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1、在閱讀中我們常常會(huì)遇到生詞或雖是在閱讀中我們常常會(huì)遇到生詞或雖是熟詞但用原來學(xué)過的意思去理解卻不通，熟詞但用原來學(xué)過的意思去理解卻不通，這時(shí)就需要根據(jù)上下文，也就是語境，去這時(shí)就需要根據(jù)上下文，也就是語境，去理解，有的也可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法去理解。高理解，有的也可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法去理解。高考閱讀理解題中也常常要求考生推測(cè)詞義?？奸喿x理解題中也常常要求考生推測(cè)詞義。這里著重談?wù)劯鶕?jù)語境理解時(shí)的幾條具體這里著重談?wù)劯鶕?jù)語境理解時(shí)的幾條具體線索。線索。詞義推測(cè)的六條線索詞義推測(cè)的六條線索1. 根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系 根據(jù)上下句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系根據(jù)上下句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連接性詞語來推測(cè)詞

2、義。如表示轉(zhuǎn)折的的連接性詞語來推測(cè)詞義。如表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞有詞有but, however, otherwise, or, though等等, 表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語有表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語有unlike, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等；等；另外另外, 分號(hào)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、分號(hào)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、 對(duì)比或不相干對(duì)比或不相干的意義。的意義。 例例1 Time is something from which we cant escape. Even if we ignore it, its still going by, tick

3、ing away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, “Whos in charge?” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally. The underlined word “ally” most likely means somebody or something that

4、 is _.A. your slave and serves youB. your supporter and helps youB. under your control and obeys youD. under your influence and follows you解析：解析：B 本句由本句由or引出，與前句意義相對(duì)，要求猜的引出，與前句意義相對(duì)，要求猜的ally顯然顯然與前句的與前句的enemy相對(duì)，即為相對(duì)，即為“朋朋友友”，朋友是支持和幫助我們的，故選，朋友是支持和幫助我們的，故選B。2. 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系根據(jù)因果關(guān)系就是根據(jù)前后的因果關(guān)系來推斷其中就是根據(jù)前后的因果關(guān)系來推斷其

5、中的某個(gè)生詞或短語的意思。可能是由表示的某個(gè)生詞或短語的意思?？赡苁怯杀硎驹虻木湟馔瞥霰硎窘Y(jié)果的句子中的某個(gè)原因的句意推出表示結(jié)果的句子中的某個(gè)生詞或短語的意思生詞或短語的意思, 即由因推果法；也可能即由因推果法；也可能是由表示結(jié)果的句意推出表示原因的句子是由表示結(jié)果的句意推出表示原因的句子中的某個(gè)詞或短語的意思，即由果推因法。中的某個(gè)詞或短語的意思，即由果推因法。表示因果關(guān)系的有表示因果關(guān)系的有because, so that, so/such.that.等。等。 例例2 Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy d

6、esert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists.What do the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” probably mean?A. Keep everything out of campgrounds.B. Take away everything you

7、 bring in.C. Carry all the necessary food.D. Look after your personal belongings.解析：解析：B 句中句中so引出結(jié)果引出結(jié)果, 由果推因由果推因, “不要留下不要留下任何參觀的痕跡任何參觀的痕跡”, 因此因此“要把帶來的所有東西都要把帶來的所有東西都帶走帶走”, 故選故選B。3. 根據(jù)解釋或修飾語根據(jù)解釋或修飾語根據(jù)后面的括號(hào)中、根據(jù)后面的括號(hào)中、 破折號(hào)后面、破折號(hào)后面、 引引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容號(hào)中的內(nèi)容, 或者后面的定語從句，以及或者后面的定語從句，以及namely 和和that is等后面的解釋性內(nèi)容推測(cè)等后面的解

8、釋性內(nèi)容推測(cè)生詞或短語的意思。生詞或短語的意思。例例3 The schools are reluctant to take time offeven teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.The underlined word “reluctant” may probably mean_.A. kind B. unwilling C. free D. careless 解析：解析： B 根據(jù)破折號(hào)后面的解釋根據(jù)破折號(hào)后面的解釋“即使是有英格蘭和阿根廷比即使是有英格

