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1、第一部分第一部分 基礎(chǔ)考點聚焦基礎(chǔ)考點聚焦 必修必修71_ adv. 永遠(yuǎn)永遠(yuǎn)2_ v. 選舉；推選選舉；推選3_ v. 認(rèn)為認(rèn)為4_ n. 活動活動5_ n. 能力；本領(lǐng)；技能能力；本領(lǐng)；技能6_n. 行李行李7_ adj. 無辜的；清白的；無辜的；清白的； 天真無邪的天真無邪的8_adj. (物品物品)陳舊的，損壞的陳舊的，損壞的foreverelectconsideractivityabilityluggageinnocentworn9_ adj.精力充沛的；有創(chuàng)新思想的精力充沛的；有創(chuàng)新思想的10_ n. 規(guī)章；規(guī)則；條例規(guī)章；規(guī)則；條例11_ adj. 準(zhǔn)時的，守時的準(zhǔn)時的，守時的1

2、2_ v. 使使(某人某人)心煩意亂；心煩意亂； 使心情不好使心情不好13_ v. 解決解決 settlement n. 解決解決settler n. 移民，殖民者移民，殖民者14_ v. 合適；適合合適；適合 suitable adj. 適合的適合的dynamicregulationpunctualupsetsettlesuit15_ v. 吸引吸引 attractive adj. 有吸引力的有吸引力的 attraction n. 吸引吸引(力力)16_ v. 發(fā)展；培養(yǎng)發(fā)展；培養(yǎng)development n. 發(fā)展發(fā)展17_n. 傳統(tǒng)傳統(tǒng)traditional adj. 傳統(tǒng)的傳統(tǒng)的18_

3、v. 歡呼；喝彩；加油歡呼；喝彩；加油 cheerful adj. 興高采烈的興高采烈的attractdeveloptraditioncheer1_ 回顧，回憶回顧，回憶2_ 玩得開心玩得開心3_ 就我而言就我而言4_ 我認(rèn)為；在我看來我認(rèn)為；在我看來5_ 被看作，被認(rèn)為是被看作，被認(rèn)為是6_ 有可能有可能look back athave fun as far as I m concernedin my view be considered asbe likely to do1. It seems strange to think that in a few days time Ill be

4、walking out of the school gates forever.想想過幾天我想想過幾天我就要永遠(yuǎn)走出校門了，似乎有一種別樣的感覺。就要永遠(yuǎn)走出校門了，似乎有一種別樣的感覺。解讀解讀It seemsadj. to do sth. 看來看來/似乎是似乎是。其。其中中it為形式主語，不定式為真正的主語為形式主語，不定式為真正的主語仿寫仿寫明天他來這兒似乎是不可能的。明天他來這兒似乎是不可能的。_he will be here tomorrow.It seems impossible that 2. Meanwhile, I find myself looking back at my

5、 senior year, and thinking about all the wonderful things that have happened.同時同時,我發(fā)覺自己在回顧自己高中最后一年我發(fā)覺自己在回顧自己高中最后一年的時光的時光,追憶所有發(fā)生過的美好往事。追憶所有發(fā)生過的美好往事。解讀解讀findoneself賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) “發(fā)現(xiàn)自己發(fā)現(xiàn)自己”仿寫仿寫醒來時，湯姆發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在醫(yī)院里。醒來時，湯姆發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在醫(yī)院里。When Tom woke up, he _.found himself lying in hospital3. Its a great pity that its prob

6、ably the last time this will happen. 真遺憾，這樣美妙的夜晚很可能不會再有了。真遺憾，這樣美妙的夜晚很可能不會再有了。解讀解讀It is a great pity that. “很可惜很可惜”仿寫仿寫我跟最好的朋友失去了聯(lián)系，真是太可惜了。我跟最好的朋友失去了聯(lián)系，真是太可惜了。_he got seious/yill_ I have lost contact with my best friend.Its a great pity that4. It was not until the 1920s that pompoms began to play an

