gcr overlooking a

25、 (Mirk it made ol old polcn and gl心iu "h、n rnAttrr 浦 figiinng out how to rruAC (InnRS nnd thrn itttchifiw jxoplc hnw fn da H." I (15) Thr loienf uddnion* arc I hr I ighthouMCh af I earning ? hbscil <»n the great hghthounc and libr«ry in Alrxnndn®> Egypt ? one nl the M

26、ncirnt world f ■ gwn wonder*. Thr Hr*i IlghthtiiKc wjir huilf z nn exprriment in 1995 to ikfcrrninc cxtictly who wuuld I19 und the effect it would h;ivr on the surrounding nrighliorhood. Within mix monthsi uf being uprned. it wkb clenr thnt H waw popuhin S<x>n ahcr< a ll«hihou>r wu&

27、gt; binh tn each of the citynriKhborho(Mh. 5 (16) uOne of the liKhthousrf* 康 ihrrr blocks Irorn rny hnn)r< I g il far aI) tny ^chnol pro/ei:th>H Mid l>eucirui CohU< a hi«h tchunl *rnlnr who <topw in every coiipk n| wcckiu "So du my Kbycarnld brother md 12-ycnr-nl<l *iMcr

28、. Mum lel> ihrfn cnrnr hern line it\ 7伯 M Nowt the Iwhlhcjuse hnvr becunie the focnl point oi ncighborluM)db ；md huvr cm enmr hHe Thry each co9t about $ 】80.000.( 17) 6 (18) llnhkr other cities where governnicnt buildings nrr locuird m flu often i»ohted« high rrni aren« governme

29、nt offices in ( uritiba nrc acce^fible to everyone on what i» known aw fiiurn Sirors rhcuc Citixen Street* arc colorful covered avenue* ul govcrnnirnt oil ires ii nd .hop. where reMirlrnt* cun pny utility bilh. «rt r mnrriagc hcrriHCf haw a H/jinut . buy grorerim or lllr a police rr|x)rte

30、And InMrad <4 *onitt« the ci<y into totntrirrci»L inktitulion/tl nnd letnurc fncilitir^ ?％ tnuat ciiies do> ("uritibn^ plAnncrn huvr mrrgtd tlunn aII together w that people am their time efketively ai ■ nnnifnuni rest. The I Hiycn Strcci* lutve 600-»rAt open thnitcni

31、1; rports nrrn»t nnd clnh^roamB ihftt offer prufcMsiorud twining lur s | ? course. In amt recent computer ckw? Mana Penlu.? 2M-ye»r old teacher. .h@ rnrollvd tncAuwe aihe prux nghi. With my inc<>m«. thu it the only rouw to advancrinrnt. * 7 ( |9) Short cour»e> on how to

32、 make beltrf uk vl the rn^imnmmt ?z udored (or homemaker*. cx>ntrartr/t> and mrrch.nl.. Ti drtvem have to take ? euruc io Rnt an operaiotr s Ijcctimc. By the rn<l of 1993. 34 environmentally friendly dAycnre centers were up and running. Children get b chfincc to interacts nnd Irarn nboui

33、their environment. The Activities include making masks of animalsr Escing extinction from mzi^azinc p^gc#»- They are then sold in a stnnR of souvenir shops< with profits helping to pny Inr the facilities In small gardens out hack, the kids grow vcgruhlrs for their Mtuick*. 8 "Wf're

34、 trying lu create a whole new mjI of nititudrs nnd a senae of involvcmrni in thin City," Greca said. (20) Skim Passnge 2 and then choose fnim the following list an 呻prnpriaU ^rnlcnrc tn fill in each of the blanks In the passage A. Envircinmcntfll effort* were only a ^mall part of the plan for

35、 Curilibn. H? M，fu the people of Curitiba, this city :s tht best human invention there 皿" C\ <?Gntinual TniKr/)t(on and hick of city phinmng hhs created tin unfriendly rtivironmcnt (or muny citie% in the world today. V). Household garbage was not rhe only rcuson to begin a recycle program