9、蘭和阿根廷比賽門票的老師也很難擠出一天的時(shí)間賽門票的老師也很難擠出一天的時(shí)間”，可見學(xué)校是，可見學(xué)校是“不愿意不愿意”放假的放假的, 故選故選B。4. 根據(jù)同義關(guān)系根據(jù)同義關(guān)系根據(jù)生詞所處語境中的同義或近義詞根據(jù)生詞所處語境中的同義或近義詞的意思來推測(cè)它的意思。有時(shí)有的意思來推測(cè)它的意思。有時(shí)有and 或或or等，我們可以根據(jù)前后兩項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)并列的等，我們可以根據(jù)前后兩項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)并列的內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，來內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，來確定同等或同類關(guān)系中的某個(gè)生詞所屬的確定同等或同類關(guān)系中的某個(gè)生詞所屬的義域，由此可推知其大致意思。義域，由此可推知其大致意思。 例例4 It

10、is obvious that if students value highly their test scores, then a great amount of their self-respect is put in the number. Students who perform poorly on the exam are left feeling that it is all over. The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college. And w

11、ithout a degree from a prestigious university, they fear that many of lifes doors will remain forever closed. “a prestigious university” is most probably_.A. a famous universityB. a technical universityC. a traditional universityD. an expensive university解析解析: A 根據(jù)上句可知，此句中的根據(jù)上句可知，此句中的prestigious uni

12、versity就是上就是上句中的句中的good college，也就是，也就是prestigious與與good或或famous同義，同義，故選故選A。5. 根據(jù)語境關(guān)聯(lián)根據(jù)語境關(guān)聯(lián)就是由上下文語境的描述猜測(cè)出某個(gè)就是由上下文語境的描述猜測(cè)出某個(gè)詞語的意思。詞語的意思。例例5 (2013廣東廣東)While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor (監(jiān)控器監(jiān)控器) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move. U

13、sing a web camera equipped in Jennifers Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage hon

14、esty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general.A. advanced technique B. sharpening toolC. effective rule D. dividing line解析：解析：A 第一段總述第一段總述Jennifer在家中考試，有監(jiān)控器監(jiān)視她的在家中考試，有監(jiān)控器監(jiān)視她的每一個(gè)動(dòng)作；第二段具體描述監(jiān)控器如何監(jiān)視她；

15、第三段開頭，每一個(gè)動(dòng)作；第二段具體描述監(jiān)控器如何監(jiān)視她；第三段開頭，this is the cutting edge，句中，句中this指代什么？就是指上文描述指代什么？就是指上文描述的為了防止網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育中考試作弊所采用的為了防止網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育中考試作弊所采用a monitor進(jìn)行監(jiān)控的先進(jìn)行監(jiān)控的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，故選進(jìn)技術(shù)，故選A。The underlined expression “cutting edge” is closest in meaning to _.6. 綜合運(yùn)用多種方法綜合運(yùn)用多種方法除上述方法外除上述方法外, 還可以根據(jù)并列關(guān)系、還可以根據(jù)并列關(guān)系、 同類同類關(guān)系、關(guān)系、 比喻關(guān)系、比

16、喻關(guān)系、 定義關(guān)系、定義關(guān)系、 所舉實(shí)例、所舉實(shí)例、 構(gòu)詞構(gòu)詞法和生活常識(shí)等多種方法推測(cè)生詞的意義，有時(shí)法和生活常識(shí)等多種方法推測(cè)生詞的意義，有時(shí)需要綜合運(yùn)用多種方法，才可推測(cè)其意義。需要綜合運(yùn)用多種方法，才可推測(cè)其意義。例例6 The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater. The underlined word “fixture” probably refers to something _.A. that people enjoy eating B. that is always presentC. that is difficult to get D. that people use as a gift解析：解析：B 這種新品種菠蘿很暢銷這種新品種菠蘿很暢銷, 當(dāng)然成為了健康飲食人士購(gòu)當(dāng)然成為了健康飲食人士購(gòu)物筐中的物筐中的“?？统？汀?。另外根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)可知。另外根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)可知, 該詞的詞根是該詞的詞根是fix, 含有含有“固定固定”之意。故選之意。故選B。名師名師指津指津