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1、UNIT 3LANGUAGE IN USE1. 組成句子的成分叫句子成分。組成句子的成分叫句子成分。2. 在句子中在句子中, 詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系系, 按照不同的關(guān)系按照不同的關(guān)系, 可以把句子分為不可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。同的組成成分。3. 句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)。 句子成分句子成分 4. 英語的基本成分有六種英語的基本成分有六種: 主語主語(subject), 謂語謂語(predicate), 表語表語(predicative), 賓賓語語(object), 定語定語(attribute)和狀語和狀語(adverbial)。主主

2、語語 1. 主語是一個(gè)句子的主題主語是一個(gè)句子的主題, 也是句子的也是句子的主體主體, 表示句子主要說明的人或事物。表示句子主要說明的人或事物。 2. 它的位置一般在句首。它的位置一般在句首。 3. 一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或代一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或代詞的詞、短語或句子等充當(dāng)。詞的詞、短語或句子等充當(dāng)。e.g. The meeting will begin at 9:00. (名詞名詞) We study in No. 1 Middle School.(代詞代詞) Smoking is bad for you. (動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞)謂謂 語語 1. 謂語是說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。謂語是說

3、明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 一般放在主語之后。一般放在主語之后。 2. 謂語一般是由動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞謂語一般是由動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞+表表 語擔(dān)當(dāng)。語擔(dān)當(dāng)。 3. 謂語必須和主語在謂語必須和主語在“人稱人稱”和和“數(shù)數(shù)”上上 保持一致。保持一致。 e.g. We work hard. (動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)詞） Mike likes his new book. His parents are teachers. (連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞+表語表語) She is reading.表表 語語 1. 表語是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)或身份表語是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)或身份等。等。 2. 表語位于連系動(dòng)詞之后表語位于連系動(dòng)詞之后, 二者構(gòu)

4、成系二者構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)表結(jié)構(gòu), 即合成謂語。即合成謂語。3. 表語由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或表語由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞、短語或句子等充當(dāng)。形容詞的詞、短語或句子等充當(dāng)。e.g. Her brother is a driver.(名詞名詞) Are you ready?(形容詞形容詞) We were at home last night. (介詞短語介詞短語) This book is mine, not yours. (代詞代詞) The film is exciting. (現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞)賓賓 語語 1. 賓語表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象。賓語表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象。 2. 只有

5、及物動(dòng)詞可帶賓語只有及物動(dòng)詞可帶賓語, 有些不及物有些不及物動(dòng)詞加上介詞或副詞也可帶賓語。動(dòng)詞加上介詞或副詞也可帶賓語。 3. 由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、 短語或句子擔(dān)當(dāng)。短語或句子擔(dān)當(dāng)。 e.g. He often helps me. (代詞代詞) We study English at school. (名詞名詞) If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. (數(shù)詞數(shù)詞) Remember to buy some stamps. (動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式) He likes making you laugh. (動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞) He sai

6、d, “You are wrong.” (句子句子) Do you understand what I mean? (從句從句)賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系, 它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。1. 名詞名詞/代詞賓格代詞賓格 + 名詞：名詞： The war made him a soldier. 2. 名詞名詞/代詞賓格代詞賓格 + 形容詞：形容詞： Please keep the room clean.3. 名詞名詞/代詞賓格代詞賓格 + 介詞短語：介詞短

7、語： I often find him at work.4. 名詞名詞/代詞賓格代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式： The teacher ask the students to close the windows.5. 名詞名詞/代詞賓格代詞賓格 + 分詞：分詞： I saw a cat running across the road.狀狀 語語 狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句, 說明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、說明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。用作狀語讓步、方向、程度、目的等。用作狀語的通常是副詞。的通常是副詞。1) 副詞副

8、詞 (短語短語) 作狀語：作狀語： The boy needs a pen very much. (程度狀語程度狀語) The boy needs a pen now. (時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語)2) 介詞短語作狀語：介詞短語作狀語： In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. (地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語) Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. (條件狀語條件狀語) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. (時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語) 3) 不定式作狀語不定式作狀語: The bo

9、y needs a pen to do his homework. (目的狀語目的狀語)4) 名詞作狀語名詞作狀語: Come this way! (方向狀語方向狀語)定定 語語 1. 定語是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作定語是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子的句子成分。用的詞、短語或句子的句子成分。2. 定語有前置定語和后置定語。定語有前置定語和后置定語。3. 充當(dāng)定語的詞有充當(dāng)定語的詞有: 形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞所形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞所 有格、方位副詞、不定式、動(dòng)詞的有格、方位副詞、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、過去分詞和從句等。形式、過去分詞和從句等。e.g. T

