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1、volunteers THE PICTURES TELL US ABOUT V_ WORK.The pictures tell us that we should do some voluntary work.Its our social responsibility.That we should do some voluntary work.“ “It” refers to?It” refers to?Replace “it “! Replace “it “! That we should do some voluntary work is our social responsibility

2、. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句 充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ) subject主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句Develop itDevelop itIts our social responsibility that we should do some voluntary work .形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ) Our social responsibility is _ we should do some voluntary work.Our social responsibility _ we should do some voluntary work is necessary.thatthat表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)

3、從句 oluntary名詞性從句名詞性從句 Noun clause名詞性從句在句中要用名詞性從句在句中要用_語(yǔ)序語(yǔ)序, ,從句從句的引導(dǎo)詞必須始終置于的引導(dǎo)詞必須始終置于_ 1.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what will man look likeB. what man will look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like陳述陳述總結(jié)歸總結(jié)歸納納：2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Chr

4、istmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited 句首句首2. Our physics teacher once told us that light _ （ travel ） faster than sound.travels總結(jié)總結(jié)歸納：歸納：3) )主句的動(dòng)詞用主句的動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)可根據(jù)需要選用從句謂語(yǔ)可根據(jù)需要選用各種各種時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)1. He said that he will go to

5、 the station.3. Tom says that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months. 1 1）主句的動(dòng)詞用）主句的動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去過(guò)去時(shí)，時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)的某種時(shí)態(tài)2 2）主句的動(dòng)詞用主句的動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去過(guò)去時(shí)，時(shí)，從句表示從句表示客觀事實(shí)，格言，諺語(yǔ)客觀事實(shí)，格言，諺語(yǔ)等等 ，從句謂從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)wenthas beenwould何時(shí)開(kāi)會(huì)還沒(méi)有決定。何時(shí)開(kāi)會(huì)還沒(méi)有決定。 When the meeting will begin _ (h

6、ave) not been decided yet .他們何時(shí)出發(fā)和他們?nèi)ツ睦镞€沒(méi)有決定。他們何時(shí)出發(fā)和他們?nèi)ツ睦镞€沒(méi)有決定。When the person was murdered and why he was murdered_(is/are)still unknown.單個(gè)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單個(gè)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般一般用用_形式。如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)形式。如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用_形式。由形式。由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用_形式。形式。 總結(jié)歸總結(jié)歸

7、納：納：?jiǎn)螖?shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)hasWhen they will start and where they will go_(have)still unknown.何時(shí)何地開(kāi)會(huì)還沒(méi)有決定。何時(shí)何地開(kāi)會(huì)還沒(méi)有決定。When and where the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .havehas單數(shù)單數(shù)基本句型基本句型：It is +形容詞、名詞、過(guò)去分詞形容詞、名詞、過(guò)去分詞+ that . + (should) do a. It is important (necessary, natural, strange, advisab

8、le etc)+that b. It is a pity( a shame, no wonder etc)+that c. It is suggested (ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted etc)+that1. It is ordered that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to take C. must take D. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell

9、C. had told D. has told總結(jié)總結(jié)歸納：歸納：We suggested that the meeting _A.should put off B.be put off C. was put off D.putting off總結(jié)總結(jié)歸納：歸納：表示表示建議、要求、命令建議、要求、命令, ,堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持等等動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order后的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)后的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用詞用 _注意注意suggest 當(dāng)表示當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“講時(shí)，講時(shí)，insist 表表示示“堅(jiān)

10、持說(shuō)堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”之意時(shí)，之意時(shí)，從句按需要來(lái)選擇時(shí)態(tài)從句按需要來(lái)選擇時(shí)態(tài)(should) + do/be doneThe smile on his face suggested that he _(was/be/is)satisfied with our work.wasa. I wish I _(know) the answer now. b. I wish he _(pass) the exam yesterday.c. I wish I _ (fly) to the moon in a few years. 對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬時(shí)對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬時(shí)，that從句中謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí)從句中謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí)對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬時(shí)對(duì)

