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題組提分練38 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 限時(shí)35分鐘 加黑體小題訓(xùn)練應(yīng)用文和記敘文 閱讀理解A　(2018湖北八校聯(lián)考)　體裁：應(yīng)用文　話(huà)題：文學(xué)與藝術(shù)　難度：★★☆☆☆ 　　　　　　　　　　　　 Leaders shape history and here is a selection of the most remarkable views into these public figures plus firsthand accounts by those with access to them.(寫(xiě)作目的) Margaret Thatcher by Charles Moore (2013) Before Moore published the first volume of his biography, there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher. Moores account is different. He shows that far from being fearless, she could often be fearful without cause. The final volume will include her fall from power. Harold Wilson by Ben Pimlott (1992) Harold Wilson had bee a ghostly figure when this book was published in 1992. The absence heightened a sense of mystery. Who was he？How to explain his seemingly contradictory characteristics？Pimlott solves some of the mysteries; the book is detailed until Wilsons final phase as prime minister in 1974. Churchill by Roy Jenkins (2001) Jenkins writes a politician as well as a historian, analyzing Churchills historic moves from the opinions of one who had also spoken in the mons. Jenkins had resigned from high positions in battles over policy, and as one that changed parties, though not as frequently as Churchill did. Roy Jenkins by John Campbell (2014) Campbell calmly narrates the many political and personal dramas, including Jenkins intense relationship with Anthony Crosland when they were both students at Oxford. Campbell also addresses Jenkins various affairs with women. Like Jenkinss political heroes, he led many lives. Campbell is sharp in describing each of them. Diaries, Volumes One to Six by Alastair Campbell (2017) Love or hate him, Campbell remains the master of the inside story, and not just because of his unusual ideas on the relationship between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. This is an incredibly detailed book on what its like to live inside No. 10: the cruel space of events; and the constant conflict with the media. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　短文介紹了5本與5位著名歷史人物相關(guān)的書(shū)籍。 1．Which of the following leaders has the largest number of books written about them? A. Harold Wilson. B. Churchill. C. Margaret Thatcher. D. Tony Blair. 答案與解析　C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中的“Before Moore published the first volume of his biography, there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher.”可知有關(guān)撒切爾的書(shū)籍最多。 2．Which writer was once a politician? A. Ben Pimlott. B. Charles Moore. C. John Campbell. D. Roy Jenkins. 答案與解析　D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞writer和politician定位到原文第四段和第五段中對(duì)Jenkins的介紹可知，他是個(gè)政治家也是個(gè)作家。 3．Whats the purpose of the authors writing the passage? A. To introduce some histories on selections. B. To remend some books to leaders. C. To tell some mysteries about historians. D. To think highly of some famous leaders. 答案與解析　B　寫(xiě)作意圖題。綜合第一段和全文對(duì)書(shū)籍的介紹可知作者旨在向讀者推薦幾本介紹著名歷史人物的書(shū)。 詞匯微存?、賜arrate v．描述； ②contradictory adj.矛盾的 閱讀技巧19　應(yīng)用文解題技巧 廣告類(lèi)應(yīng)用文話(huà)題涉及旅游、購(gòu)物、學(xué)習(xí)、招生、招聘、演出、通知等。應(yīng)用文語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔、文章簡(jiǎn)短，側(cè)重考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。這類(lèi)題型常涉及數(shù)字的簡(jiǎn)單運(yùn)算和圖表的識(shí)別與判斷。解題技巧：略讀題目，帶問(wèn)題找答案。先閱讀題干，然后根據(jù)問(wèn)題按照題目順序有針對(duì)性地結(jié)合題干中的關(guān)鍵詞到文中定位，閱讀相關(guān)部分并快速尋找有效信息，再將原文和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較。當(dāng)問(wèn)題與原文材料相同時(shí)，對(duì)號(hào)入座；如果問(wèn)題與原文不同，則可以同義替換、歸納事實(shí)等。注意：在閱讀應(yīng)用文時(shí)要特別留意文中以黑體、大寫(xiě)、下劃線(xiàn)等方式加以提示的文字，很有可能是文章的核心或至少是一部分內(nèi)容的概括。 