7、important part in cheerleading.直到直到20世紀(jì)世紀(jì)20年年代，彩線球才在啦啦隊隊員的表演中發(fā)揮重要作用。代，彩線球才在啦啦隊隊員的表演中發(fā)揮重要作用。解讀解讀It was not until.that.“直到直到才才”仿寫仿寫直到他得了重病才知道健康的重要性。直到他得了重病才知道健康的重要性。_he got seriously ill_he knew the importance of health.It was not untilthat表語從句和主語從句表語從句和主語從句1. (2014山東煙臺一模山東煙臺一模)What made the archeolog

8、ist feel excited was_he finally found two ancient vases in _seemed to him to be a kings bedroom.Athat；thatBwhat；whatCwhat；that Dthat；what解析：句意：讓這個考古學(xué)家感到興奮的是他最終在一個在他解析：句意：讓這個考古學(xué)家感到興奮的是他最終在一個在他看來像是國王的臥室的地方發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個古代花瓶。第一空用看來像是國王的臥室的地方發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個古代花瓶。第一空用that引導(dǎo)表語從句，引導(dǎo)表語從句，that在從句中不作成分；第二空用在從句中不作成分；第二空用what引引導(dǎo)賓語

9、從句，導(dǎo)賓語從句，what在賓語從句中作主語。在賓語從句中作主語。D項正確。項正確。D2. (2013寧夏銀川一中高三第四次考試寧夏銀川一中高三第四次考試)Maybe all Americans realize that_they expect to be the next president will face masses of problems.Awho BwhoeverCwhomever Dno matter who解析：考查賓語從句。句意：或許所有的美國人都意識到無解析：考查賓語從句。句意：或許所有的美國人都意識到無論他們期望誰當(dāng)下一屆總統(tǒng)，他都將面臨諸多問題。論他們期望誰當(dāng)下一屆總

10、統(tǒng)，他都將面臨諸多問題?！?_they expect to be the next president”是主語從是主語從句，從句中缺少賓語，且此處表示句，從句中缺少賓語，且此處表示“無論誰無論誰”，故用，故用whoever。B3. (2014甘肅蘭州高三模擬甘肅蘭州高三模擬)It never occurred to me _you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.Awhich BwhatCthatDif解析：句意：我認(rèn)為你不會說服他改變主意。此處解析：句意：我認(rèn)為你不會說服他改變主意。此處it為形式主為形式主語，而真正的主語

11、為語，而真正的主語為_ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind。引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不。引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作成分，故用連詞作成分，故用連詞that。C4. _ impressed the audience most was _ the magician played in the Spring Gala of 2013. AWhat；what BWhat；thatCThat；what DThat；that 解析：句意：給觀眾印象最深的是魔術(shù)師在解析：句意：給觀眾印象最深的是魔術(shù)師在2013年春晚當(dāng)中年春晚當(dāng)中所演的節(jié)目。所演的節(jié)目。

12、_ impressed the audience most為主為主語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故選代詞語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故選代詞what；_ the magician played in the Spring Gala of 2013為表語為表語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作played的賓語，故選的賓語，故選 what。 A5. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That is _the best jobs are.Awhere Bwhat Cwhen Dwhy解析：考查解析：考查where引導(dǎo)表語從句。句意：引導(dǎo)表語從句。

13、句意：Bob，為何不去市，為何不去市區(qū)試試運氣？那兒是最佳工作所在的地方。區(qū)試試運氣？那兒是最佳工作所在的地方。A 1.settle vt. 使定居；安排；解決；使平靜 vi. 定居；停留；決定 (教材P16)., someone who helps students to settle problems that they have with other students. ，一個能幫助學(xué)生解決與別的同學(xué)之間矛盾的人。 settle oneself平靜下來；定居下來 settle down 安下心來， 定居 settle down to(doing) sth. 安心去做；專心 做settle

14、 in/ into 遷入遷入(新居新居); 習(xí)慣于習(xí)慣于settle on/ upon 決定；同意決定；同意(某事某事) (2013高考陜西卷高考陜西卷閱讀理解閱讀理解) After getting settled finally in Brunswick，New Jersey，I enrolled(注冊注冊) my son in kindergarten.我定居在新澤西的布倫斯威克之后，就在幼兒我定居在新澤西的布倫斯威克之后，就在幼兒園給兒子注冊了。園給兒子注冊了。(牛津詞典牛津詞典)Lets settle the date of the next meeting.咱們把下次開會的日期定下來

