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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上 第二部分 閱讀理解(2)（2013 年網(wǎng)考）全翻譯版 新大綱 9 套模擬題 18 篇閱讀理解（必考一篇）。 Passage 1 The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. The government was badly run and people’s lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise m

2、ore taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force. On July 14,1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners 1792 to get support from Austria and Prussia. However, he was caught and

3、 put in prison. In September 17were kept. Ever since that day, July 14 has been the French National Day. Louis tried to flee the country in 92, the monarchy was abolished. In the same year, Louis was executed. A few months later his wife, Marie also had her head cut off. The Revolution of France had

4、 frightened the other kings of Europe. Armies from Austria and Prussia began to march against France. The French raised republican armies to defend the nation. The Revolution went through a period of terror. Thousands of people lost their lives. In the end, power passed to Napoleon Bonaparte. (190 w

5、ords) 法國大革命于 1789 年爆發(fā)。當(dāng)時法國正處在一片混亂中，政府腐敗，人民生活凄慘。路易十六世企 圖控制議會并增加賦稅，但最后失敗了。他命令軍隊進入凡爾賽。人民都認(rèn)為他企圖用武力鎮(zhèn)壓革命。1789 年 7 月 14 日，人民群眾爆發(fā)了，攻占了關(guān)押政治犯的巴士底獄。從那天以后，7 月 14 日就被定為法國的 國慶日。1792 年，路易十六企圖逃離法國，并從奧地利和普魯士獲得支持，但他被捕了。1792 年王室被 廢除，路易十六被處以死刑。幾個月后，他的妻子，瑪麗也被處以死刑。法國大革命令歐洲其它國家的國 王感到害怕。奧地利和普魯士的軍隊進入了法國。法國人民組織起了共和軍來保衛(wèi)祖國，革

6、命陷入了一個 艱苦階段。成千上萬的人犧牲了。最后，權(quán)力落入了拿破侖﹒波拿巴手中。 6. What’s this passage about? 這篇文章主要講了什么？ A. France. B. King Louis. C. The French Revolution. 法國大革命 D. Europe. 7. Which did not happen in 1789? 以下哪件事不是發(fā)生在 1789 年？ A. The French Revolution broke out. B. The national economy was developing rapidly.

7、 國家經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展。 C. The government wasn’t well run. D. King Louis XIV was in power. 8. Where were the political prisoners kept? 那些政治犯被關(guān)押在哪里？ A. In Versailles. B. In Austria. C. In Prussia. D. In Bastille. 巴士底獄 9. What does the underlined word “abolished” mean? 劃了下劃線的“abolished ”這個詞是什么意思？ A. Put off.

8、 B. Established. C. United. D. Ended. 廢除。 10. What was NOT the effect of the Revolution? 以下哪個不是法國大革命產(chǎn)生的效果？ A. July 14 has become the French National Day. B. It brought some impact on the other European Kings. C. Louis’s wife, Marie was killed. D. The king tried to control the national parliamen

9、t. 國王試圖控制議會。 Passage 2 專心---專注---專業(yè) A foreigner’s first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush-often under pressure. City people appear always to be hurrying to get where they are going restlessly, seeking attention in a store, and elbowing others as they try to

10、 complete their errands （任務(wù)）. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. 一個外國人對于美國的第一印象很有可能是每個人都在壓力下匆匆忙忙。城市里的人總是表現(xiàn)得匆 匆忙忙不知疲倦的，為了盡快做完一件事情，他們會在店里拼命引起店員的注意或者用胳膊肘推搡別人。 白天匆忙就餐也是這個國家生活節(jié)奏的一個部分。 Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating places are waiting

11、for you to finish so that they too can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. Each person hurries to make room for the next person. If you don’t, waiters will hurry you. 工作時間被認(rèn)為是很珍貴的。在一些公共飲食場所，其他人會等在你旁邊等你吃完，這樣大家都可 以得到服務(wù)，并趕在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)回去工作。每個人都會盡快給下一個人騰出地方。如果你不這樣，侍者 會催促你的。 You also fin

