《導學教程高三英語二輪復習 語法考點一點通（四）動詞、動詞短語、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《導學教程高三英語二輪復習 語法考點一點通（四）動詞、動詞短語、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件（46頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、專題四動詞、動詞短語、情態(tài)動詞專題四動詞、動詞短語、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣和虛擬語氣一、動詞.動詞的分類(根據(jù)動詞在句子中的功能，動詞可分為四大類)動詞行為(實義)動詞根據(jù)能否接賓語及物動詞(帶賓語)tell，ask，learn，produce，develop等不及物動詞(不帶賓語)go，work，come，rise，wait等根據(jù)詞匯意義狀態(tài)動詞belong，exist，love，like，prefer等動作動詞延續(xù)性動詞work，sleep等非延續(xù)性動詞arrive，open等動詞連系動詞表示人或事物的特征或狀態(tài)be，appear，feel，look，seem，smell，sound，tast

2、e等表示狀態(tài)的變化become，fall，go，get，grow，turn等表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)keep，remain等助動詞必須與動詞原形或分詞構成謂語，不能獨立作謂語be，do，have，shall，will，should，would等動詞情態(tài)動詞只作情態(tài)動詞使用can，could，must，may，might，ought to可作情態(tài)動詞，也可作助動詞shall，should，will，would可作情態(tài)動詞，也可作行為動詞need，dare半情態(tài)動詞had better，have to.助動詞助動詞功能熱身訓練先練后背do/does/did構成疑問句、否定句和強調謂語單句填空：Where_y

3、ou have your breakfast today?He_(的確) work as a teacher.He_(praise) for what he had done.The guests all_(leave) when he got to the party.We_(graduate) in three months.be(am/is/are/was/were)構成被動語態(tài)和進行時態(tài)have/has/had構成現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時will/shall/would構成將來時diddoeswas praisedhad leftwill graduate.易混動詞歸納對比(1)lay(

4、放)，lie(躺)與lie(說謊)：這三個易混動詞區(qū)分如下：語法填空：He_(lay) the table for supper when I went to see him.中文原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞說明放laylaidlaidlaying及物動詞躺lielaylainlying不及物動詞說謊lieliedliedlying不及物動詞was laying/had laid You_(lie)on the bed for almost a whole dayget up and do something.Dont believe her; she is_(lie)(2)rise和raise

5、：rise是不及物動詞，其過去式是rose，過去分詞是risen，而raise是及物動詞，是規(guī)則動詞。 He_to his feet and_his hands to greet me warmly.have lain lying rose raised (3)hear與listen to：hear側重點是聽到，聽見什么，而listen to是側重于聽的傾向，但hear用于無意中的聽見，而listen to卻用于集中注意力的聽。 I was attentively_what they were talking about, but_nothing.(4)see，watch和look: see強

6、調看的結果；watch則用作看電視、比賽，還有在旁觀看之意；look一般用作不及物動詞，強調動作。 I was_Im a Singer on TV when I heard a knock at the door, and I opened the door and_but_no one.listening to heard watching looked saw (5)wind和wound：wind意為“蜿蜒而行”，其過去式與過去分詞都是wound，而動詞原形wound意為“傷害”，其過去式、過去分詞都是wounded。 We_our way through the valleys, dur

7、ing which, some got_in the feet by thorny bushes.(6)hang的用法：hang有兩個意思：一為“懸掛”，是不規(guī)則動詞，過去式、過去分詞都是hung；二為“絞刑”，是規(guī)則動詞，其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。 Many of his finest pictures_in the National Gallery.Sadam was_on March, 20, 2007.wound wounded hang/are hung hanged (7)sit與seat：seat為及物動詞時作“容納”講，seat如果表示就座時要用be seated或用

8、seat oneself；sit只表示一個動作，為不及物動詞。 Katherine was found_in the concert hall which_400 people.(8)borrow，lend與keep：“借入”用borrow，“借出”用lend，但這兩個詞都是非延續(xù)性動詞(瞬間動詞)，不能用于延續(xù)性動作，所以能借多久應用keep。 From her mother, Betty_the necklace, which her mother_for twenty years, and_it to her friend.seated/sitting seated borrowed h