15、吧。咱們把下次開會的日期定下來吧。(朗文辭典朗文辭典) They _ a serious discussion over coffee.他們喝著咖啡，開始認(rèn)真討論問題。他們喝著咖啡，開始認(rèn)真討論問題。After years of travelling, he decided to _ here.旅行多年之后，他決定在此定居下來。旅行多年之后，他決定在此定居下來。settled down tosettle down易混辨析易混辨析settle，solvesettlesolve意為意為“解決，處理解決，處理”，其對象通常是某種爭端，其對象通常是某種爭端，后常接后常接 affair, matter,

16、 business, argument, disagreement，dispute等詞匯。等詞匯。意為意為“解答，解決解答，解決”，側(cè)重的是給出一個答案，側(cè)重的是給出一個答案,后常后常接接problem，difficulty，riddle，puzzle等詞匯。等詞匯。巧思妙解巧思妙解用用settle, solve填空填空(1) You should _ your affairs before you leave.(2) We must think of ways to _ the problem as soon as possible.settlesolve2.suit vt.適合，使合適適合

17、，使合適vi.使適應(yīng)使適應(yīng) 合適；相稱合適；相稱n. 一套衣服；套裝一套衣服；套裝(教材教材P17) I found a dress that suited me perfectly, and had my hair specially done on the day of the prom.我找到了一件非常適合我的晚禮服，畢業(yè)舞會上還專門做了我找到了一件非常適合我的晚禮服，畢業(yè)舞會上還專門做了頭發(fā)。頭發(fā)。(1)suit sb.(fine) (很很)合某人的意；對某人合某人的意；對某人(很很)合適合適suit.to. 使使適合適合/適應(yīng)適應(yīng)suit oneself 隨自己的意愿行事；自便隨自己

18、的意愿行事；自便(2) suitable adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配的適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配的be suitable for be fit for 適合；勝任適合；勝任(2013高考新課標(biāo)全國卷高考新課標(biāo)全國卷短文改錯短文改錯)When tea got popular in Britain，there was a crying need for good cups with handles to suit British habits.當(dāng)茶在英國流行的當(dāng)茶在英國流行的時候，人們迫切需要有茶柄的茶壺來適合英國人的習(xí)慣。時候，人們迫切需要有茶柄的茶壺來適合英國人的習(xí)慣。The house _ not really

19、 _ such a large family.這座房子真的不太合適那么大一個家庭。這座房子真的不太合適那么大一個家庭。 I dont want to go out with you tonight. 今晚我不想和你一起出去。今晚我不想和你一起出去。Suit yourself.隨你的便。隨你的便。issuitable for3.attractvt. 吸引；引起吸引；引起的注意的注意(或興趣等或興趣等)vi. 吸引吸引(教材教材P19)Which club would attract students who enjoy music?哪家俱樂部會吸引那些喜歡音樂的學(xué)生？哪家俱樂部會吸引那些喜歡音樂

20、的學(xué)生？(1) attract sb.to sth.把某人吸引到把某人吸引到attract sb.s attention吸引某人的注意力吸引某人的注意力(2) attraction n吸引吸引(力力); 具有吸引力的事物具有吸引力的事物/人人attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起興趣的有吸引力的；引起興趣的(2013高考浙江卷高考浙江卷閱讀理解閱讀理解)First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. 首先他開了一家店，然后在店外掛了一個招牌來首先他開了一家店

21、，然后在店外掛了一個招牌來吸引顧客。吸引顧客。(牛津詞典牛津詞典)What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.這份工作最吸引我的是它有旅游的機(jī)會。這份工作最吸引我的是它有旅游的機(jī)會。What he said _. 他說的話引起了我的注意力。他說的話引起了我的注意力。attracted my attention4.consider vt. & vi. 考慮；思考；認(rèn)為考慮；思考；認(rèn)為 (教材教材P23)In America, the development of social skills is considered as