10、om is a handsome boy. (形容詞作定語形容詞作定語 ) His name is Tom. (代詞作定語代詞作定語) The boy in blue is Tom. (介詞短語作定語介詞短語作定語) There is nothing to do today. (不定式作定語不定式作定語)英語基本句型列式如下英語基本句型列式如下:基本句型一基本句型一: S V (主謂）主謂） 基本句型二基本句型二: S V P (主系表主系表)基本句型三基本句型三: S V O (主謂賓主謂賓) 基本句型四基本句型四: S V O O (主謂間賓直賓主謂間賓直賓) 基本句型五基本句型五: S

11、V O C (主謂賓賓補(bǔ)主謂賓賓補(bǔ)) 基本句型六基本句型六: there be +主語主語+狀語狀語Complete Sentence b with the same meaning as a.e.g. a) I saw him. He was playing the violin. b) I saw him playing the violin.1. a) When I hear that song, I feel happy. b) That song always makes _ .2. a) He found a wallet. The wallet was lying on the

12、road. b) He found _.me happya wallet lying on the road3. a) When my mother has too much housework, I often help her. b) I often help _.4. a) Parents often say: “Children should be polite.” b) Parents often ask _my mother do houseworkchildren to be polite.Put the words and phrases in the correct orde

13、r to make sentences. (Activity 1)Answers:1. _ _2. _3. _I bought my mother a new book for her birthday.She showed me her stamp collection.I often watch sport on TV.4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _Im a writer.I read a lot.My father wanted me to be a musician.I heard her sing.There are lots of fans in the muse

14、um.Im playing the piano. Complete the sentences with the words and expressions in Activity 3.Answers:1. _ 2. _3. _ 4. _5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _because as a resultas well assuch as tidy up look afterspend; income outComplete the passage with the words and expressions in Activity 5.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4.

15、_ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _ 9. _tidying uphobbiesAs a resultstampssuch asfanmodelticketscollectionLook at the picture in Activity 4. What activities does it show?Activities: cycling; painting; making model; looking after animals; readingDiscuss with your partner.1. Which are the most creative?2. Which of t

16、hem do you think you have the skills for?3. Which is the most useful skill to learn?4. Which do you think would be the most interesting for teenagers to do?Read the words and expressions in Activity 6. Fill them in the table.SportsCollectionOthersclimbingswimmingtennisvolleyballdolls fans models sta

17、mpsticketscampinggrowing vegetableslooking after animalspaintingtaking photosActivity 7Listen and choose the best answer.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ baccaRead the passage about “ Historical hobbies” and complete the sentences.1. English people have a hobby and they like to live in the way that

18、_.people lived long ago2. Some people in England _ _ people wore in the past.3. At the _, they live in the way that people did in the past.4. From this hobby, English people can _ in the past.dress in theclotheslearn a lot about lifeweekend1. Why do you think people do this?2. Would they like to do

19、it?3. Is there anything like this in China?4. Imagine a person, or tell about a real person if you know. Describe how strange and how special his hobby is.Now if you want to make a survey about others hobbies, what questions do you want to ask? Discuss in groups and try to make a questionnaire. Make

20、 a hobby questionnaire!TopicQuestion Answer 1 Answer 2SportBookCountryFoodTechnologyTransportDo the survey and make notes. Think about what kind of information might be interesting to find out. e.g. Which hobbies teenagers really dont like or which hobbies you all like. Write up your results and pre

21、sent them with charts and tables to us.1. You cant work all the time. You need a h_ to relax, for example, listening to music.2. After you have finished cooking, you must t_ everything up.請(qǐng)根據(jù)句意及所給首字母提示補(bǔ)全請(qǐng)根據(jù)句意及所給首字母提示補(bǔ)全所缺單詞。所缺單詞。idyobby3. I like this book. It is full of u_ information.4. Which a _do

22、you like better, playing volleyball or swimming?5. I saw many ships s_ in the sea.ailing sefulctivity Translate the phrases.1) 將來將來 _2) 結(jié)果結(jié)果 _3) 山地自行車運(yùn)動(dòng)山地自行車運(yùn)動(dòng) _4) 出版出版 _5) 例如例如 _ in the future as a resultmountain biking come out such as6) 試圖做某事試圖做某事_7) 整理整理 _8) 同同.一樣一樣_9) 空閑時(shí)間空閑時(shí)間 _10) 照顧照顧 _ try t

23、o do sth.tidy upas well as free timelook after1. 主語主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語表語 2. 主語主語+謂語謂語+狀語狀語 請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給句子結(jié)構(gòu)分別寫出一個(gè)請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給句子結(jié)構(gòu)分別寫出一個(gè)英文例句。英文例句。The film is fantastic. She gets up early every morning. 3. 主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語 4. 主語主語+謂語謂語+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語 5. 主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語+補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語Miss Wang teaches Chinese. My father bought me a new bike. I often help my father wash his car.