9、ad kept lent (9)win與beat：win作“勝、贏”講時其后應接a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race，a bet等，但不能接人，而beat是及物動詞，意為“擊敗、勝過”，直接接人、隊。 Our school team_the first two rounds of the match but was_by Xin Hua School in the final.won beaten (10)steal與rob：steal意為“偷”；rob意為“搶”，其用法不同。steal其后接物from某人/某地，而rob其后

10、接人of搶的物品。 What a terrible day! the old lady was_of her handbag on the way home and on arriving home, she found her house broken into and a lot of possessions_.(11)fit與suit：fit用于尺寸、大小的合適，而suit則多用于顏色式樣的合適。 Though the new dress_her very much in size it doesnt_her in colour.robbed stolen fits suit (12)b

11、ring, take與fetch：“拿來、帶來”是bring，“拿去、帶走”是take，而“去取回來”是fetch。 Please_the bag of trash to the garbage can.Spring_warm weather and flowers.Could you run and_a doctor for me？(13)cost，spend和take：cost作“花費”講，主語不能是人，spend的主語不能是物，而take作“花費”講時，可用人也可用物作主語，更多的用法是用形式主語it。The apartment_me all my savings, some of wh

12、ich I should have_buying a car, and it would_me a long time to save enough for that. take brings fetch cost spent take (14)have on，wear，put on與dress：have on與wear作穿著狀態(tài)講；但have on不用進行時態(tài)，而wear則常要用進行時態(tài)。put on是動作，但dress既可用作狀態(tài)，又可用作穿衣的動作，但用作狀態(tài)時要用be dressed in；作動作講時，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物的名詞。 _in black, I felt

13、 embarrassed at the party, where others were_colourful dresses._quickly and dont forget to_your socks.She_a bright silk dress at the gathering.Dressed wearing Dress put on had on/wore (15)begin與start：begin與start 均可作開始講，并無多少區(qū)別，同樣可接不定式或動名詞。但在下面的場合多要用start：機器的開動發(fā)動；旅途的開始。 After the tea break, we_to work

14、, first having the machine_.(16)find與found：find“找到”的過去式和過去分詞都是found，而found是動詞“建立”的原形，其過去式和過去分詞都是founded。 After two hours, he_himself in front of the university_in 1930s.began/started started found founded (17)advise(v.)，advice(n.)；accept(v.)，except(prep.)；pass(v.)，past(prep.)；bathe(v.)，bath(n.)；brea

15、the(v.)，breath(n.)；choose(v.)，choice(n.)；succeed(v.)，success(n.) My class asked me for some_on learning English and I often_them to practice more speaking.Its so airless in hereIm almost out of_；lets go out to_in some fresh air.adviceadvisedbreathbreathe(18)ring“搖鈴，打鈴，電話鈴響”；strike專指“敲鐘，打幾點，撞擊”。 The

16、clock was_12 when my phone_； it was from my son.(19)discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，指找到早已存在但未被人所了解的東西；invent“發(fā)明”，指研制出不存在的東西。 While the chemist tried to_a new drug, he_this antiinfection bacteria.striking rang invent discovered (20)stay“停留，逗留”； remain“遺物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分”。 During the camping, some of us went to_in the loc

17、al villagers homes while others_in the camp.(21)look指由視覺得出的印象，seem暗示有一定根據(jù)的判定，appear指外表印象而實際或結果并非如此。 It_to me that he isnt the right person for the job.Things arent always what they_to be.The twins_just like their mother.stay remained seems appear look (22)suggest提出實驗性或推測性的建議，advise表示對經(jīng)驗不足人的一種忠告。 Liz

18、_I try the shop on Mill Road.She_us when to come.suggestedadvised二、動詞短語動詞短語是指動詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習慣搭配。有關動詞短語的測試點主要涉及結構上選用恰當?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含義上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。.動詞短語的構成動詞副詞(不及物)turn up 出現(xiàn)；調大； come up 出現(xiàn)；go off 爆炸， 消失， 響起動詞副詞(及物)turn off 關閉；take up從事；占據(jù)；pick up撿起；恢復動詞介詞(及物)look for 尋找； care for喜歡；照料； get through 通過；完成動詞副