12、d drivers will be abrupt and that people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small courtesies with strangers. Don’t take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else “wasting” it beyond a certain courtesy point. 你會發(fā)現(xiàn)司機也都很匆忙，人

13、們從你身邊匆匆走過。你會錯過一些微笑，簡短的交談和一些與陌生 人的小禮節(jié)。不要在意，這是因為他們非常珍惜時間，而且他們認(rèn)為一旦太注重這些社交禮節(jié)就是浪費時 間。 The view of time affects the importance we attach to patience. In the American system of values, patience is not a high priority. Many of us have what might be called “a short fuse.” We begin to move restlessly about

14、if we feel time is slipping away without some returnbe this in terms of pleasure, work value, or rest. Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both business and daily life. 對時間的觀念還會影響到我們對耐心的理解。在美國價值體

15、系中，耐心并不是首要考慮的。我們中的 很多人被稱為“脾氣火爆”。如果我們覺得時間在毫無意義的溜走，既沒有娛樂價值，工作價值，也不在 休息，那就會開始不停地徘徊。那些來自時間觀念不同的國家的人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們在商業(yè)和日常生活中最困難的 就是對時間節(jié)奏的適應(yīng)。 Many newcomers to the States will miss the opening courtesy of a business call, for example, they will miss the ritual socializing that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or c

16、offee they may be traditional in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a caf or coffeehouse. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talks. We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colle

17、ague through social courtesies. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. (348 words) 許多剛到美國來的人都會想念他們在商業(yè)會談中一些開場禮節(jié)。舉個例子，他們會想念歡迎你到來而 泡的一杯茶或咖啡這樣的社交禮儀，這在他們國家是常規(guī)禮儀。他們會想念在咖啡屋悠閑的會談。而通常， 美國人不會與來訪者在這么悠閑的環(huán)境中進行一些冗長的小會談。對于同事，我們總是看他過去的表現(xiàn)而 不

18、是與他的社交禮儀。因為我們一般都是更注重專業(yè)性的，而不是社交性的，因此我們總是很快進入正題。 11. Which of the following statements is wrong? A. Americans seem to be always under pressure. B. Americans attach less importance to patience. C. Americans don’t care much about ritual socializing. 以下哪項陳述是錯誤的？ D. Americans are impolite t

19、o their business colleagues. 美國人對他們的同事不禮貌。 12. In the fourth paragraph, “a high priority” means .第四段中的“a high priority”是什么意思？ A. a less important thing B. a first concern 要首要考慮的。 C. a good business D. an attractive gift 13. Americans evaluate a business colleague .美國人評價他們的同事是根據(jù) 。 A.

20、 through social courtesy B. through prolonged business talks C. by establishing business relations D. by learning about their past performance 他們過去的表現(xiàn)。 14. This passage mainly talks about . 本文主要講了 。 A. how Americans treasure their time 美國人是怎樣珍惜時間的。 B. how busy Americans are every day C. ho

21、w Americans do business with foreigners D. what American way of life is like 15. We can infer from the passage that the author’s tone in writing is . 從本文我們可以看出作者寫作的口吻是 。 A. critical B. ironical C. appreciative 欣賞的。 D. objective Passage 3 Sixteen-year-old Maria was waiting in line at t

22、he airport in Santo Domingo. She was leaving her native country to join her sister in the United States. She spoke English very well. Though she was very happy she could go abroad, she was feeling sad at leaving her family and fiends. As she was thinking all about this, she suddenly heard the air

23、line employee asking her to pick up her luggage and put it on the scale（s 稱）. Maria pulled and pulled. The bag was too heavy and she just couldn’t lift it up. The man behind her got very impatient. He, too, was waiting to check in his luggage. Maria，十六歲，她正在圣多明各(多米尼加首都)的機場排隊等候。她正要離開自己的祖國去美國和 她

