《河南省新密一高高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)名詞 課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《河南省新密一高高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)名詞 課件（17頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been having been donedone，如：，如： Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. Seeing is believing.a. Its no use sending him over. Its too late already. Its no good talking a lot without doing anything. Its a

2、waste of time arguing about it.b. Theres no joking about such matters. Theres no saying what hell be doing next. Theres no telling what hes going to do.注：注：與與的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別： 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象的或泛指的動(dòng)作，一般不與特定的動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象的或泛指的動(dòng)作，一般不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；不定式作主語(yǔ)通常表示具體的動(dòng)作或行為，動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；不定式作主語(yǔ)通常表示具體的動(dòng)作或行為，往往與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起，如：

3、往往與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起，如： Its no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具體具體) a. 當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也要用動(dòng)名詞；當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也要用動(dòng)名詞；當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也要用不定式，如：主語(yǔ)也要用不定式，如： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.b. 動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語(yǔ)，一般都可以使用形式主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語(yǔ)，一般都可以使用形式主語(yǔ)，而將動(dòng)名而將動(dòng)名詞或不定式

4、放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用動(dòng)名詞，不宜詞或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用動(dòng)名詞，不宜用不定式來(lái)代替：用不定式來(lái)代替： Its no use doing Its no good doing Its a waste of time doing 例如：例如： Its no use going there today; he wont be at home. Its a waste of time arguing about it. Its no good waiting here. Lets walk home. 而在而在Its important / Its necessar

5、y / Its advisable / Its essential / Its fitting 這類句型中，只能用不定式，如：這類句型中，只能用不定式，如： Its important to learn foreign languages. Its quite necessary to read it many times. 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的含義及內(nèi)容，它與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的含義及內(nèi)容，它與主語(yǔ)是同等關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)互換位置不影響句子的基本含義，但不可是同等關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)互換位置不影響句子的基本含義，但不可用副詞來(lái)修飾。用副詞來(lái)修飾。 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)

6、時(shí)相當(dāng)于形容詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于形容詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)不可互換位置，但可用等，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)不可互換位置，但可用very, quite等副詞來(lái)修飾，等副詞來(lái)修飾，如：如： My job is looking after the children. Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. The situation is encouraging. This cake is very inviting. The volleyball match we watched was very exc

7、iting. ，如：，如：Hearing the words, she couldnt help thinking of her past bitterness.We all avoided mentioning that matter. 能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有兩類：能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有兩類： 一類是只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，其中有：一類是只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，其中有：avoid, admit, consider, delay, advise, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, give up, cant help, imagine, k

8、eep (on), dont mind, miss, practise, put off, stop, go on, resist, suggest等，如：等，如： Mary is considering changing her job. I enjoy working with you. Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow? 另一類是既可以用動(dòng)名詞，又可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，其另一類是既可以用動(dòng)名詞，又可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，其中有：中有：begin, cannot bear, continue, forget, hate, intend, li

9、ke, love, plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want, need, cant afford等。等。 上述動(dòng)詞盡管可以帶兩種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，但用法不盡相同，需要上述動(dòng)詞盡管可以帶兩種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，但用法不盡相同，需要注意下列幾個(gè)情況：注意下列幾個(gè)情況： 在在begin, start, cease, continue, cannot bear, hate, like, love, prefer, propose 等動(dòng)詞后，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)意義無(wú)大的出入，如：等動(dòng)詞后，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)意義無(wú)大的出入，如： She cant bear bei

10、ng laughed at / to be laughed at. 但是在下列情況下，通常用但是在下列情況下，通常用：a. 在在would like / love / prefer / hate 后表示一個(gè)特定的新動(dòng)作時(shí)：后表示一個(gè)特定的新動(dòng)作時(shí)： Id like to buy a suit. Id hate to disappoint them. b. 當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞已用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)：當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞已用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)： The water is beginning / starting to boil. Im starting to work on my essay next week.c. 在在begi

11、n 等后，非限定動(dòng)詞由某些狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成時(shí)（即：指心理等后，非限定動(dòng)詞由某些狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成時(shí)（即：指心理狀態(tài)或精神活動(dòng)時(shí)）：狀態(tài)或精神活動(dòng)時(shí)）： She began to believe his story. He began to realize that he was wrong.d. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物，不是人時(shí)：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物，不是人時(shí)： The water started / began to boil. The ice started / began to melt. 在在need, want, deserve等后，可用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含等后，可用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)