19、詞介詞look forward to 盼望； catch up with 趕上； come down with感染be形容詞介詞be proud of 以自豪；take interest in 對感興趣復雜結構make up ones mind決心； wind ones way蜿蜒前進同一動詞和不同介詞搭配時look after照料；look at看；look for尋找同一動詞和不同副詞搭配時ring back回電話；ring off掛斷電話；ring up打電話不同動詞和同一介詞搭配時look for尋找；ask for請求；wait for等候不同動詞和同一副詞搭配時carry out進

20、行，開展；go out熄滅；hand out分發(fā)；let out放出；look out當心；sell out賣完；set out出發(fā)；work out算出.動詞搭配(1)add to增加，增進add.to把加進add up相加add up to總計，合計(2)break away from打破，脫離，掙脫，改掉break down出毛病，身體(精神)衰弱，分解，拆開break off暫停，中斷break in強行進入，插話break into闖入break into pieces成為碎片break out爆發(fā)break up搗碎，驅散，瓦解，結束break through突破(3)bring

21、up撫養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出bring about造成bring out使某物出現(xiàn)，出版bring in引入，引進，賺得bring back使回想起bring down使下降，使倒下(4)call on號召，要求call for要求，需要call up打電話給，征召入伍call in召來，打電話來(工作單位等)call off取消，不舉行(5)come about發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)come down下跌，落下，下降come in進來come on改善，快點come out出版，結果是come along一道來，進展come to達到come over走過來come up被提出，走近come across偶然碰

22、到come back回來come from來自，源自(6)cut across抄近路cut down砍倒，削減cut off切斷，割掉，使與外界隔絕cut up切碎cut through開辟cut out刪(省)掉cut in插嘴(7)die of (disease/hunger)死于(疾病、饑餓)die from死于(意外事故)die away漸漸消逝die out絕種，滅絕die down(爐火)漸熄(8)fall behind落后fall over ones feet 跌跤fall down掉下，跌倒fall back撤退，后退 fall asleep入睡fall in love wit

23、h愛上，迷上(9)go in for從事，喜愛，參加go through通過，經(jīng)受go over復習，檢查go up(價格)上漲go after追捕，追趕go against違反go ahead先行，開始吧，問吧，說吧go away離開go by時間過去go down下沉，降低，(日、月)落下go on(with)繼續(xù)進行go with相配go without沒有也行go out外出，熄滅go off爆炸，變壞，斷電go back on違背，食言go beyond超出(10)get down記下，使沮喪get down to開始做某事get on進展，進步，上車get off脫下，下車get

24、in收集，插(話)get away 逃跑，逃脫，休假get over克服，從疾病中恢復get along with進展，相處get up起床get through打通電話，用完，耗盡get close to sth.接近get back取回，收回(11)give away贈送，泄露，出賣give out發(fā)出，用完，分發(fā)，公布give off發(fā)出(光、熱、氣體)give in (to sb.) 屈服give up放棄，讓(座位)(12)hand in交上，提交hand out分發(fā)hand down公布，傳給(后代)(13)hang about閑逛hang up掛電話hang on堅持下去；不掛斷

25、；握住不放(14)hold back阻止，隱瞞hold up舉起，阻礙hold on別掛電話，等，堅持hold out持續(xù)，堅持，伸出(15)keep up (courage，English，spirits)保持keep up with跟上keep off (grass)不接近，離開keep away from避開，不接近，離遠遠的keep to 堅持，遵守keep on繼續(xù)keep back阻止，隱瞞keep from克制，阻止(16)knock at/on敲knock into撞到某人身上knock down撞倒knock out of把敲出knock over撞倒knock off停止工

26、作，降價(17)look up查找，向上看look through翻閱，瀏覽look on旁觀look on.as把看作look into調查look after/at/for 照顧/看/尋找look out(for)當心look about/around/round四下查看look down upon瞧不起look back (upon)回憶，回顧look sb.up and down仔細打量某人look over檢查，查看(18)make up編造，化妝，組成make up for彌補make into/of/from 制成make out應付，看清，開具，理解make for向移動；促使

