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1、第 8 講 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞1play _ _ _ _playing2go _ _ _ _3study _ _ _ _studying4have _ _ _ _having5find _ _ _ _6teach _ _ _ _playsplayed playedgoinggoeswentgonestudiesstudiedstudiedhashadhadfindingfindsfoundfoundteachingteachestaught taught7put _ _ _ _8speak _ _ _ _9learn _ _ _ _10f

2、eel _ _ _ _feeling二、用所給動詞的適當形式填空1Dont be noisy.Mum _ (talk) with the guest in thesitting room.is talking2When _ you _ (buy) the e-dictionary? Last month.3Why didnt you come and open the door for me, dear?Oh, sorry.I _ (cook) in the kitchen.I didnt hearyou.was cookingputtingputsputputspeakingspeakssp

3、okespokenlearninglearnslearned/learntlearned/learntfeltfeelsfeltdidbuy4He _ (join) us in the discussion tomorrow. 5 Henry speaks Chinese very well.He _ (be) in Chinasince ten years ago.has been6 Cindy will never drive the car because she _ (hate)driving.hates7English _ (speak) in many countries. 8 T

4、hese magazines must not _ (take) out of thereading room.be taken9You _ (laugh) at if you wear that dress.10What _ (happen) in this area last night?happenedwill joinis spokenwill be laughed三、將下列主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)1Someone will tell you how to prepare for the examination._2We must finish the work by six oclock

5、 this afternoon._3Do you often clean your room?_4Could you carry out the plan on time?_5They gave him a medal for his wonderful work._You will be told how to prepare for the examination bysomeone.The work must be finished by us by six oclock this afternoon.Is your room often cleaned by you?Could the

6、 plan be carried out on time?He was given a medal by them for his wonderful work./Amedal was given to him by them for his wonderful work.時態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時間狀語例句 一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)；表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作；表示主語具備的性格、特征和能力等；表示客觀真理 主語是第三 人稱單數(shù)時 用動詞的第 三人稱單數(shù) 形式，其他 情況用動詞原形sometimes, often,usually, always,never, in the morning/afternoo

7、n/ evening, at noon,every day, onSunday(s), at seven等He plays socceron Sundays.星期天他踢足球。Light travelsfaster thansound. 光速比音速快。動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)?？嫉母鞣N時態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成 一般過去時 表示過去曾 經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或存在的 狀態(tài) 動詞的過去 式 yesterday, last night(Monday, week,month, year), in 2010, three monthsago, just now 等I was at the library yesterday a

8、fternoon.昨天下午我在圖書館。 一般將來時 表示將來發(fā) 生的動作或 存在的狀態(tài) shall/will 動詞原形； be going to 動詞原形 tomorrow, next year,in two years, from now on, in the future等They are going to have a sportsmeeting in a week.他們一周后要舉行運動會。 現(xiàn)在進行時 表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正 在進行或發(fā)生的動作is/am/are 動詞的現(xiàn)在 分詞(v.-ing) now, at the moment, at present, these days 等We

9、 are havingan English classnow.我們現(xiàn)在正在上英語課。 過去進行時 表示過去某 個時刻或某 一階段正在 進行或發(fā)生 的動作 was/were 動詞的現(xiàn)在 分詞at this time yesterday, at 9 last night, then 等They werewatching TV at7 last night.昨晚七點他們正在看電視?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果；表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)have/has分詞already, just, yet,生的某一動時間點/一般過去時的從句， eversinc

10、e, so far, in thepast/last.years 等They haveknown eachfor時間段， sincecame to thisschool.他們自從來到這所學校就相互認識了。ever, never, before,other since they動詞的過去注意：come, go, leave, arrive 等表示位置移動的動詞可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示即將發(fā)生的或計劃好的事情。如：She is leaving for Hong Kong tonight.今晚她將動身去香港。動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)1一般情況直接加-s。如：looklooks readreads stopsto