24、的姐姐團聚。她的英語講得很好。雖然她要出國了覺得很高興，但此時要離開她的家人和朋友也很傷心。 正在她想這些的時候，她突然聽到機場的工作人員正在叫她把行李放到稱上。Maria 拉了又拉，包太重， 她根本抬不起來。她后面的男人很不耐煩了。他也是等著托運行李的。 “What’s wrong with this girl?” He said, “Why doesn’t she hurry up?” He moved forward and placed his bag on the counter, hoping to check in fist. He was in a hurry to get

25、a good seat. “這女孩怎么了？”他說道，“她為什么不快點？”他走到前面，把包放在臺上，希望能先登記。他 急著想要得到一個好的座位。 Maria was very angry, but she was very polite. And in her best English she said, “Why are you so upset? There are enough seats for everyone on the plane. If you are in such a hurry, why can’t you give me a hand with my luggag

26、e?” Maria 很生氣，但她很有禮貌。她用最優(yōu)美的英語說，“你為什么如此不耐煩？飛機上的每個人都有 座位。如果你真的很急，為什么不能幫我搬一下行李？” The man was surprised to hear Maria speak English. He quickly picked up her luggage and stepped back. Everyone was looking at him with disapproval. (224 words) 這男人聽到 Maria 會講英語覺得很驚訝。他很快拿起自己的行李退了回去。每個人都很不贊成得看 著他。唯一聯(lián)系QQ

27、 其他均為盜版 6. Maria’s story happened . Maria 的故事發(fā)生在什么時候？ A. when she was leaving America B. on her way back to Santo Domingo C. before she left the USA D. when she arrived at the airport 她到達(dá)機場后。 7. You believer that the work of the airline employee mentioned in the story is to at the airpo

28、rt. 你認(rèn)為故事中提到的機場工作人員的工作是什么？ A. help carry people’s luggage B. ask people to pick up the luggage C. check people’s luggage 檢查旅客的行李 D. take care of people’s luggage 8. “Why are you so upset?” Maria said to the man. She wanted to tell him that he should not be . “為什么你如此不耐煩？”Maria 對那個男人說。她這么說是要告訴他

29、不要不高興。 A. surprised B. sad C. unhappy D. sorry 9. “Everyone was looking at him with disapproval.” This sentence means that the people around felt . “每個人都很不贊成地看著他”這句話的意思是周圍的人為這男人的行為感到很遺憾。 A. worried about Maria B. worried about the man C. sorry for Maria’s manners D. sorry for the man’s mann

30、ers 10. The author mentioned Maria’s age at the beginning of the story in order to show that . 作者在故事的開頭就提到 Maria 的年齡是為了表達(dá)什么？ A. she was young but behaved properly 她很小，但行為很得體。 B. she would not have left home alone C. everyone around her was wrong D. it was not good that nobody offered to help

31、 her Passage 4 Britain and France are separated by the English Channel, a body of water that can be crossed in as few as 20 minutes. But the cultures of the two countries sometimes seem to be miles apart. 英國和法國被英吉利海峽阻隔，游泳穿越該海峽只要不到 20 分鐘的時間。但這兩個國家的文化有時 相差十萬八千里。 Last Thursday Britain and Fran

32、ce celebrated the 100th anniversary（周年紀(jì)念）of the signing of a friendship agreement called the Entente Cordiality. The agreement marked a new beginning for the countries following centuries of wars and love-hate partnership. 上星期四，英國和法國慶祝了《友好協(xié)議》簽訂 100 周年的紀(jì)念活動。該協(xié)議標(biāo)志著兩個國家在經(jīng) 歷了幾個世紀(jì)的戰(zhàn)爭和愛恨交織的關(guān)系后的新篇章。 But