27、(19)pay back還錢，報復pay for付錢，為受到懲罰，因得到報應pay off還清，付清(20)pick up拾起，獲得(information)，接人，收聽，自然習得(language/knowledge)，恢復重獲(pick up health)pick out挑選，辨認，看出(21)put up搭起，張貼，舉起，安裝，投宿put up with忍受put out伸出，撲滅put off推遲put into放進，翻譯put away放好，存錢put down記下，平息put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed)put forward 提出，提前put

28、aside放到一邊put back放回(22)run across偶然碰到run after追逐，追捕run away逃跑run for競選run into偶然碰到(困難)、遇見(人)，相撞run out of用完(23)see off送行see through看透，識破see to照料，照管(24)send for派人去請send off送行send out發(fā)出(光亮)等send up發(fā)射(25)set up建立set off爆炸，引起set out動身，著手(to do)，陳述set about開始著手(doing)set back使推遲(26)take off脫掉，起飛take on呈現(xiàn)

29、，雇用take away拿走take in吸收，領會take up從事，占用(時間、空間)take down記錄，取下take back收回take over接管take charge of負責take sth.for granted想當然take pride in以為自豪take the place of 代替take turns to do輪流做take office就職(27)think of想起think of.as把看作think out想出think up想出think about考慮think over仔細考慮think well of sb.對某人看法好(28)turn off

30、/on 關上/打開turn over翻身，認真思考，翻轉turn out證明是，結果是turn to轉向，求助turn down調低，拒絕turn against變得敵視turn back 原路返回，往回走turn round轉過身來turn up 露面，出現(xiàn)，音量調大turn in上繳turn upside down使倒置，弄得亂七八糟三、情態(tài)動詞.情態(tài)動詞基本用法情態(tài)動詞用法熱身訓練先練后背(1)can/could能力(體力，智力，技能)He_speak five foreign languages when he was young.You_take two books home wit

31、h you._the news be true?允許或許可(口語中常用)可能性(表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中)could can Can/Could 情態(tài)動詞用法熱身訓練先練后背(2)may/might可以(問句中表示請求)_I ask you a question?She_come to the party, but Im ot sure._all your dreams come true!可能，或許(表推測)祝愿(用于倒裝句中)(3)must必須，應該(表主觀要求)Must I come too？Yes, you_.No, you_.He_be in，for the light is o

32、n.肯定，想必(肯定句中表推測)May/Can may/might May must neednt must 情態(tài)動詞用法熱身訓練先練后背(4)have to只好，不得不(客觀的必須，有時態(tài)人稱變化)Ill_be back before ten oclock.(5)ought to應當(表示義務責任，口語中多用should)You ought _(take) careof your parents.(6)shall用于一、三人稱表示征求對方意見_he have a try?Dont worry；you_get your car on Saturday.用于二、三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅、

33、規(guī)定等have to to take Shall shall 情態(tài)動詞用法熱身訓練先練后背(7)should應當，應該(表義務責任)You_be more patient in future.The roads_be less crowded todayit is raining.想必；應該(表示推測)(8)will意愿，決心Do what you_and leave others for someone else.She_read books whenever I see her.傾向性，習慣性shouldshouldwillwill情態(tài)動詞用法熱身訓練先練后背(9)would愿意She s

34、aid she_take care of the child.When I was a child, I_go swimming in summer.過去的習慣(10)dare敢(常用于否定句和疑問句中)How_(敢)you talk like that?wouldwoulddare情態(tài)動詞用法熱身訓練先練后背(11)need需要，必須(常用于否定句和疑問句中)Need I help you with your cooking?Yes, you_.No, you_.(12)used to過去常常(現(xiàn)在已不再)He used_(smoke), but he no longer smokes.mu