36、^ E. wlt fs cheaper to build libraries than prisons.0 snid(；recu? F. Thr brightly coloured lighthouses have (X)0 volume libraries pn the first floor? rrAtltng rcKims on the second and a Knard in a light tower that fransmits 11 Mrong beiirn to provide community <et:urity. (；. Likii most other o

37、vercrowded and poor cities in thr world, ("uritiha had n serious g»rl>egc problem ? until it introduced iz Mgarbugc that is not prograni. H. In 1991 ? Cunuba built the Free (Jnivcrsily lot rhe Ervironnxcnt frnrn old Telephone polea. L Cuntiba im now known as The worldf rccyclm« c

38、npiTaL J> Curitiba is also taking ROvernnicni to the people. Pari [J Read Pajisaqr 3 and decide whether thr following statements are true or raise. Write r for true und F for fuise on your answer sheet. (20 points t 2 points cuch) 3 I bc English (fhumeter I rhe Englisht as a mej have (hr re

39、putation of being very difkrrnt form aII other BMtionflliuo« including thrir closest neighbors? the French? Belgians and 【hitch. It ts clainied that living on nn island ^eparnted from the rc^e a( Europe has much to da with it. Whnfevcr the reasons it may be fairly srnted that the Englishman h也

40、、developed many nnitudrh and hftbiis which disTinguish him from other nationalities- 2 Broadly gpmking. the Englishman » h quiet< \hy? reserved person who K fully relaxed only umunu people hv knows writ When he encounters strangers or foruigncm he often 5<>ems unttHSy> even embnrTi

41、issrd. You hove only tn witness n commuter train ony morning or evening to srr thr truth of this. Serious-looking businewmen and women sit reading thc?ir newspapers or dos)ng in u corneri no one spenk』In {act < to do so would *eem most unu^uaL An English wit. pretending to be Hiving advice to ove

42、rscan vi«itur». onre 5uggcxtcd« °<)n rntrring a railway comportment shake handb with all the pa>senger^ H Needless tD say. he was not being ^erioiiK 1'hvre i> an unwritten but dtiarly under^tixid code a( hehnviuur» which, if broken? makes the person imnicdiately

43、 the object of suspicion- 3 If i、.1 wrJI known (act thnt thr EnKlibh have an obsession with their weather und thjit. given hnlf £ chance ? they will talk fl bout it length. Some people nrgur that it is because English weather defies forecast and henctr is n source of inieresi to eve^onc. This

44、nuy bt so. Ortninly Englishmen rjtnnoi have much fnith in the nirteorolo^ical experts - tht wcathrrmcn ? who. after pramismg glorious> sunny wraihcr for lhe following day. arc often proved wrong when an anti-cyclonc over the Atlantic brings rainy wenthrr to all districts! The nun in the street se

45、em> to bt as accurftteor as inaccurate*as the weathermen in his predirtiiin^ Tlu5 helps n> explain tiic seemingly odd ^ight of <)ri Englishmnn leaving home on ? bright > mutiny >umn)rr morning with a raincool nlung over his arm and an umbrella in hin hand So variable is thr wrathcr th

46、m by lunchtime there could be thunder and lightning. 1 The overscan visitors rnay hr rxcuMrd for showing surprise at the number of refercnceu to weather that the English make io eitch other in thr course of a single day. Vrery often conventioniil greetings are replaced by comments on thr weAther. M

47、Nice dny，isnft 11 ^Beautiful!1* may well be heard instead of HGood morning, how are you?M Although the foreiMntr nmy consider this exaggerntud and comic> It i? worthwhile pointing out that it could br ti5td to his advnnUige. If hr want!* to Mart a conversation with an Englishman (or woman) but is

48、 n: s h* to know where to begin* he could do well to mention the sure of the wenthrr. It i« ■ -uifc subject which will encourage even the most reserved of Englishmen to enter into a discussion 5 In many pnrth of rhr world it i> quhe normal to show frank exirctnc* of cnrhu^u>nit ??motinn.