閱讀理解B　體裁：記敘文　話(huà)題：人際關(guān)系　難度：★★☆☆☆ My father was born in a small town in the US. He wasnt sure what he wanted from life, but he loved adventure travelling. He took his wife and three daughters with him and went wherever the road took him. Its easy to feel lonely when youre on the road. As my mother said repeatedly, “We made lots of new friends on our trip—most of them were mechanics (機(jī)修工)”， since we often spent hours in repair shops. But that was better than sitting by the roadside while waiting for the engine to cool when it was 40℃ outside. Getting along sometimes seemed impossible. There were always lots of arguments, especially among us backseat passengers about who had to sit in the middle. But even if it was hard, we did learn a lot about forgiveness. When travelling in the Philippines, we drove to Quezon City one day. It should have been a onehour drive but was nearly three, due to bad roads and worse traffic. “Did you put our suitcases in the car？” my father asked my mother as we arrived in Quezon City. From the back seat, we saw her slowly turn toward my father. “No，” she said. “I thought you did.” That was why a sevenhour car trip turned into a 16hour car trip, which was mostly spent in silence. On occasions like that, we had to learn to let go of our anger because we were stuck in a rolling box with the same people for the rest of the journey. Even if I sometimes felt like opening the car door and pushing one of my sisters out, I kept my feelings to myself. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　作者的父親喜歡冒險(xiǎn)，經(jīng)常帶著家人去旅行，作者通過(guò)旅行意識(shí)到旅行讓我們學(xué)會(huì)與他人相處。 4．According to the first two paragraphs, the authors father ________. A. didnt like his hometown B. enjoyed going on adventures C. preferred travelling alone D. had never travelled abroad 答案與解析　B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前兩段可知，作者的父親雖然不知道自己想要什么樣的生活，但是一直在旅行冒險(xiǎn)，還帶著自己的妻子和女兒一起旅行，由此可知作者的父親樂(lè)于冒險(xiǎn)，故答案為B項(xiàng)。 5．When the family was travelling in the Philippines, ________. A. the traffic conditions were good on the way B. the father and mother had a fierce quarrel with each other C. they wasted much time on the road after they forgot to take their suitcases D. the family had fun with each other on the road 答案與解析　C　根據(jù)文章第四段可知，作者一家在菲律賓旅行時(shí)忘記將行李箱帶走，導(dǎo)致又返回了一次出發(fā)地，浪費(fèi)了大量時(shí)間，因此C為正確答案。A項(xiàng)與原文意思相反；B項(xiàng)作者的父母只是互相問(wèn)答，并沒(méi)有嚴(yán)重爭(zhēng)吵；D項(xiàng)由“was mostly spent in silence”可知，這件事對(duì)整個(gè)旅程還是有影響的，大家在這段路途中并不開(kāi)心，因此D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 6．According to the author, road trips ________. A. broaden peoples horizons B. are only enjoyable when we travel with others C. are not remended for big families D. help people to develop their social skills 答案與解析　D　觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段可知，公路旅行可以讓我們遇見(jiàn)許多不同的人，并且在這個(gè)過(guò)程中學(xué)著更好地與人交往，因此D項(xiàng)正確。 詞匯微存　let go of放手；擺脫 閱讀理解C　(2018運(yùn)城模擬)　體裁：記敘文　話(huà)題：人際關(guān)系　難度：★★☆☆☆ My daughter Kelly is a cautious person. She needs to warm up to situations, and is hesitant to try new things. When with close friends, she bees a leader who laughs loudly and chants. “Girls rule, boys drool.”But when that fort zone is not around her, she is shy and nervous.(性格) This has been challenging for me at times. “Shy” is not a word that I think has ever been used to describe me. But this has been a year of firsts for my girl that has filled her with a new sense of confidence. This year she moved to lap lane in swimming where she was preparing for a swim team. This year she learned to ride a bike without training wheels. And this year she pleted her first kids triathlon (三項(xiàng)全能)． And then it was her turn. From the second she jumped into the water, my heart soared. My daughter transformed into the most confident human being I had ever seen. She dominated that swim, crushed that bike ride and ran to the finish with the biggest smile on her face. I can honestly say that I never felt so proud of someone in my entire life. It wasnt because she did a sport or anything like that. It was because she was afraid of something and conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadnt seen before.