33、their relationship has been ups and downs over the past century. Just last year, there were fierce disagreements over the Iraq war-which British Prime Minister Tony Blair supported despite French President Jacques Chirac speaking out against it. This discomfort is expressed in Blair and Chirac’s bod

34、y language at international meetings. While the French leader often greets German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder with a hug（擁 抱）, Blair just receives a handshake. However, some political experts say the war in Iraq could in fact have helped ties. 但他們的關(guān)系在上個世紀(jì)也經(jīng)歷了幾番起落。僅去年，對伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭問題進行了激烈的爭論-英國首 相布萊爾支持而法國

35、總統(tǒng)希拉克反對。國際會議中，這種別扭在布萊爾和希拉克的身體語言中表現(xiàn)得很明 顯。當(dāng)法國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人頻頻與德國總理格哈特施羅德?lián)肀r，布萊爾只得到了握手。然而，有些政治專家說 正是伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭促進了兩國的關(guān)系。 The history of divisions may well be because of the very different ways in which the two sides see the world. But this doesn’t stop 12 million Britons taking holidays in France each year. However, o

36、nly 3 million French come in the opposite direction. Surveys（調(diào)查）show that most French people feel closer to the Germans than they do to the British. And the research carried out on Britain has found that only a third of the population believes the French can be trusted. Perhaps this bad feeling come

37、s because the British dislike France’s close relationship with Germany, or because the French are not happy with Britain’s close links with the US. 這種歷來的分離也許是好的，因為這兩個國家對世界的看法完全不同。但是這并沒有阻隔 1200 萬的 英國人每年到法國度假。而法國僅有 300 萬的人民去英國度假。調(diào)查顯示大多數(shù)法國人對德國人比對英國 人親切。并且在英國進行的調(diào)查顯示僅有 1/3 的英國人信任法國人。也許這種壞的感覺是因為英國人不喜 歡法國

38、跟德國的親密關(guān)系，或者因為法國對英國和美國的親密關(guān)系感到不悅。 Whatever the answer is, as both sides celebrate 100 years of “doubtful friendship”, they are at least able to make jokes about each other. Here’s one: What’s the best thing about Britain’s relationship with France? The English Channel. (320 words) 不論答案是什么，雙方能在一起慶祝這種

39、“不確定的友好關(guān)系”100 周年，至少證明他們會相互開玩 笑了。其中一條就是：英國與法國的關(guān)系的最好見證是什么？是英吉利海峽。 11. For centuries, the relationship between Britain and France is . 幾世紀(jì)以來，英國與法國的關(guān)系是一種的愛恨交織的關(guān)系。 A. friendly B. impolite C. brotherly D. a mixture of love and hate 12. The war in Iraq does to the relationship between F

40、rance and Britain. 伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭對英國和法國的關(guān)系起到既好又壞的作用。 A. good B. harm C. neither good nor harm D. both good and harm 13. The British are not so friendly to and the French are not so friendly to . 英國對德國不是那么友好，法國對美國也不是那么友好。 A. Germany; America B. America; Germany C. Germany; Germany D. America; Amer

41、ica 14. are more interested in having holidays in . 英國人更喜歡到法國度假。 A. American people…Britain B. British people … Germany C. French people … Britain D. British people … France 15. What does the last sentence mean? 文章的最后一句的意思是什么？ A. As long as the English Channel exists, no further disagr

42、eement will form between France and Britain. B. The English Channel can prevent anything unfriendly happening in both France and Britain. C. France and Britain are near neighbors, and this will help balance the relationship between them. 法國和英國是一衣帶水的鄰邦，這會幫助兩國平衡他們之間的關(guān)系。 D. The English Channel is th

43、e largest enemy between France and Britain. Passage 5 Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called “One On One” helps elementary

44、 students who’ve fallen behind. Your education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching, that is, tutoring in math and English. 社區(qū)服務(wù)是我們大學(xué)教育的一個重要的部分。我們鼓勵所有的學(xué)生在畢業(yè)前至少從事一項社區(qū)活動。 一項新的叫做“一對一”的社區(qū)計劃是用于幫助那些落后的小學(xué)生的。讀教育專業(yè)的學(xué)生也許對這項計劃 尤其感興趣，因為它為你提供了教學(xué)（教數(shù)學(xué)和