35、stneedntto smoke.情態(tài)動詞have done類別意義熱身訓練先練后背cant have done絕不可能做過The accident could _(avoid), but the driver drove too fast.He cant _(pass) the testhe looks sad.He_have arrived there by now, but youd better call him to make sure.could have done本來能做但卻沒做may/might have done可能做過must have done一定做過neednt hav

36、e done本來不必做某事，而實際上做了should/ought to have done本該做某事，而實際上沒做would have done本來會，而實際上沒有發(fā)生have been avoided have passed may/might 類別意義熱身訓練先練后背would like to have done過去愿意做但卻沒做It_have rained yesterday，as the ground is wet.I actually_have bought so much foodonly three people came.You should_(come) here five

37、minutes earlier.I would like _(go) to your party，but my cousin came.neednthave comemay to have gone.情態(tài)動詞的慣用法類別意義熱身訓練先練后背cannot .too/enough無論怎么都不為過；越越好You cannot be_careful.I cannot_admire your bravery.He_well be proud of his son.You_as well do it at once.If you_(偏要) know，I am twice my sons age.Its s

38、urprising that she_say that.cannot but do sth.不得不have to do sth.may well do sth.很可能be likely to do sth.may as well do sth.最好had better do sth.must偏偏，偏要should竟然(表示對某事不理解，驚異之意)toobutmay/mightmay/mightmustshould四、虛擬語氣.虛擬語氣在從句中的應用類別用法熱身訓練先練后背if引導的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句動詞：過去式(be用were)主句動詞：should/would/could/might

39、動詞原形If he_(be) here, he would help us.If I_(be)free，I would have visited you.If it_rain tomorrow，we would not go camping.If he_(live)here, we would often get together swimming and fishing.If I had known your number, I would_(get) in touch with you.與過去事實相反從句動詞：had過去分詞主句動詞：should/would/could/mighthave

40、過去分詞與將來事實相反從句動詞：過去式/should動詞原形/were不定式主句動詞：should/would/could/might動詞原形werehad beenshouldlivedhave got類別用法熱身訓練先練后背其他狀語從句as if引導的狀語從句中動詞用過去式或過去完成式They are talking as if they_(be) friends for years.賓語從句demand，suggest，order，insist后接的從句中動詞為should動詞原形He suggested that we_(not change) our mind.wish后的從句中分別

41、用過去式、過去完成式和should/would動詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反I wish I_(have)a good rest this weekend.How I wish I_(take)your advice.had beennot changewould havehad taken類別用法熱身訓練先練后背主語從句在It is necessary/important/strange that.，It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that. 等從句中，謂語動詞用should動詞原形It is strange that such

42、a person_be our friends.should 類別用法熱身訓練先練后背其他句型中It is time that.句型中動詞用過去式或should動詞原形Its high time that we_(leave)would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式I would rather you_(stay) at home now.If only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望If only our dream_(come) true in the future!leftstayedwould come.虛擬語氣在其他情況下的應用情況應用熱身訓練

43、先練后背省略if的倒裝句型當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were，should，had時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把were，should，had等詞置于句首_I you, I would take his advice.錯綜時間條件句虛擬條件句中，結果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發(fā)生時，虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。這種條件句叫錯綜條件句。If you had taken the doctors advice，you would_(feel) better now.Werefeel情況應用熱身訓練先練后背含蓄條件句條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其

44、他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without.，but for.等_ your help，I wouldnt have been successful.陳述語氣和虛擬語氣處于同一個句子中句子一半是陳述語氣，另一半是虛擬語氣，此時它們之間常用but連接I would write to her but I_know her address.Without/But for dont 情況應用熱身訓練先練后背從句中謂語動詞常用should動詞原形的情況表示“建議，要求，命令”動詞：一堅持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三建議( su

45、ggest，advise，propose)，四要求(demand，require，request，ask)后面接的賓語從句。這些詞的同根名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句要用should動詞原形The teacher ordered that the homework_(hand) in on time.It is necessary/important/impossible/natural/strange/surprising/funny/right/wrong/better/a pity/a shame/no wonder that主語從句，從句的謂語動詞都要用should動詞原形或只用動詞原形。It is a pity that he_refuse to accept the offer.(should)be handedshould