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1、第29講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遼寧中考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查不多,主要考查動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的用法,分詞基本不考。動(dòng)詞不定式的考查主要集中在不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)、后接動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞(如allow,tell,ask,encourage等)及make,let等詞后接省略to的不定式的用法。動(dòng)名詞則主要集中在其后接動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(如feel like,enjoy,avoid等)的用法。動(dòng)詞不定式(2015年共考查5次,2014年共考查2次,2013年共考查3次)動(dòng)名詞(2015年共考查1次,2014年共考查2次,2013年共考查0次)高頻考向一不定式1構(gòu)成:to動(dòng)詞原形,即:to do形式。其否定形式為:not
2、 to do。如:The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老師告訴我放學(xué)后完成我的家庭作業(yè)。2動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,因此在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)To help the old is our duty.幫助老人是我們的職責(zé)。注意:動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),為了保持句子的平衡,往往用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把不定式短語(yǔ)置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后?!癐ts adj.of sb.不定式”表示“某人(做某事)”。這一句型中常用表示性質(zhì)、品格的形容詞,常用的有g(shù)ood(好的),kind(友善的),nic
3、e(好的),polite(有禮貌的),clever(聰明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懶惰的),careful(細(xì)心的),careless(粗心的),right(正確的),wrong(錯(cuò)誤的)等。如:Its kind of you to help me.你幫了我,你真好?!癐ts adj.for sb.不定式”表示“做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)”。常用的形容詞有difficult(困難的),easy(容易的),hard(艱難的),dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的),safe(安全的),useful(有用的),pleasant(舒適的),interesting(有趣的)等。如:Its dangerou
4、s for you to climb that tall tree.對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō),爬上那個(gè)高樹(shù)是危險(xiǎn)的。作表語(yǔ)To eat is to live,but to live is not to eat.吃飯是為了活著,但活著并不是為了吃飯。作賓語(yǔ)常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:decide(決定),expect(期望),forget(忘記),hope(希望),pretend(假裝),try(盡力)等。如:I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行車(chē)。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:ask(要求),tell(告訴),want(想要),teach(教),wish(希望),h
5、elp(幫助),warn(警告),invite(邀請(qǐng)),encourage(鼓勵(lì))等。如:Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告訴她的姐姐把電視機(jī)的音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)。She asked me to answer the phone while she was out.當(dāng)她出去的時(shí)候,她叫我接電話。作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),常置于被修飾名詞之后作后置定語(yǔ),且被修飾的名詞與不定式的動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或介賓關(guān)系。如:He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(動(dòng)賓)He has no friends to talk with.他沒(méi)
6、有可以與之交談的朋友。(介賓)注意:當(dāng)不定式修飾的名詞是time,place或way時(shí),不定式后的介詞習(xí)慣省去。如:He had no place to live(in)他沒(méi)地方住。有些名詞常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。如:a chance to go to school上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)no time to think about rest沒(méi)時(shí)間考慮休息a way to learn/of learning English學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的一種方法作狀語(yǔ)They ran over to welcome us.(表目的)他們跑過(guò)來(lái)歡迎我們。Paul is too excited to say anything.(表結(jié)果)保
7、羅激動(dòng)得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉打擾你。注意:有些動(dòng)詞不定式在使用時(shí),要省去to。具體有:在動(dòng)詞let,feel,see,look at,watch,have,make,notice,hear等動(dòng)詞后,動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要省略to。但在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),省略的to要加上。如:I heard someone knock at the door.我聽(tīng)到有人在敲門(mén)。We saw him enter the room.我們看到他進(jìn)了房間。在would you please,had better,why not,would rather等結(jié)構(gòu)的句型后,要
8、用不帶to的不定式。如:Would you please make your bed?請(qǐng)整理下你的床,好嗎?Youd better go to bed early.你最好早點(diǎn)睡覺(jué)。3特殊疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞不定式能接不定式的疑問(wèn)詞有:what,which,how,who,when,where等。它們可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如:I dont know what to do.我不知道該做什么。I dont know how to do it.我不知道該怎么去做這事。I dont know what to do about it.關(guān)于這件事,我不知該做些什么。The question is who to
9、 go.問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)去?!纠?】 The environment on the earth is worse and worse.I agree with you.We must do everything we can _ it.(2015,丹東預(yù)測(cè))Aprotect Bprotecting Cto protect Dprotects【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意“我們必須做力所能及的事情來(lái)保護(hù)地球?!笨芍脛?dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。答案:_【例2】 Jackie asked me _ anything.Anot touch Bnot touchedCnot touching Dnot to to
10、uch【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。ask sb. (not) to do sth.意為“讓某人(不要)做某事”。此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式。答案:_CD【例3】 Why are you so excited today?We were told_a picnic this weekend.Ahave Bto have Chaving Dhad【解析】答語(yǔ)是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可知句意為“我們被告知這個(gè)周末要去野餐”。tell (sb.) to do sth.意為“告訴某人做某事”,其被動(dòng)形式為(sb.)be told to do sth.。答案:_【例4】 Why is Linlin
11、 practicing speaking English?_abroad for further study.AGo BGone CTo go DGoes【解析】疑問(wèn)詞why用于提問(wèn)原因,動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可用來(lái)表示目的,回答原因。答案:_BC【例5】 Students should learn how _ problems.Asolve Bsolving Ccan solve Dto solve【解析】賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“特殊疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),仍在句中作賓語(yǔ)。答案:_D高頻考向二動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì),在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。如:Saying so much is usel
12、ess.說(shuō)那么多沒(méi)用。(主語(yǔ))My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的樂(lè)趣是旅游。(表語(yǔ))She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜愛(ài)看電影。(賓語(yǔ))There is a swimming pool here.這兒有一個(gè)游泳池。(定語(yǔ))注意:(1)初中階段常見(jiàn)的接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:enjoy(喜歡),finish(完成),keep(保持),practice(練習(xí)),mind(介意),suggest(建議),avoid (避免),be busy(忙于);be worth(值得),cant help(禁不住),give up(放棄
13、),be used to(習(xí)慣于),stop/prevent/keepfrom(阻止),look forward to(盼望);feel like(想要);be good at(擅長(zhǎng));be interested in(對(duì)感興趣);succeed in(成功)等?!纠?】 Isnt it strange that the cat is used to_(lie) beside the dog peacefully?【解析】句意為:這只貓習(xí)慣了平靜地躺在狗的身邊,這不是很奇怪嗎?be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣于做”;be used to do意為“被用來(lái)做”。答案:_【例7】 Wou
14、ld you mind_(turn) down the music?The baby is sleeping.【解析】mind作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),其后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。答案:_lyingturning【例8】Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child?Yes.But now I realize I was wrong.I really regret _ that silly thing to my mum.(2015,襄陽(yáng))Ado Bto do Cdoing Ddid【解析】問(wèn)句句意為“你小時(shí)候和你媽媽頂嘴嗎?”由語(yǔ)境可知答句句意為“是的。但是現(xiàn)在我意識(shí)到我錯(cuò)了。我真的后悔曾對(duì)我媽媽做過(guò)這樣愚蠢的事情。”事情已做,故應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。答案:_C