(戰(zhàn)勝恐懼改變自己) All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling. She might be wearing the finalist medal but I felt_like_I_won_that_day. I won the chance to see my girl shine. Shine on, sweet baby. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　文章敘述了作者的女兒是個(gè)害羞的女孩，但是在參加三項(xiàng)全能比賽時(shí)卻表現(xiàn)出了自信和堅(jiān)決，這使作者無(wú)比自豪。 7．Kelly is nervous when ________. A. boys are around her B. she changes into a leader C. she is away from her mum D. situations are new to her 答案與解析　D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段提到和自己親密的朋友在一起時(shí)，Kelly很自在，但是一旦處于不舒服的區(qū)域，她就會(huì)緊張，由此可推斷出Kelly在陌生的環(huán)境時(shí)容易緊張，故選項(xiàng)D正確。 8．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that ________. A. the race began in the early morning B. Kelly was only too eager to wait for her turn in the race C. the whole family gave Kelly support D. her brothers birthday party was delayed 答案與解析　C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的敘述可知“全家人都為了Kelly參加三項(xiàng)全能活動(dòng)竭盡全力”可知家人都支持Kelly。 9．The author “felt like I won that day” because Kelly ________. A. took part in the sport B. expressed love to her C. won the gold medal D. changed pletely 答案與解析　D　句意理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知是女兒克服了自己的恐懼變得自信讓作者感到自豪，就像是自己贏了比賽一樣。故選項(xiàng)D正確。 10．What kind of person do you think Kelly is? A. Timid and determined. B. Cute and confident. C. Fearful and energetic. D. Sociable and brave. 答案與解析　A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一和第二段可知Kelly是個(gè)羞澀的女孩，但是參加比賽時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的戰(zhàn)勝恐懼的自信和決心可知，她害羞而堅(jiān)決，故選項(xiàng)A正確。 詞匯微存　transform vt.改變；變成 閱讀技巧20　記敘文解題技巧 記敘文是一種記載和敘述事件由來(lái)，描繪事物和人物情景狀態(tài)、過(guò)程及發(fā)展的文體。消息、通訊、傳記、游記、小說(shuō)、童話(huà)、寓言以及記敘性的散文等文體，都屬于記敘文的范疇。解題技巧如下 1．順藤摸瓜：記敘文中有大量的事件發(fā)展過(guò)程細(xì)節(jié)，包括記敘文的5W(who、what、when、where、why)要素。作答細(xì)節(jié)題的時(shí)候，一般需要由前到后，從上到下，按題目順序解答。 2．左顧右盼：在做題過(guò)程中，一般都不能在文中找到與題干完全相同的詞語(yǔ)或句子。應(yīng)抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，然后到文中準(zhǔn)確地找到與之相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句，或是疑似語(yǔ)句的位置，接著左顧右盼，在前句或后句尋找線(xiàn)索。 3．刨根問(wèn)底：主旨大意題或推理判斷題、作者意圖題等實(shí)際上是同一類(lèi)型的問(wèn)題。在解答時(shí)，要在文前文后查找，在字里行間尋覓。有時(shí)還需借助自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí)來(lái)體會(huì)言外之意。 閱讀七選五　(2018湘潭質(zhì)檢)　體裁：記敘文　話(huà)題：人際關(guān)系　難度：★★★☆☆ A. Although we could not municate through words, we municated through the heart. B. They already have done something for me by giving me the opportunity to help them. C. I like helping people this way due to my own experience. D. Several people passed by, looked at her but did not stop. E. It is never too late to do others a favour. F. These words made me feel quite warm. G. She thanked me and smiled in relief. 答案與解析　 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　作者樂(lè)于助人是因?yàn)樽约阂淮问苋藥椭慕?jīng)歷，他希望大家都能在別人需要時(shí)伸出援助之手。 1．D　根據(jù)下文作者幫助這位女士可知，當(dāng)時(shí)“很多人都從她身邊經(jīng)過(guò)并看著她，但沒(méi)人停下……”，故選D。 2．G　有人來(lái)幫助自己，這位女士應(yīng)該是，“表示感謝，并如釋重負(fù)地笑了笑”，故選G。 3．C　該段介紹作者在日本旅游時(shí)受到他人幫助的經(jīng)歷可知C項(xiàng)“我喜歡這樣幫助別人，是由于我自己的經(jīng)歷”，符合語(yǔ)境。 4．A　根據(jù)本空前一句可知，作者不會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)，而那位男士不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。故選項(xiàng)A “盡管我們不能用語(yǔ)言溝通，但是我們通過(guò)心靈溝通”，符合語(yǔ)境。 5．B　根據(jù)本空前后句內(nèi)容可知，受作者幫助的人希望能回饋?zhàn)髡叩亩骰?，作者認(rèn)為，“他們已經(jīng)給我機(jī)會(huì)讓我去幫助他們”，不過(guò)我希望他們能在別人需要時(shí)也能伸出援助之手，故選B。 詞匯微存?、賞licated adj.復(fù)雜的；②reach out伸出