49、 w c?y . often Arc(ini|Minird by appropriAtr uesturen. The Englishmnn 廳 5orru wh>it diflrrrnt.()l tuurwc> ah Englishman (erU no Irm deeply th>n tiny other ruitionnhiy. but h< tends tr dUphy h2 krhng* far les%. Th" i< rrilrctrd in hi* u>r of 懦叫u咔C Imagine ■ mun commenting on th

50、e great bcnuty of a young girl WhcrcA> . runn pt n murtr emotninnl nature mi«ht dencnbe hrr 仆 七 prkc)M> irwclHt “diuir咪“ “r wprecioiHHt the En«linhtnun will FUtiy，姑撲 *unu i^heS all An EnftH4imnn who hax Mcrn a highly ■ugzhil nod tnjoynble him rrcoinmrndB it to o Iricnd by commentingt

51、 wltS tint bad> you knuwa M Or on wmg a hrcnrhuikinx bindscnpr hr might >bow l)|» pjrnnurr by ^nying：- NikL y—? \rry nicv. " I hr uvrr?«rM^ viMtor mint not b< (lisnppointrd by thia opparent lock M intrniHt and ln*-oKrnicnt i he must rrnhxr rhnt Hnll nKhtH> b«df\ nnd a

52、tnicr\ orc very often uwl 45 ^uprrlotivCM wjth the sense M 卻偵?戒~". ^excellent"* HbcnutifulH< Thin oil u>r? f»f b»nmiwgv> particularly common in English? is known nn uridrrRt/ifrTnrnt. Qiii-ntlon^ 2 l-.V line ba*cd <»(i 3. ：'l h in hvliin un ah inland stpHfn

53、teHl (rt»m thr rcsil of Huropr rhnt rnak「內(nèi) rhe Enghiihmnn very different from all other natUxmlinciu 1 rflvclling tn rorntnufrr trairiH ihf Enxli'h people like tti fisni nrw?ipaprr^ to rebx< ?3. Acconliriu to nn unwrittrn rule nf brhnviowr people tio not hhnkn hAtidn with r«ch nt

54、In r hi railway cnrnpurtnicnt*. In Efinbiml il a person d，心Uilk about the weather hr immrdi^tvly 收 the object of ^unpimoru 25> Eii|；li<liinen do not have faith in weather lorecaAttng bccauM* thr weather in E加md often chanur^ by hour^ ?《. In ErmLiiul the wenthrv Kpecml^t precliclton tn often

55、 a. InACCunHc 05 thr laymanS. 2’ The* ovcrwriH、戚 lor、may be rxcutcd if they tloc^t like to tftlk a bom the urjtilwr. 2& h 原 HurprirnnK io ovctJ*vnt visitorn thui the Engtiah may tnlk to each other a bout wv^fher ninny !in>rn in n m/r rhy. hi Enghrid d you Icrl « niburr^^cd when encoti

56、ntcnrjH -ifrahger* the iicxt thiriK to do I* to mvnlion thr Sfntc u( thr wcnthcr. 3()? I hr undrrRtntcmrnf tn the EhwIhIi Ih“x“ib只r »how* thnf the En「h?h lock deep feelings Part h Krnd Pu^ugr I and ansurr the following quentiunK Muke yuur unsucn* on ^hori und dear c》 (WHsihlc. (20 point* ? t

57、 points cmIi ) Pus%Mgr I (hriMmiK 1 December 25 in cclrbrnted the birthdny ol ChH*i> No one im cenmn why thia day wam choRen> It wun probobly bccnuwct according io the cnlrndar thrn in iwc> I)ect-niber 25 wo thr time ol the yenr when winter dnya he«in to grow longer in the Northern

58、Hemisphere. The >un worshipper* ha<l cclrbrated rhij- dny a» the premier of spring- 2 Over rhe yrarnt h rmuiber ol upecifll customs ；K>ocuted with (liriKtmHFi hnvr grown up» Muny ol these hftve been introduced from Europr> while other* haw their nrigm in Ameneftr 3 ChrtKirnn^

59、 mumc is loved by all who hear and ning It every yean Christma> *ongs> belh« «nd merry niu»ir havr hern n pan of Chrifttnifla (or erntuhe% I he Christ man tree is the Hynil>ol of the spirit ol ChriAtnus in niAny homo, free* were not u»rd in English honirn until a (irrmat