45、英語）的機會。 You’d have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. 你在一個學(xué)期內(nèi)每周得自愿工作兩小時。你可以選擇教小孩數(shù)學(xué)，英語，或兩者都教。一節(jié)課半小時 比較好，因此你可以每周教兩天，每次每門課半小時。 Professor

46、Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors — he’ll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. 道奇教授將擔(dān)任這些家庭教師的顧問。他會幫你制訂教學(xué)計劃或提供活動的建

47、議。他的辦公時間是每 周二和周四下午。你可以在他那簽約參與這個計劃并于下周開始工作。 I’m sure you’ll enjoy this community service … and you’ll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you’ve had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you’d like to sign up, or i

48、f you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge’s office this week. (220 words) 唯一聯(lián)系QQ 其他均為盜版 我確信你會喜歡這項社區(qū)服務(wù)，同時你也能獲得寶貴的經(jīng)驗。能在你的簡歷上表明你有教孩子的經(jīng)驗 而且你能關(guān)心你的社區(qū)，應(yīng)該是很不錯的一件事。如果你愿意簽約或如果你有任何問題，于本周前往道奇 教授的辦公室。 6. What is the purpose of the talk? A. To explain a new requirement for graduation. 這段

49、話的目的是什么？ B. To interest students in a new community program. 是為了使學(xué)生們對一項新的社區(qū)計劃感興趣。 C. To discuss the problems of elementary school students. D. To recruit elementary school teachers for a special program. 7. What is the purpose of the program that the speaker describes? 講話人所說的這項計劃的目的是什么？

50、A. To find jobs for graduating students. B. To help education majors prepare for final exams. C. To offer tutorials to elementary school students. 為小學(xué)生提供家教服務(wù)。 D. To provide funding for a community service project. 8. What does Professor Dodge do? 道奇教授是干什么的？ A. He advises students to particip

51、ate in certain program. 他為學(xué)生參加某項計劃提供建議。 B. He teaches part-time in an elementary school. C. He observes elementary school students in the classroom. D. He helps students prepare their resumes. 9. What should students who are interested in the tutorials do? 對家教有興趣的學(xué)生應(yīng)該怎么做？ A. Contact the elemen

52、tary school. B. Sign up for a special class. C. Submit a resume to the dean. D. Talk to Professor Dodge. 和道奇教授談?wù)劇? 10. Whom do you think the speaker addresses? 你認(rèn)為說話者是在對誰說這些話的。 學(xué)生。 A. Faculty. B. Students. C. Residents D. Graduated students. Passage 6 Paper is one of the most important pro

53、ducts ever invented by man. Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, p

54、aper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge. 紙是人類發(fā)明的最重要的產(chǎn)品之一。沒有一些便宜而又實用的材料來寫的話，書面語也不可能廣泛 傳播。紙的發(fā)明意味著更多的人可以接受教育，因為更多的書可以印出來并分發(fā)出去。紙和印刷一起為知 識的交流提供了極其重要的途徑。 How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly. In 1990 the world’s use of paper wa

55、s about one kilogram for each person a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year. Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other countries. 我們每年用多少紙呢？也許你無法很快回答出這個問題。在 1900 年，全世界的用紙量是每年人均一 公斤左右?，F(xiàn)在有些國家的用量達(dá)到每年人均 50 公斤。像美國，英國和瑞

56、典這樣的國家的用量遠(yuǎn)超其他 各國。 Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant. Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of year. Parchment wa

57、s very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment. (208words) 像許多其他我們用的東西一樣，紙最早發(fā)明于中國。在埃及和西方，十五世紀(jì)前紙并沒有廣泛 使用。埃及人寫字寫在一種水生植物做成的材料上。歐洲人用羊皮紙用了好幾百年。羊皮紙很牢固，它是 用某些幼年動物的皮做成的。從羊皮紙上保存的記錄