11、ps2以 s, x, ch, sh, o 結(jié)尾的動詞加-es。如：missmisses fixfixeswatchwatcheswashwashesdodoes3輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的動詞，變 y 為 i 再加-es。如：carrycarrieshurryhurries crycries4be 動詞的三種形式：am, is, are5特殊：havehas動詞的過去式和過去分詞1規(guī)則動詞：(1)一般情況直接加-ed。如：cleancleaned rainrained watchwatched(2)以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾的動詞，只加-d。如：likeliked livelived movemove

12、d(3)以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstopped dropdropped planplanned(4)以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的動詞，應變 y 為 i 再加-ed。 如：studystudied carrycarried crycried2不規(guī)則動詞：不規(guī)則動詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)律性不強，只能分別記憶。(請參看九年級英語課本最后一頁)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1一般情況在詞尾加-ing。如：dodoing studystudying listenlistening2以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾的動詞，去 e 加-ing。如：havehaving makema

13、king3以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ing。如：beginbeginning runrunning getgetting4以字母 ie 結(jié)尾的動詞，變 ie 為 y 再加-ing。如：diedying lielying現(xiàn)在完成時中的一些重要用法1短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞短暫性動詞可用于完成時態(tài)，說明某個動作的結(jié)果還存在，但不能與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，也不能用于 how long引導的特殊疑問句中。如需使用，此時要將短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞。如：borrowkeepbuyhavediebe deadjoinbe a member of/be inbegin/

14、startbe onfinish/endbe overcome/go/arrivebe in/atleavebe away (from)becomebeopenbe openclosebe closedsleepbe asleepmarrybe marriedreturnbe backget upbe up2have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的區(qū)別(1)have/has gone to 強調(diào)“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人還未回來。如：Has he gone to Qingdao？他去青島了嗎？(2)have/has be

15、en to 強調(diào)“去過某地”，人已經(jīng)回來了。如：She has been to Shanghai before.她以前曾經(jīng)去過上海。(3)have/has been in 強調(diào)“一直待在某地”，常與一段時間連用。如：He has been in Shanghai for ten years.他在上海十年了。3現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去動作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)；一般過去時僅強調(diào)在過去某一時刻曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。如：He has studied English for five years.他學英語五年了。(說明他現(xiàn)在還在學)He studied E

16、nglish for five years.他曾學過五年英語。(只說明他過去學過五年英語，但現(xiàn)在學不學就不知道了)(2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)則表示主語是謂語動作的承受者。中考考綱只要求考生掌握一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時及含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：肯定句：主語am/is/are過去分詞否定句：主語am/is/arenot過去分詞一般疑問句：Am/Is/Are主語過去分詞？2一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：

17、肯定句：主語was/were過去分詞否定句：主語was/werenot過去分詞一般疑問句：Was/Were主語過去分詞？3一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：肯定句：主語will/shallbe過去分詞否定句：主語will/shallnotbe過去分詞一般疑問句：Will/Shall主語be過去分詞？4含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：肯定句：主語情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞否定句：主語情態(tài)動詞notbe過去分詞一般疑問句：情態(tài)動詞主語be過去分詞？被動語態(tài)的用法1當不知道或沒必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者時，用被動語態(tài)。如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦昨晚被盜了。Th

18、is bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋于 1981 年竣工。2需強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時常用被動語態(tài)。此時動作的執(zhí)行者由 by 引導且置于謂語動詞之后，也可省略。如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打碎的。This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。3當動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時，多用被動語態(tài)。如：The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整個村莊都被洪水沖走了。The window was blown open by wind.窗戶被風吹開了

19、。4表示客觀的說明常用“It is過去分詞that 從句”句型。這類句型有：It is said that.據(jù)說It is known to all that.眾所周知It is reported that.據(jù)報道It is believed that.大家相信5為了使句子簡練，上下文緊湊、連貫，常使用被動語態(tài)。如：Apples are good for health and are liked by almost everyone.蘋果對健康有益，幾乎被所有人喜歡。When he was five, he was taught how to swim.五歲的時候，他就被教會如何游泳。6文章的

