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1、The PredicateThe PredicateUnit 2 GrammarUnit 2 GrammarObjectives1. 明確謂語的概念；明確謂語的概念；2. 復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞謂語的用法；復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞謂語的用法；2. 辨認(rèn)謂語的形式。辨認(rèn)謂語的形式。Sea captains observed the clouds over islands.In the evening nesting birds return to land and their nests.Fog gathers at sea as well as over streams or rivers.Wise seamen used

2、 the winds to direct their sailing.We call the red words Predicates.So the Vikings would observe the winds before and during their outward or return journeys.Nobody knew that the earth moved westwards 15 degrees every hour, but sailors did know an approximate method of calculating longitude using sp

3、eed and time. 謂語謂語表述主語的行為動(dòng)作或所處表述主語的行為動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)。通常放置在主語之后。的狀態(tài)。通常放置在主語之后。謂語的中心詞是限定動(dòng)詞，有人謂語的中心詞是限定動(dòng)詞，有人稱、數(shù)的變化。稱、數(shù)的變化。及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞可分為動(dòng)詞可分為:需要跟有賓語的動(dòng)詞叫需要跟有賓語的動(dòng)詞叫及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞。Children seek independence.The trial raised a number of questions.He has always liked Mr. Philips.He made the shor

4、test speech I have ever heard.不需要跟賓語的動(dòng)詞叫不需要跟賓語的動(dòng)詞叫不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞。Her whole body ached.Donald was lying on the bed.Bob coughed all night.許多動(dòng)詞往往既是不及物動(dòng)詞又是及許多動(dòng)詞往往既是不及物動(dòng)詞又是及物動(dòng)詞。物動(dòng)詞。Gus asked me whether Id like to have dinner with him. I accepted. (vi.)I accepted the invitation. (vt.)He painted every day. (vi

5、.)He painted vivid portraits of friends and acquaintances. (vt.)Father never smoked or drank all his life. (vi.)He drank a good deal of coffee. (vt.)At last she thanked them and left. (vi.)All I know is that Michael and I never left the house. (vt.)謂語大體上可以分為兩類：謂語大體上可以分為兩類：簡(jiǎn)單謂語簡(jiǎn)單謂語和和復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合謂語。The plan

6、e takes off at 8 but this morning it may be delayed by the thick fogI have tried this way three times and failed three times簡(jiǎn)單謂語簡(jiǎn)單謂語凡是由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成，不管是凡是由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成，不管是什么時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，都是簡(jiǎn)單謂語。什么時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，都是簡(jiǎn)單謂語。飛機(jī)八點(diǎn)起飛，但今天早晨可能會(huì)被大飛機(jī)八點(diǎn)起飛，但今天早晨可能會(huì)被大霧耽擱。霧耽擱。我用這種方法試了三次，失敗了三次。我用這種方法試了三次，失敗了三次。復(fù)合謂語有兩類：第一類是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞復(fù)合謂

7、語有兩類：第一類是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原型或動(dòng)詞不定式與另外的詞構(gòu)成；動(dòng)詞原型或動(dòng)詞不定式與另外的詞構(gòu)成；第二類是由第二類是由“系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語表語”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合謂語I would like to invite all my friends tothe get-together.我想邀請(qǐng)我所有的朋友去參加聚會(huì)。我想邀請(qǐng)我所有的朋友去參加聚會(huì)。 The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer. 天氣變的暖了，白天變的長(zhǎng)了。天氣變的暖了，白天變的長(zhǎng)了。 意義一致原則、語法一致原則和鄰近原意義一致原則、語法一致原則和鄰近原則則。這三個(gè)原則常

8、常發(fā)生矛盾，但當(dāng)發(fā)。這三個(gè)原則常常發(fā)生矛盾，但當(dāng)發(fā)生沖突時(shí)，生沖突時(shí)，意義一致原則意義一致原則為優(yōu)先考慮的為優(yōu)先考慮的原則。原則。英語中的主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則：英語中的主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則： 主語和謂語通常是從語法形式主語和謂語通常是從語法形式上取得一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式，上取得一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式；主語是謂語動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采取復(fù)數(shù)形復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。式。語法一致原則語法一致原則1. Mr Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS2. These books are inte

9、nded for children under nine years old布萊克先生是著名艾滋病科學(xué)家。布萊克先生是著名艾滋病科學(xué)家。這些書是專門為九歲以下的兒童這些書是專門為九歲以下的兒童設(shè)計(jì)的。設(shè)計(jì)的。The old are very well taken care ofin our city意義一致原則意義一致原則意義一致原則意義一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞的變化是指謂語動(dòng)詞的變化是是以主語所表達(dá)的單、復(fù)數(shù)概念而定。以主語所表達(dá)的單、復(fù)數(shù)概念而定。(the old指所有的老年人，指一類人，指所有的老年人，指一類人，指復(fù)數(shù)概念指復(fù)數(shù)概念) 老年人在我們城市被照老年人在我們城市被照顧得很好。顧得很

