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1、Discovering useful words and expressions Find the word from the text for each of these meanings.1. _ action of defending oneself against an enemys attack.2. _ might happen or probably will be true.3. _ European country that is shaped like a boot. 4. _ small restaurant provided by a school for its st

2、udents or by a company for its employees.5. _ to be chosen to speak or act in place of someonedefencelikelyItalyCanteen representFind the word from the text for each of these meanings.6. _ to run or travel somewhere in a great hurry7 _ to come nearer to something or someone from a great distance8 _

3、group of people organized for a special purpose9 _ either side of the face below the eye 10 _ the act of flying, especially scheduled on a planedashapproachassociationcheekflightapproach cheek contrary curiously dash Jordan misunderstand Joan was sitting in the park. A tall, dark woman _ her, singin

4、g loudly. She looked as if she was from a Middle Eastern country, maybe _. After a minute, the woman stopped and started hitting her own _. Joan watched _, thinking that the woman seemed a little crazy. Suddenly, the woman saw Joan and _ over to her. Joan then realized that she had _ the womans acti

5、ons she wasnt crazy. She was, on the _, asking for help to kill a bee!approachedJordancheekcuriouslydashedComplete the passage with the words below in their proper forms.misunderstoodcontraryJulia was at _. She had just graduatedfrom university and was ready to begin life as an Independent _. She ha

6、d already received some great job offers from several _ companies and was very excited about the opportunities. While cleaning out her _ room on her last day at university, she received an unexpected phone call. The caller _ crossroadsadultmajordormitorygreetedadult crossroads major greeted flight s

7、poken dormitory association Colombia curious presentingUse words from the box to complete the paragraph below. her in careful English and then introduced himself as_ an international _. He had met Julie a few weeks ago at a job fair and was impressed with her _ English. The only difficulty was that

8、his company was in the country of _ . Julie was _ to find out more, so after talking with her parents that evening, she booked a _ to South America.representingassociationspokenColombiacuriousflightDiscovering useful structuresused as an adjective or adverbGrammar and usagesleeping studentsa boring

9、lessona smiling face一、一、The -ing form used as Attribute（-ing形式作定語）形式作定語）boiling waterflying kites a dancing girlthe rising sun(1) a swimming man(2) a swimming pool(2) a walking stick(1) a walking man =a man who is walking = a stick for walking小小 結(jié)結(jié) 1 -ing形式作定語既可表示動作正形式作定語既可表示動作正在進行（如例在進行（如例（1），此時相當(dāng)于

10、），此時相當(dāng)于一個定語從句；又可表示所修飾名一個定語從句；又可表示所修飾名詞的性質(zhì)或用途（如例詞的性質(zhì)或用途（如例（2）。）。a running manThe man running inthe picture is Liu Xiang. attributeThe man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.相當(dāng)于：相當(dāng)于：The teacher teaching us English is Mr. Qi. =The teacher who is teaching us English is Mr. Qi.THE PEOPLE SITTING

11、BEHIND US ARE ALL TEACHERS.The expert coming from Huaian is a lady called Ms Cai.=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers.=The expert who comes from Huaian is a lady called Ms Cai.Translate the following phrases.a reading rooma washing machinean exciting eveningan interesting crosstalk

12、閱覽室閱覽室洗衣機洗衣機激動人心的夜晚激動人心的夜晚有趣的相聲有趣的相聲單個的單個的-ing形式作定語，放在所形式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞前面；修飾的名詞前面；-ing短語作定短語作定語則放在所修飾的名詞之后。語則放在所修飾的名詞之后。小小 結(jié)結(jié) 2 2a sleeping cara smoking room listening practice an opening speecha booking officerunning water臥鋪車臥鋪車吸煙室吸煙室聽力練習(xí)聽力練習(xí)開幕詞開幕詞售票處售票處自來水自來水二、二、-ing形式作狀語形式作狀語-ing短語在句子中可作狀語，來修飾謂短語在句

13、子中可作狀語，來修飾謂語動詞或整個句子，表示動作發(fā)生的時語動詞或整個句子，表示動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步或伴隨等間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步或伴隨等情況。情況。-ing短語作狀語一般表示一個次短語作狀語一般表示一個次要的動作，要的動作， 一般都可以變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的狀一般都可以變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的狀語從句或并列句。語從句或并列句。1. 作時間狀語作時間狀語-ing短語作時間狀語要置于句首。如：短語作時間狀語要置于句首。如：Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt

14、 help crying. 當(dāng)聽到這個不幸的消息時，他們情不自當(dāng)聽到這個不幸的消息時，他們情不自禁地哭了起來。禁地哭了起來。Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我決定給他回信。收到他的信后，我決定給他回信。 2. 作原因狀語作原因狀語-ing短語作原因狀語置于句首。如：短語作原因狀語置于句首。如：Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.=Because he

15、 was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. 因為太生氣了，他不能入睡。因為太生氣了，他不能入睡。 Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. =Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. 因為他已經(jīng)去過長城許多次，上周他就因為他已經(jīng)去過長城許多次，上周他就沒去。沒去。3. 作條件狀語作條件狀語-ing作條件狀語置于句首或句末。如：作條件狀語置于句首或句末。如：Wor

16、king hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奮一點，你就會成功。如果你勤奮一點，你就會成功。Being given more attention, the trees could have grown better.=If they had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果對這些樹再多注意些，它們可如果對這些樹再多注意些，它們可能長得更好。能長得更好。4. 作讓步狀語作讓步狀語 -ing短語作讓步狀語，可

17、置于句首或短語作讓步狀語，可置于句首或 句末，常與句末，常與even if, though 連用。如：連用。如：Though working from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food.=Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. 雖然他父親從早到晚拼命地干活，但是雖然他父親從早到晚拼命地干活，但是他還是掙不到足夠的吃的。他還是掙不到足夠的吃的。 5. 作伴隨狀語作伴隨狀語置于句首或句末。如：置于句首或句末。如：

18、They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他們又唱又笑地走進教室。他們又唱又笑地走進教室。When working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.=When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.注意：注意：1. -ing短語與短語與when, while, though, until, if等連詞連用時，相

19、當(dāng)于這些等連詞連用時，相當(dāng)于這些連詞引導(dǎo)的一個從句。如：連詞引導(dǎo)的一個從句。如：Though willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation. =Though he was willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation.While staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.=While he was staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.If playing all day,

20、 you will waste your valuable time. =If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time.Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. =Though it was raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.2. 動詞動詞-ing形式在句中作狀語時，其邏形式在句中作狀語時，其邏輯主語與主句的主語保持一致。如：輯主語與主句的主語保持一致。如： He traveled on the plane like this,

21、 keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket. = When he traveled on the plane like this, he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobo

22、dy was found in it.Choose the correct sentence.3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.5. a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week. b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.-ing形式的否定式為在其前面加形式的否定式為在其前面加not。如：如： He sat there, not knowing what to say.