20、標題、廣告、新聞等用語也常使用被動語態(tài)。如：Teachers Wanted.招聘老師。(省略 are)Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略 is)注意：不及物動詞(短語)happen/take place, appear, disappear,come true, come out 等無被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示被動意義1 系動詞系動詞 look, sound, smell, taste, seem, turn, get, become等的主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義(系動詞無被動式)。如：The idea sounds great.這主意聽起來不錯。The flowers look beautif

21、ul.這些花看起來很漂亮。2動詞不定式動詞不定式作定語時常用主動形式表示被動意義。如：I have a lot of homework to do every day.我每天都有很多作業(yè)要做。I have a letter to write.我有一封信要寫。3need doing (need to be done)用主動形式表示被動意義。如：Our house needs painting.Our house needs to be painted.我們的房子需要粉刷了。( )1.(2011 年廣東)Alan, its late.Why not go to bed?Jenny hasnt co

22、me back yet.I _ for her.CAwaitedCam waitingBhave waitedDwas waiting解析：由題意可知是“正在等她”，且由“its late”可知表示現(xiàn)在，故用現(xiàn)在進行時。()2.(2011 年廣東)People who drink wine _ to driveafter May Day.D解析：題意：“5.1”節(jié)之后喝了酒的人不(可以)被允許開車。由題意可知應用被動語態(tài)，B 項主謂不一致，故選 D。Adont allowBisnt allowedCmustnt allowDmustnt be allowed()3.(2011 年廣東)Our

23、math teacher _ in our school解析：題意：我們數(shù)學老師在我們學校教書 20 年了，當他23 歲的時候他就來到這里了。由 for 20 years 可知，動作從 20年前持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時；由“when he was 23 yearsold”時間狀語從句可知，動作發(fā)生在 23 歲時，故要用一般過去時。選 D。for 20 years and he _ here when he was 23 years old. Ahas taught; has come Btaught; comes Ctaught; came Dhas taught; cameD()4.(2

24、011 年廣東廣州)Yesterday evening, I _ alongthe street when I suddenly met my maths teacher.CAwalkCwas walkingBwalkedDam walking解析：題意：昨天晚上我正沿著街道散步，突然遇到我的數(shù)學老師?！吧⒉健边@個動作是遇到老師時正在進行的，故用過去進行時。()5.(2011 年廣東佛山)The Chinese Culture Day _in New York City on April 20th, 2011.C解析：“on April 20th, 2011”表示的是過去時間，celebrat

25、e 與the Chinese Culture Day 是動賓關(guān)系，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。AcelebratedBis celebratedCwas celebrated()6.(2011 年 廣 東 佛 山 )Most of the sandstorms in ourcountry _ in spring, from March to May.AAhappenBhappensCis happening解析：由時間狀語“in spring, from March to May”可知時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語為復數(shù)，故選 A。()7.(2011 年 廣 東 佛 山 )The Guangzhou

26、Tower _thousands of tourists since it was open to the public.CAattractsBattractedChas attracted解析：由時間狀語“since it was open to the public”可知應用現(xiàn)在完成時。( )8.(2011 年廣東深圳)When should I hand in my paper?Your paper must _ as soon as the bell _. Ahand in; ringsBhand in; will ringCbe handed in; will ringDbe han

27、ded in; rings解析：hand in 與 paper 之間是動賓關(guān)系，故第一空用被動語態(tài)；as soon as 引導的時間狀語從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，故選 D。D()9.(2011 年廣東梅州)The boss made him work 14 hours aday.That means, he _ work 14 hours a day.DAwas madeCwas makingBmadeDwas made to解析：由前一句可知“他被迫每天工作 14 個小時”，且前一句的謂語動詞 made 是一般過去時，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。make sb.do 的被動語態(tài)要加上省