10、好。鄰近一致原則鄰近一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞的變化是是指謂語動(dòng)詞的變化是以靠近謂語動(dòng)詞的主語部分而定。以靠近謂語動(dòng)詞的主語部分而定。鄰近一致原則鄰近一致原則Not Jack but his parents are to blamefor the home accident(根據(jù)靠近謂語的主語根據(jù)靠近謂語的主語his parents而定而定)不是杰克而是他父母應(yīng)為這個(gè)家庭事不是杰克而是他父母應(yīng)為這個(gè)家庭事故受到責(zé)備。故受到責(zé)備。 1 代詞代詞each和由和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語，或主語等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語，或主語中含有中含有each, every, 謂語需

11、用單數(shù)。謂語需用單數(shù)。謂語需用單數(shù)的幾種情形謂語需用單數(shù)的幾種情形a Each of us has a tape-recorder.b There is something wrong with my watch.The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.2 當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時(shí)，當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。一千零一夜一千零一夜是被英語愛好者是被英語愛好者所熟知的一本書。所熟知的一本書。3 表示金錢，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡表示金錢，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時(shí)，通常把這些的復(fù)合名

12、詞作主語時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語一般用單名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。數(shù)。( (用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變) )Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.Underline the predicates in the sentences. 1. James Cook was a great English navigator and Pacific Ocean expedition leader.2. He had not only an outstanding ability in

13、 navigation and exploration, but also a real concern for sailors health. He carried out compulsory dietary reforms that were copied by many other ship captains.3. He had led three great Pacific voyages during his life.4. In his first Pacific voyage in 1769, James Cook rounded Cape Horn, then spent s

14、ix months charting New Zealand, and finally explored and claimed possession of eastern Australia.5. In 1772, Captain Cook set sail to look for a “theorized great southern continent”. Although they could not manage to reach the Antarctic owing to the ice, he predicted that if it did exist, it would h

15、ave to be a wasteland. 6. In 1776, Captain cook started his third Pacific voyage, searching for the Northwest Passage from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. Unfortunately, he was killed in a dispute with Hawaiian natives and his mens attempt at the Northwest Passage was unsuccessful. However,

16、 this voyage is still recognized as especially significant in the history of the discovery of the west coast of North America.At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunchA. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat答案解析答案解析：本題考查并列謂語的選擇。本題考查

17、并列謂語的選擇。found與與sat down應(yīng)為并列謂語，而其余各應(yīng)為并列謂語，而其余各項(xiàng)均為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式不能單獨(dú)作項(xiàng)均為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式不能單獨(dú)作謂語，解題時(shí)務(wù)必注意并列連詞的謂語，解題時(shí)務(wù)必注意并列連詞的作用。作用。 Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A. work B. working C. is working D. are working答案解析：答案解析：本題考查主謂一致用法。當(dāng)本題考查主謂一致用法。當(dāng)“主語主語 + al

18、ong with / with / together with + n. / pron. ” 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)。其謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)。其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與主語保持一致。的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與主語保持一致。 因因Professor Smith作主語，故應(yīng)用單數(shù)作主語，故應(yīng)用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞is working。Review復(fù)習(xí)謂語：復(fù)習(xí)謂語：1. 謂語的定義；謂語的定義；2. 謂語的類型（簡(jiǎn)單謂語和復(fù)合謂謂語的類型（簡(jiǎn)單謂語和復(fù)合謂 語）；語）；3. 主謂一致。主謂一致。Individual activity1. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us ab

19、out Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江蘇江蘇) A. is B. are C. was D. wereQuiz I: Multiple choice 2. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. (2006浙江浙江) A. is B. are C. was D. were3. A survey of the opin

20、ions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. (2007江西江西) A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are4. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. (2007湖南湖南) A. is B. are C. has been D.

21、have been5. The performance _ nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early. (2008全國(guó)全國(guó)I) A. covered B. reached C. played D. lasted6. The story of the homeless orphan has _ sympathy from the public. (2008上海春上海春) A. aroused B. attracted C. defended D. adopted7. The teacher together with th

22、e students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. (2009四川四川) A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 8. The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. (2009江蘇江蘇) A. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. are g

23、rowing9. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. (2010全國(guó)全國(guó)II) A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 10. Such poets as Shakespeare _ widely read, of whose works, however, some _ difficult to understand. (2010四川四川) A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is;

24、 are1. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ (keep) rising these days.2. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ (repair) at the garage. 3. What we used to think _ (be) impossible does seem possible now. keepsis being repairedwasQuiz II: 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式 填空。填空。4. The use

25、of credit cards in place of cash _ (increase) in recent years.5. Newton _ (explain) the movements of the moon from the attraction of the earth.6. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ (phone) to ask how I am going to spend the money. has increasedhas explainedare ph

26、oningQUIZ III: TRANSLATION1. 昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。 I made your birthday cake last night. 2. 課上完了，我們回家吧。課上完了，我們回家吧。 School is over. Lets go home. 3. 他看起來很憂愁。他看起來很憂愁。 He looked worried. 4. 地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋。地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋。 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water. 5. 他們想得到的是大量的好書。他們想得到的是大量的好書。 What they want to get are a number of good books. 6. 我父親和他的同事曾去過北京。我父親和他的同事曾去過北京。 My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. Finish the Exercises USING STRUCTURES on Page 62 in your Workbooks.