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1、 learning about languageWord-consolidation-I (2m)Answer key for Exercise 1:1. quit, tough2. accustomed to3. ashamed (of her)4. desperate5. (The) alcoholic (effects)6. strengthen (your muscles)7. pregnant8. disappointed9. decide onDiscovering useful words and expressionsPage 20ANSWER KEY FOR EXERCISE

2、 2:Word-consolidation-II (2m)cigarettes,alcohol,effects,adolescents,tough,stress,due to,addicted to,mental,quit,unfit,withdrawal The use of “it”Grammar (5m)1. It rains heavily (It is a rainy day). 2. It is 20 kilometers from Grandads house to James.3. It is November 11, 2005.4. It is 9 oclock at nig

3、ht.6. It is no good smoking.7. It is likely that he will succeed.真正主語(yǔ)真正主語(yǔ)真正主語(yǔ)真正主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)真正主語(yǔ)真正主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)Discovering “It”= _ is bad.To smoke= _ is no good.Smoking= _ is likely.That he will succeed5. It is bad to smoke.1. it的最基本用法是作代詞，主要指剛提的最基本用法是作代詞，主要指剛提到的事物，以避免到的事物，以避免 Xian is a beautiful

4、city, isnt it?2. 也可以指動(dòng)物或嬰兒也可以指動(dòng)物或嬰兒(未知性別的嬰兒未知性別的嬰兒或孩子或孩子): Is this your dog？No, it isnt.一、一、it 作人稱代詞作人稱代詞it有時(shí)并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、有時(shí)并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時(shí)間、日期、距離、價(jià)值、度量、溫度、時(shí)間、日期、距離、價(jià)值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等，稱為非人稱的環(huán)境等，稱為非人稱的it：指天氣：指天氣：It is a lovely day, isnt it?It is a bit windy.二、二、it作非人稱代詞作非人稱代詞 2. 指時(shí)間指時(shí)間: It was nearly mi

5、dnight when she came back.3. 指環(huán)境指環(huán)境: It was very quiet in the caf. 4. 指距離：指距離：It is half an hours walk to the city centre from my home.5. 指日期：指日期： -Whats the date today? -Its May 1, 2007.6. 指季節(jié)：指季節(jié)： It is summer now.7. 指度量：指度量： It is about 5 kilograms.8. 指指 -Whats the cost of the T-shirt? -It is 150

6、 yuan.替代作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、替代作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。三、三、it用作形式主語(yǔ)用作形式主語(yǔ)（1）It be adj.（for sb.）to do sth.此處此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illeg

7、al，well-mannered，ill-mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerousIt is illegal（for a teenager）to drive a car without a license.1. 代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式（2）It be adj. of sb. to do sth.此處此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：通常為描述人的形容詞：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，t

8、houghtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy. Its kind of you to help me with the problem.Its no good/use doingIts（well）worth doingIts（well）worth ones while doing/to doIts（well）worth while doing/ to doIts no use crying over spilt milk.(3) It替代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞的常見句型替代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞的常見

9、句型2. it作形式主語(yǔ)替代主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)替代主語(yǔ)從句It is clear ( obvious，true，possible, certain ) that .該句型中該句型中it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，常譯為引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，常譯為“清楚（顯清楚（顯然然, 真的真的）”是主語(yǔ)從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：是主語(yǔ)從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. It is adj. + clause It is said (reported/ learned

10、/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that . 該句型中的該句型中的it 仍是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是仍是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句；該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句；該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說（據(jù)據(jù)說（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）”。It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.It is v-ed that=sb./sth. is to do It is + noun + 從句從句 It

11、 is a pity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/. ) that . 該句型中，該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），動(dòng)詞原形），should可省去。可省去。表示出乎意料，常譯為表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然竟然”。沒有這。沒有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！這種事竟然發(fā)生在

12、你們班上，真是遺憾！It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遺憾！他生病了，真遺憾！四、四、it作形式賓語(yǔ)作形式賓語(yǔ) 當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞賓語(yǔ)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，往往把賓語(yǔ)放在它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面，從句時(shí)，往往把賓語(yǔ)放在它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面，而用而用it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之前。作形式賓語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之前。 該句型中的該句型中的it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，常用的動(dòng)詞有作形式賓語(yǔ)，常用的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。等。 I think it no use arguing

13、with him.我認(rèn)為和他爭(zhēng)吵沒有用。我認(rèn)為和他爭(zhēng)吵沒有用。I found it very interesting to studyEnglish.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語(yǔ)非常有趣。我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語(yǔ)非常有趣。He made it clear that he was notinterested in this subject.他非常清楚地表示他對(duì)那門學(xué)科不感興趣。他非常清楚地表示他對(duì)那門學(xué)科不感興趣。 五、用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中五、用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who . It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . I met Tom in

14、the park yesterday.1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.It was five oclock _I got home.It was at five oclock_ I got home.whenthat強(qiáng)調(diào)句用以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，介詞賓語(yǔ)以及狀語(yǔ)。

