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1、閱讀與理解(14)寫作意圖題(把握體裁，抓住高頻詞)故事典故類閱讀故事和典故一直是人們茶余飯后消遣的重要方式之一，無(wú)論是小孩還是大人都有許多精彩的故事，因此，此話題也是高考常涉及到的話題之一。美文賞析Todays word，pan，takes us back to the days of the gold rush in California.On January 24th,1848，a man named James Wilson Marshall discovered gold in California.The news spread quickly.Thousands rushed w

2、est.They traveled on foot，on horseback and by boat to reach the gold fields.By 1849，the great gold rush was on.Towns and cities grew overnight. Throughout Californiain the mountains，along the streams and riversthousands of people searched for gold.Some found areas of mountain rock thick with gold.Th

3、ese men got rich.But such areas were few and quickly claimed by the first men to find them.Others searched for gold in the rivers coming down the mountains.They were after pieces of gold that the rains had washed down from above.The only way to find this gold was by panning.First a gold miner put di

4、rt in a metal pan and added water.Then he shook the pan so that the water would wash the dirt.Slowly，he poured the water out of the pan.If he was a lucky miner, pieces of gold would remain.Across the nation，newspapers carried stories of the gold being found.Each one hoped that the place he claimed p

5、anned out wellhad some gold.For many，gold mining did not pan out.For a few，it panned out well.But in time，huge machines were built that could wash many tons of dirt at a time.Panning died out.The word，however，remained in the language.Today, Americans still say，“It panned out well，”when something the

6、y have done pleases them.A business，a discovery，a simple event pans out well if it is successful.Unhappily，sometimes things do not pan out.In recent years，the word pan has taken on another meaning.Today，it also means to criticize.How it got this meaning is hard to discover.But the job of a critic is

7、 to sometimes pan the work of a writer，artist or singer.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹pan這個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞的一些典故。一、閱讀與積累1攻克疑難詞匯gold rush 淘金熱die out消失take on雇傭；開(kāi)始具有，呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)These insects can take on the colour of their surroundings.這些昆蟲(chóng)能夠呈現(xiàn)出與其周圍環(huán)境相同的顏色。critic n評(píng)論家，批評(píng)家2攻克疑難句Others searched for gold in the rivers coming down th

8、e mountains.They were after pieces of gold that the rains had washed down from above.結(jié)構(gòu)分析coming down the moutains 為后置定語(yǔ)，可以改為定語(yǔ)從句which/that came down the mountains，修飾先行詞the rivers；that the rains had washed down from above為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞pieces of gold。嘗試翻譯其他人在山腳下的河流中找黃金，尋找被雨水沖刷下來(lái)的黃金。二、理解與嘗試命題1理解文章主旨The pa

9、ssage mainly tells us the_quotation_of_the_English _word_“pan”. 2閱讀理解嘗試命題請(qǐng)你依據(jù)閱讀理解寫作意圖題型的特點(diǎn)，給下列試題寫出干擾項(xiàng)，然后叫你的同桌試做一下。Whats the purpose of this passage?A_BTo introduce the word “pan”in American English.C_D_參考答案ATo tell us some stories about the gold rush.CTo teach us how to look for gold in rivers.DTo i

10、ntroduce the history of the gold rush in California.3解題技巧點(diǎn)撥閱讀理解寫作意圖題解題技巧：把握體裁、抓住高頻詞不同文章體裁體現(xiàn)出作者不同的寫作意圖，因而在做這類題時(shí)，我們一方面要把握體裁，另一方面要抓住文章中的高頻詞，即反反復(fù)復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞，才能突破寫作意圖題。不同的文章體裁體現(xiàn)不同的寫作風(fēng)格。記敘文一種是純記事，另一種是記事要達(dá)到一種目的，即告訴我們一個(gè)道理或者是對(duì)人生的領(lǐng)悟。說(shuō)明文主要是對(duì)事物或現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生、變化、特征或功能進(jìn)行介紹，其目的在于對(duì)所寫事物進(jìn)行解釋，回答“怎么樣”“為什么”之類的問(wèn)題。這樣的寫作意圖題體現(xiàn)為tell the r

11、eader.，introduce，explain，analyse等字眼。議論文是一種說(shuō)理性的文章，一般由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證過(guò)程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點(diǎn)、提供充分的證據(jù)(evidence)，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論。閱讀議論文的關(guān)鍵是：抓論題、抓觀點(diǎn)。這樣的寫作意圖題體現(xiàn)為argue(證明，說(shuō)服)，advocate(提倡，主張)，discuss等字眼。真 題 典 例(2014南京模擬)Christmas is long gone，and Valentines Day is a distant memory.That means its a slow time for jewele

12、rs，and a good time for you to make a purchase.Whether youre out shopping for gold, or silver，here are a few things you need to know：What determines price?The purity of the metal is one of the elements that determines the price.Gold purity is indicated with a stamp of 10K,14K,18K，or 24K. And differen

13、t countries have their own standards.For example，for a piece to be considered gold in the US，it must be at least 10K.In Britain and Canada：9K.In Italy and France：18K.Anything over 18K is really too soft for everyday wear.Thats why jewelry stores in the US sell mostly 14K.How much can you expect to p

14、ay?That depends on the weight of the metal and the gemstone(寶石)So keep that in mind，especially when buying online.To keep yourself from getting_ripped_off，ask yourself the following：How long has the company been around?What is its return policy？Is the jewelry featured on the website visible from all

15、 directions?Is the company transparent with the gram weights and the size of the gemstones?Yellow gold? White？Rose?Yes，its confusing，and while this is largely a personal decision, there are a few things to keep in mind.For starters，white or rose gold costs about 10%more than yellow gold.If you want

16、the“l(fā)ook for less”， consider goldplated jewelry.“Gold plated”and“gold overlay”mean the same thing and guarantee a thicker layer of finish than“vermeil”which is a flash finish that is thinner and less consistent，but more affordable.Buy vermeil finished pieces you want for a season or two just to foll

17、ow the fashion.For pieces you want to wear for a lifetime，solid gold is the best.What about sterling silver(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)純銀)?Sterling silver has been an alternative for white gold during the difficult economy，and while it used to be more popular with just the younger these days it has much more mass appeal.So

18、much so that retailers are now offering fine gemstones with silversomething you used to see only with gold.Keep in mind that in the US，the sterling silver standard is 92.5% real silver.Dont buy it if there isnt a“925”stamp on it.And keep in mind that the lower price youre paying for silver means mor

19、e maintenance.To keep silver jewelry from becoming less shiny，consider keeping a piece of chalk in your jewelry box.The author writes the passage mainly to_.Aencourage young people to buy fashionable jewelryBtell people the best time to purchase gold and silverCintroduce the real value and popularity of gold and silverDinform people of the factors to consider in buying jewelry答案D寫作意圖題。本文介紹了選購(gòu)和保養(yǎng)金銀首飾時(shí)需要考慮的因素。故選D項(xiàng)。