58、中我們了解到關(guān)于歐洲歷史的最重要的事情。 11. What’s the meaning for the word “parchment”? “parchment”的意思是什么？ A. The skin of young animals. B. A kind of paper made from the skin of certain young animals. 一種用某些幼年動物的皮做成的紙。 C. The paper used by European countries. D. The paper of Egypt. 12. Which of the followin

59、g is not mentioned about the invention of paper? 關(guān)于紙的發(fā)明下面哪項沒有被提到？ A. More jobs could be provided than before. 工作機會比以前更多了。 B. More people could be educated than before. C. More books could be printed and distributed. D. More ways could be used to exchange knowledge. 13. When did the Egypti

60、ans begin to use paper widely? 埃及人什么時候開始廣泛地使用紙？ 大約在 1400 年。 A. Around 1400. B. Around 1900. C. Around 400. D. Around 900. 14. Which of the following countries uses more paper for each person a year? 以下哪個國家每年人均用紙量更大？瑞典。 A. China B. Sweden C. Egypt D. Japan 15. What is the main idea of this sh

61、ort talk? 這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是什么？ A. More and more paper is being consumed nowadays. B. Paper enables people to receive education more easily. C. The invention of paper is of great significance to man. 紙的發(fā)明對人類非常重要。 D. Paper contributes a lot to the keeping of historical records. Passage7 Laws ha

62、ve been written to govern the use of American National Flag, and to ensure proper respect for the flag. Custom has also governed the common practice in regard to its use. All the armed services have precise regulations on how to display the national flag. This may vary somewhat from the general rule

63、s. The national flag should be raised and lowered by hand. Do not raise the flag while it is folded. Unfolded the flag first, and then hoist it quickly to the top of the flagpole. Lower it slowly and with dignity. Place no objects on or over the flag. Do not use the flag as part of a costume or athl

64、etic uniform. Do not print it upon cushions, handkerchief, paper napkins or boxes. A federal law provides that the trademark cannot be registered if it comprises the flag, or badgers of the US. When the flag is used to unveil a statue or monument, it shouldn’t serve as a covering of the object to be

65、 unveiled. If it is displayed on such occasions, do not allow the flag to the ground, but let it be carried high up in the air to form a feature of the ceremony. Take every precaution to prevent the flag from soiled. It should not be allowed to touch the ground or floor, nor to brush against objects

66、. 唯一聯(lián)系QQ 其他均為盜版 已經(jīng)制定了法律來規(guī)定美國國旗的使用,并確保對國旗應(yīng)有的尊敬。關(guān)于國旗的使用也早已有了慣例。 全軍就國旗的展開方法有明確的規(guī)定，這與常規(guī)有點不同。國旗的升降應(yīng)由手工完成。國旗未展開時不能 升起。應(yīng)先使它展開，然后快速把它升至旗桿頂部。緩慢、莊嚴(yán)地降下。旗上不可以放東西。不要把國旗 鑲嵌在衣服或運動裝上，也不要把國旗印在墊子、手帕、紙巾或盒子上。聯(lián)邦法律規(guī)定如果某個商標(biāo)含有 美國國旗或國徽，這個商標(biāo)就不能被注冊。當(dāng)國旗被用來為雕像或紀(jì)念碑揭幕時，不可以蓋在被揭幕物上。 如果國旗被用在這種場合，則不能讓它掉到地上而應(yīng)懸在空中作為這個儀式的象征。特別注意不要玷污國 旗，不允許觸到地面或擦著物體。 6. How do Americans ensure proper respect for the national flag？ 美國人是如何確保對國旗應(yīng)有的尊敬的？ A. By making laws. 通過制定法律。 B. By enforcing discipline. C. By educating the public. D. By