11、過(guò)去虛擬時(shí)，用用had過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞對(duì)將來(lái)虛擬時(shí)對(duì)將來(lái)虛擬時(shí)，用用would (might等等)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形knewhad passedwould fly總結(jié)總結(jié)歸納：歸納： 在在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即擬語(yǔ)氣，即_1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2. The order

12、 given by the commander was that they _ until the commander allowed them to. A. stopped B. didnt stop C. stop D. not stop總結(jié)總結(jié)歸納：歸納：(should) + do/be done1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. (0

13、9天津）天津）It is obvious to the students whether they should get well prepared for their future. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.itItthatwhether找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤總結(jié)歸總結(jié)歸納：納：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)，而謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí)，常常將從當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)，而謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí)，常常將從句句_，而用，而用it作為形式主語(yǔ)置于句首。作為形式主語(yǔ)置于句首。it 也可作形式賓語(yǔ)也可作形式賓語(yǔ)。 后置后置1. _ is known to us al

14、l that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (福建福建 2008) A. It B. What C. As D. Which2. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.（07年天津卷）年天津卷） A. this B. that C. it D. these Exercises_ is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing._is known

15、to all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.what 表什么（無(wú)選擇范圍）表什么（無(wú)選擇范圍）which表選擇表選擇, 哪一個(gè)（哪一個(gè)（有選擇范圍有選擇范圍） 1. -Do you know_Miss Zhus address is ? -She may live at No. 3 or No. 4 of Xianxing road. Im not sure of _. 2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? （01

16、北京春季）北京春季）whatwhich總結(jié)歸總結(jié)歸納：納：No. 3 or No. 4some book or otherwhich考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6 連接詞連接詞總結(jié)歸總結(jié)歸納：納：_等同類詞等同類詞既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而而 _等等只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。whateverNo matter what_ you go and _you do, Ill be right here waiting for you.whereverwhateverNo matter whereno matter what離開(kāi)房間的任

17、何人應(yīng)該把燈關(guān)掉。離開(kāi)房間的任何人應(yīng)該把燈關(guān)掉。_ought to turn off the light.他所有的任何東西都被日本士兵站占領(lǐng)了。他所有的任何東西都被日本士兵站占領(lǐng)了。_was seized by the Japanese soldiers.Whoever leaves the room lastWhatever he hadb) whatever /whoever/無(wú)論無(wú)論,不管不管however/whomever/whichever/ 1. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be

18、 punished.2. They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do _ _he wants them to do.Whatever 與與whoever的用法的用法Whatever/whoever可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。這種用法中，whatever/whoever 不含疑問(wèn)意義。Whatever=anything that; whoever=anyone whoAnyone whoAnything that1. （09湖南）湖南）2She is very dear to us. We have

19、been prepared to doit takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever2. _,mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late he is B. However he is late C. No matter how late he is D. No matter how he is late3_wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (浙

20、江浙江 2008)A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. WhoExercisesThat he wants to go there is obvious.I am sure that he will come tomorrow.The news that our team won the match inspired us.The result is that we won the game. 成分成分有無(wú)詞義有無(wú)詞義備注備注that無(wú)無(wú)無(wú)無(wú)賓語(yǔ)從句中賓語(yǔ)從句中可省可省，其余，其余不可不可省省是否是否無(wú)無(wú)主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)， 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)有有1）that 與與w

21、hether 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別( )1.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. (05廣東卷廣東卷) 2. We doubt _ he will defeat the others.3.The problem is _ we have enough time .4.It doesnt matter _ you come or not5.It all depends on_the sky is going to clear up. A.if B. that C. / D. whe