15、強(qiáng)調(diào)句用以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，介詞賓語(yǔ)以及狀語(yǔ)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)用（強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)用that和和who whom皆可）皆可） It was she who that had been wrong是她錯(cuò)了。是她錯(cuò)了。 ( ) It was the girl whom that I met just now我剛才遇見的就是這個(gè)女孩。我剛才遇見的就是這個(gè)女孩。 ( ) It was Tom to whom the teacher had talked老師與其談話的那個(gè)人是湯姆。老師與其談話的那個(gè)人是湯姆。 （ ） It was on Monday night that all this happened所有這一切就

16、是在星期一的晚上發(fā)生的。（所有這一切就是在星期一的晚上發(fā)生的。（ ）主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . 該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ)成漢語(yǔ) “直到直到才才”，可以說是，可以說是not . until . 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。例如的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。例如: It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she

17、took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.六、六、It 常用的固定搭配常用的固定搭配 1.make it（1）在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于）在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed，表示：成功、，表示：成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時(shí)到達(dá)做到、說定、趕上、及時(shí)到達(dá) 例例 Its hard to make it to the top in show business.（

18、2）在口語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)于）在口語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)于fix the date for，表示，表示“約約定好時(shí)間定好時(shí)間”例例 Shall we meet next week？OK. We just make it next Saturday.2. take it/things easy 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于Dont worry or dont hurry. 用來(lái)用來(lái)勸告別人，表示勸告別人，表示“不要慌，別擔(dān)心，沉住氣不要慌，別擔(dān)心，沉住氣”Take it easy！He will do it well.3. It all depends/that all depends 在口語(yǔ)中，在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于it hasnt

19、 been decided yet，表示，表示“那得看情況，還沒有定下來(lái)那得看情況，還沒有定下來(lái)”Are you going to the countryside for holiday？It/That all depends.4. Its up to sb. 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于its decided by sb. 表示表示“由由決定，由決定，由負(fù)負(fù)責(zé)，取決于責(zé)，取決于” Shall we go out for dinner？ Its up to you. It is never too old to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老。活到老，學(xué)到老。 It is easier to

20、 fall than to rise. 摔倒容易爬起來(lái)難。摔倒容易爬起來(lái)難。 It is no use crying over spilt（溢出的）（溢出的） milk. 覆水難收。覆水難收。 It never rains but it pours(潑水潑水). 不鳴則已，一鳴驚人。不鳴則已，一鳴驚人。Proverbs(諺語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)) with “It”Classify（分類）（分類）the proverbs according to the usages of “it”.Group 1 _Group 2 _Group 3 _ It is easy to open a shop but hard

21、to keep it always open. 創(chuàng)業(yè)容易守業(yè)難。創(chuàng)業(yè)容易守業(yè)難。 It takes three generations（代）（代）to make a gentleman. 十年樹木，百年樹人。十年樹木，百年樹人。1.努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很必要。努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很必要。It is necessary to work hard on English.對(duì)于我們來(lái)說，努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很必要。對(duì)于我們來(lái)說，努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很必要。It is necessary _us to work hard on English.for2. 你把真相說出來(lái)了，真誠(chéng)實(shí)。你把真相說出來(lái)了，真誠(chéng)實(shí)。It is honest _

22、you to tell me the truth.ofTo work hard on English is necessary for us.You are honest to tell me the truth.1. Work in groups of three and write Student 1 three names Student 2 three adjectives Student 3 three things to doIts + adj. of/for sb. to do sth2. Make sentences according to the names, adject

23、ives and sth to to on the paper, using the structure. Talk about the following pictures, using It is no use/good doing sth 做做沒有用沒有用/不好不好It is fun doing sth 做做很有趣很有趣還想跑？還想跑？甭想！甭想！想追我？沒門想追我？沒門！Ah! My milk is spilt（溢出）（溢出）“I told you not to play with fire!”該死的電腦游戲該死的電腦游戲！I love it!It is wonderful that

24、my father has quit smoking.2. My father has quit smoking. That is wonderful.It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.Rewrite the following sentences, using “Its that”.3. You could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ( It is likely).1.Im still fit enough to cycle

25、 20 kilometers in an afternoon. That is amazing.It is amazing that I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.It is known to us that bird flu (禽流感禽流感) hit China again.It is said that Li Yuchun got more than one million yuan for the advertisement. 5.Bird flu(禽流感禽流感) hit China again.

26、 That is known to us.6. Li Yuchun got more than one million yuan for the advertisement. People say that.4. China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes. It is reported.It is reported that China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes.7. Some young people think that they look attractive when

27、 they smoke. It seems thatIt seems that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.Answer key for Exercise 2:Page 211. It is difficult to give up smoking.2. It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.3. It is believed that smoking causes cancer.4. It

28、 is no use trying to quit on a stressful day.5. It is astonishing that China produces one-third of the worlds cigarettes.6. It is illegal to advertise cigarettes in this country.Discovering useful structures7. It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking at last.8. It was a dark and stormy night when the old man started his journey.9. It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.10.It is necessary for you to take pills to control your blood pressure.