28、略的 to，即 be made to do。故選 D。( )10.(2011 年廣東肇慶)Your classroom is very clean.Yes, it _ every day.AAis cleanedBcleansCis cleaning解析：由時間狀語 every day 可知要用一般現(xiàn)在時，且 it(即your classroom)是 clean 這一動作的承擔者，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，選 A。Ahas begunBhas been onCbegan解析：由時間狀語 since half an hour ago 可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，且 begin 為短暫性動詞，不能與一段時間

29、連用，故用 be on。選B。 ( )11.(2011 年廣東肇慶)You are too late.The film _since half an hour ago.B()12.(2011 年 廣 東 清 遠 )Echo _ for half amonth.Shell come back in two months.AleftChas leftBleaveDhas been away解析：時間狀語 for half a month 為一段時間，故謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞；且由后一句“她將兩個月后回來”說明已經(jīng)離開，應用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。故選 D。D()13.(2010 年廣東)Robert wit

30、h his two kids _ to thebeach for vacation every year.AgoCwentBgoesDare going解析：由時間狀語 every year 可知用一般現(xiàn)在時；句中的“with his two kids”為伴隨狀語，主語為前面的 Robert，故謂語動詞只能用第三人稱單數(shù) goes。BC( )14.(2010 年廣東)Do you know her well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.AwereChave beenBhave madeDhave become解析：根據(jù)后面的 since ten

31、years ago 可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，且 make 和 become 均為短暫性動詞，不能與一段時間連用，故用 have been。()15.(2010 年 廣 東 )The 16th Asian Games _ inGuangzhou in November, 2010.AholdsCwas heldBwill holdDwill be held解析：由時間狀語“in November, 2010”可知要用將來時態(tài)，且 Asian Games 是 hold 這一動作的承擔者，故用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。選 D。D()16.(2010 年 廣 東 深 圳 )Have you ever _Aust

32、ralia?A解析：題意：“你曾經(jīng)去過澳大利亞嗎？”“是的。跟袋鼠一起玩真的很有趣?！庇深}意可知表示“去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了，故用 have been to；固定句型 it is interesting to do sth.意為“做某事很有趣”。Yes, I have.Its really interesting _ with kangaroos.Abeen to; to playBgone to; playedCbeen to; playDgone to; playing( )17.(2010 年廣東梅州)May I speak to John?B解析：由答語可知“去日本了還沒回來”，可

33、知要用 hasgone to；由時間狀語 in two days 及題意可知要用一般將來時的肯定式，故選 B。Sorry, he _ Japan.But he _ in two days.Ahas been to; will come backBhas gone to; will be backChas been in; would come backDhas gone to; wont come back()18.(2010 年 廣 東 肇 慶 )According to the library rules,Cbooks _ for two weeks at most.Acan be bor

34、rowedBcan keep解析：borrow 是短暫性動詞，不能與 for two weeks 連用，故要用延續(xù)性動詞 keep; keep 與 books 是動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)，選 C。AusesBis usedCis usingDused解析：it(指 cleaner)與 use 之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。Ccan be kept( )19.(2010 年廣東廣州)Excuse me, whats this for?Its a cleaner and it _ to pick up dirt.B(year.)20.(2010 年廣東湛江)I heard that Mr.Brown

35、 died lastYes, he has _ for a year, but we still miss him.Abeen deadCdiedBdeathDdying解析：由 for a year 可知要用延續(xù)性動詞，故用 been dead；death 為名詞，dying 為現(xiàn)在分詞，均不符合。 AfinishBwill finishChave finished解析：由后一句“我們?nèi)ズ缺Х劝伞笨芍拔乙呀?jīng)完成了工作”，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。 ( )21.(2010 年廣東佛山)I _ my work today.Lets gofor a coffee.AC()22.(2010 年 廣 東 佛 山 )Experts _ to makesuggestions to help the city develop.Awill inviteBare invited解析：experts 與 invite 之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。Chave invitedB