12、式，意義上無(wú)差別。但用動(dòng)名詞較為普遍，義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)式，意義上無(wú)差別。但用動(dòng)名詞較為普遍，（這時(shí)主語(yǔ)一般是物），如：（這時(shí)主語(yǔ)一般是物），如： The door needs oiling / to be oiled. 有的動(dòng)詞盡管可以用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，但意義明顯不同，須認(rèn)真加以有的動(dòng)詞盡管可以用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，但意義明顯不同，須認(rèn)真加以區(qū)別：區(qū)別： I forgot to close the door before I left the room. I forgot having closed the door. He tried to write better. (盡量努力地寫盡量努力地寫) He

13、 tried writing with a brush. (用毛筆試著寫用毛筆試著寫) I couldnt help finishing it. (不能不結(jié)束某事不能不結(jié)束某事) I couldnt help to finish it. (不能幫助結(jié)束某事不能幫助結(jié)束某事) They left off fishing. (停止釣魚停止釣魚) They left off to fish. (離開某處出發(fā)去釣魚離開某處出發(fā)去釣魚) I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的對(duì)現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示遺憾、抱歉事表示遺憾、抱歉

14、) I regret not taking your advice. (后悔后悔) 動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）還常常跟在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。常動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）還常常跟在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。常見的有：見的有：insist on / think of / dream of / object to / hear of / prevent from / keep from / stop from / feel like / be engaged in / look forward to / depend on / thank for / excuse for / devote to / set ab

15、out / spend in / get (be) used to / be fond of / be afraid of / be tired of / succeed in / be interested in / be proud of / burst out / give up 等，等，如：如： He insisted . They all objected . Are you interested ? Im thinking . I dont feel . She is afraid . He finally got tired . She devotes hours to help

16、ing Mother with housework on Sunday. 如：如： They broke in loud cheers . He warned me . She left . , she had to take care of the children. He felt uncomfortable . They were surprised .如：如： He hasnt much experience . Whats their reason ? Have you any objection ? He has little hope . They dont approve of

17、 his way . Im glad to have this opportunity .如：如： singing competition swimming pool dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking stick teaching method動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示被修飾名詞的用途，它和名詞之間動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示被修飾名詞的用途，它和名詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系

18、；而沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；而現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示被修飾作定語(yǔ)，表示被修飾名詞本身的動(dòng)作、行為，它和名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)名詞本身的動(dòng)作、行為，它和名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。系。 有時(shí)為了明確動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可以在動(dòng)名詞之有時(shí)為了明確動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可以在動(dòng)名詞之前加上一個(gè)前加上一個(gè)或或，來(lái)表示動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。，來(lái)表示動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。有時(shí)也可以用有時(shí)也可以用人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓格或或名詞普通格名詞普通格，不過(guò)，這主要用于口語(yǔ)，不過(guò)，這主要用于口語(yǔ)中。如：中。如： She wont hear of . Do you object to ?注：如果不是在

19、句子的開頭，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常用名詞的普通格或人稱注：如果不是在句子的開頭，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓格，如：代詞賓格，如： I dont like the idea of us / our not helping at all. I dont mind Jane buying another one.注：如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是表示無(wú)生命的東西的名詞，或不定注：如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是表示無(wú)生命的東西的名詞，或不定代詞，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如：代詞，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如： Is there any hope of your team winning the match?

20、The boy was alarmed by someone knocking at the door. 作主語(yǔ)：作主語(yǔ)： was a great encouragement to us.Nothing is worse than . (not: Li) wont be of much help. 作表語(yǔ)：作表語(yǔ)：Our sole worry is .Whats troubling them is . 作賓語(yǔ)：作賓語(yǔ)：Do you mind ?Please excuse . 作介詞賓語(yǔ)：作介詞賓語(yǔ)：They insisted on .Do you think there will be any

21、 chance of ? 動(dòng)名詞的一般形式通常表示一般性動(dòng)作（即不是明確地在過(guò)去、動(dòng)名詞的一般形式通常表示一般性動(dòng)作（即不是明確地在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：如：They are all interested in climbing mountains.He took a great delight in helping others.如：如：He didnt mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.I dont

22、remember having ever promised you that.在某些動(dòng)詞之后（或在成語(yǔ)中）常用（或可以用）動(dòng)名詞的一在某些動(dòng)詞之后（或在成語(yǔ)中）常用（或可以用）動(dòng)名詞的一般形式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：般形式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：Excuse me for coming late.I dont remember ever seeing him anywhere.如：如：This question is far from .He did it without .They insisted on .He didnt mind .They couldnt stand being treated like that.如果表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，有時(shí)需要用動(dòng)名如果表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，有時(shí)需要用動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)形式，如：詞的完成被動(dòng)形式，如： I dont remember