60、i prince nidrned Queen Victoria. The prince h<id the fir^t decurn ted Christ mA< tree Met up «t Wmdwx Casth in l&ll.Thr FifM Chrijitnini trre^ in ibt Nrw World were introduced by llrMUtn iboldicrM in 1776. dunnK thr Rcw>hil»<>nnry War. Lntcr (H-rmun immigraniH bronchi ih

61、r trudition lino wider unr tn thr United Stntra. 4 Thr cu<if(nn i>( drconiting n cuninumny tree (or nutdoar illwplfty began in the r«rly lUOUS «nd i» a Invountr cuntam all over /Xmencn today. Siner 19331 R()ckrlrllrt hi New York Chy. h.» put up n ginnt frrrf beAUlilully de

62、corfttrd with light*. I hr Uec» " nlxiut 30 metres toll 5 Somr fnmi!ie<« (ipeti thch prment nn ChriiUmm Kvci uthern wait lot ihr nrxt rnnminR. Swmr Koyn* nrid tfirln1 prrRrnt> nrr pherd in RtiHking* on<i hung /it lhe foot of ihrit bed*i othrrn find thrir gdtM under the ChriM

63、tnins tree. 6 (>rrrtinK cnrd» hi KfitclAnd. One ol the firm Mrlintn Io dcNiKn «nd deewf n Christtn^is 頃d in 1813 wo John C« Hondry. The curds were printed in bhok and white ond colortMl hy hnn(L About I »000 of them were Mold m London ih^ii yr*ar. Al nhaui the Mme nine, inoth

64、rt Ewhuh artrl« Willmni Egley? df^iKnrd a i nrd nnd h«d n printed. Kr mfI n hi"with the now familiar mrsMifte *A Merry Christmah gd b Happy New Yean " 7 A German immiArAin ? l-outw Prangt dcMignctl a ml wld cokircd (Jirimrnnn uinh in l«74? In I— than ID yenrw hlw uhop w.bb

65、 turning aul 5t000t000 c«r<in n yenr. 8 Today greeting curd* hzq bvconic n big indmtry und billions <>{ cordti Nrc W M (E?r wlwH rvery( hriwiniAm Whnlrvrr lunKinixr fhi Hrrrtmgn nrr wriniin ifu ihc r’wr ?H <h< rue n With fur prnrr nn<l 也Iw山 ntnong nil people QuoUuhh 31—35 ar

66、c ha%cd on I'我mhirt L 31. Where -irr tno-ct of ihr (ehri»tmnR rtiRtotiiM (rum9 Frnm whrn wrrr trren uned at Chrlnttnnn time in Engh.h humrs? 33> Since when h” Rorkrfdhr Pig. irj New York City, put up ? giant ChrhimMA trrr 3』.Where cun boys ond itirh unuiilly find their ChrtMinuM 叩 “e

67、， M. Who wnh ihr Hrui nrtist (u dtsiign itrui ftctul a ChriMniAA and； 試題答案及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (僅供參考) Part 1 (30 points t 3 points each) L the stressful pressures of working hard to get ahead 2. n group of people who have chosen to live together with a common purpose 3. the feeling of belonging and mutual -

68、tnpport L with ageti ranging from children to seniors 5. a large cooperative community in rural Tennessee 6. intentionnl cominunincs 7. land and house 8. Vashon Co Housing Community's 9. Uncle Martin 10. intrntionnl communities Port U (30 points, 3 pointn each) 11. C 12. G 13. 1 14. D

69、 IS. A 16. F 17>E 18. J 19. H 20. R Part QI (20 points, 2 points each) 21. F 22. T 23. T 24. F 25. E 26. F 27. F 28. T 29. T 30. F Part [V (20 pointse I points each) 3L From Europe und America. 32. From I hr tinic when a Grrmnn princ e rnnrrird Quern Victoria. 33. 1933 3 L In stockings hung at rhe foot of their beds or under the Christmas tree. 35. John C H()rslcy>