22、therwhether/ifwhetherwhatthatwhetherwhetherwhether2）whether 和和if的區(qū)別的區(qū)別That表確定表確定whether表是否表是否1)主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 /表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 / 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句/介詞后用介詞后用whether 2)Whether or not 連用連用3) Whether 與動(dòng)詞不定式連用與動(dòng)詞不定式連用1._(What/That /whether) was most important to her, she told me, was her family. （ 08山東卷）山東卷）2._ we cant get s

23、eems better than _ we have.A.What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what3._made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. AWhatwhetherBWhatthat CThatwhatDThatbecauseWhat與與 that 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別缺少成分缺少成分即主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)時(shí)用即主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)時(shí)用what考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)連接詞連接詞c).that/whether/

24、whatWhat 依據(jù)“缺什么補(bǔ)什么缺什么補(bǔ)什么”原則確定正確的連詞。所謂所謂“缺什么補(bǔ)什么缺什么補(bǔ)什么”是指是指句型結(jié)構(gòu)與連詞之間的關(guān)系。如果句句型結(jié)構(gòu)與連詞之間的關(guān)系。如果句子中子中缺主語(yǔ)，指人用缺主語(yǔ)，指人用who，指物用指物用what；如缺賓語(yǔ)，指人用如缺賓語(yǔ)，指人用whom，指，指物用物用what；如缺時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用如缺時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用when；地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)用地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)用where；原因狀語(yǔ)用；原因狀語(yǔ)用why；方式狀語(yǔ)用方式狀語(yǔ)用how；定語(yǔ)用定語(yǔ)用what或或which；什么都不缺用；什么都不缺用that。4. A modern city has been set up in _ was a w

25、asteland ten years ago. （04天津）天津） A. what B. which C. that D. where1. （08重慶卷）重慶卷）33. All people, _ they are old or young, rich or poor, men or women, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however2. （08北京卷）北京卷）The companies are work

26、ing together to create _they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. whothe place高考鏈接高考鏈接3. (09浙江）浙江）10Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.A. When B. that C. whether D. what考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句前的名詞

27、是一個(gè)具有抽象意味的名詞。從句同位語(yǔ)從句前的名詞是一個(gè)具有抽象意味的名詞。從句就是其內(nèi)容。就是其內(nèi)容。that在從句中在從句中_成分。而定語(yǔ)從句成分。而定語(yǔ)從句就是對(duì)前先行詞進(jìn)行修飾限定，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)代替先行詞在就是對(duì)前先行詞進(jìn)行修飾限定，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)代替先行詞在從句中從句中_句子成分。句子成分。1. （09江西）江西）The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though2. The suggestion

28、_he raised at the meeting is very good. A. which B. that C. what D. /3. The suggestion _ the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good. A. which B. that C. what D. /總結(jié)總結(jié)：不充當(dāng)不充當(dāng)充當(dāng)充當(dāng)做題順序：做題順序：“二看二看”一看一看_是否完整；二看是否完整；二看_確定答案。確定答案。從句從句句意句意： that,what ,which , whether, if, who, whom,whose, wh

29、atever ,whichever,whoever ,whomever,whoseverwhen, where, why, how 重點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)人們參加志愿者活動(dòng)的原因是他們有社會(huì)責(zé)人們參加志愿者活動(dòng)的原因是他們有社會(huì)責(zé)任感。作為一名學(xué)生，我會(huì)做我能做的事情任感。作為一名學(xué)生，我會(huì)做我能做的事情來(lái)奉獻(xiàn)社會(huì)。讓陷入困境的人們感到溫暖是來(lái)奉獻(xiàn)社會(huì)。讓陷入困境的人們感到溫暖是非常重要的。志愿者相信世界上有一部分最非常重要的。志愿者相信世界上有一部分最幸福的人就是那些給別人帶來(lái)快樂(lè)的人。幸福的人就是那些給別人帶來(lái)快樂(lè)的人。The reason why they take part in the volun

30、tary work is that they have their social responsibilities. As a student, I will do whatever I can to devote myself to our society. It is very important that we should let people in need feel warmer. Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others. TranslationThank you!Thank you!