22、 important as the development of intellectual skills.在美國在美國,社交能力的培養(yǎng)被看作和智力水平的培養(yǎng)同等重要。社交能力的培養(yǎng)被看作和智力水平的培養(yǎng)同等重要。(1)consider(考慮考慮) 動名詞動名詞/從句從句/what(how)to do (2)consider(認(rèn)為認(rèn)為) 賓語從句賓語從句(3)take.into consideration將將考慮在內(nèi)考慮在內(nèi)(4) considerate adj. 體貼的；考慮周到的體貼的；考慮周到的considerable adj. 相當(dāng)?shù)?，頗多的相當(dāng)?shù)?，頗多的considering perp

23、. 考慮到考慮到(2013高考大綱全國卷高考大綱全國卷閱讀理解閱讀理解)Why is biomass considered as “a sort of natural battery”？為什么生物質(zhì)？為什么生物質(zhì)被認(rèn)為是被認(rèn)為是“一種天然電池一種天然電池”？(牛津詞典牛津詞典) Were still considering where to move to.我們?nèi)栽诳紤]搬到哪里去。我們?nèi)栽诳紤]搬到哪里去。We are _ to Canada.我們正考慮到加拿大去。我們正考慮到加拿大去。considering going.品句填詞品句填詞1Choose a computer to _(適合適合)

24、your particular needs.2He was awarded a _(證書證書)upon completion of his course of study.3Driving with_(陳舊的，磨損的陳舊的，磨損的)tires can be dangerous.4You are only allowed to take 5 kilograms of carry-on_(行李行李)onto a plane.suitcertificatewornluggage5Daniel arrived at the meeting_(準(zhǔn)時地準(zhǔn)時地)at ten oclocknot a minu

25、te early or late.6The company is very strict on enforcing health and safety_(規(guī)則規(guī)則)7How many of your classmates got the _(獎學(xué)獎學(xué)金金)last term?8Theres only one way to_ (解決解決)the argument，and they know it.punctuallyregulationscholarshipsettle.單項填空單項填空1 . H e w a s o n c e i n l o w s p i r i t s a n d e v

26、 e n considered_.Ato die Bto dyingCdying Dhaving died 解析：考查動詞的用法。句意：他曾經(jīng)情緒低落，甚至考慮解析：考查動詞的用法。句意：他曾經(jīng)情緒低落，甚至考慮過死。過死。consider doing sth.考慮做某事，因此選考慮做某事，因此選C。C2. Do you know anyone in Paris?No. Ill make friends once_.AIm settled BI have settledCIll be settled DIm settling解析：解析：settle作作“安家安家”解時解時,既可用既可用sett

27、le,也可用也可用be settled。此處是由。此處是由once(一旦一旦)引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，故用一般現(xiàn)在引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，故用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。時表將來。A1. look back at/on sth. 回顧；回憶；回頭看回顧；回憶；回頭看(教材教材P16 ) Meanwhile，I find myself looking back at my senior year，and thinking about all the wonderful things that have happened.同時，我發(fā)覺自己在回顧自己高中最后一年的時光，追憶所同時，我發(fā)覺自己在回顧自己高中最后一年的時

28、光，追憶所有發(fā)生過的美好往事。有發(fā)生過的美好往事。bring sth.back使回憶起，想起使回憶起，想起call sth. to mind 使回想起某事使回想起某事call sth. up 喚起對喚起對的回憶的回憶When I look back at the past and think how much time has been wasted in vain, my heart is broken. 當(dāng)我當(dāng)我回顧過去時，想到自己虛度了多少光陰，心里痛苦極了?；仡欉^去時，想到自己虛度了多少光陰，心里痛苦極了。_ his childhood, the old man feels happy

29、.一回想起他的童年，這位老人就感到很幸福。一回想起他的童年，這位老人就感到很幸福。The smell of the flower brings back her memories.花香喚起了她對往事的回憶?；ㄏ銌酒鹆怂龑ν碌幕貞洝his picture called up memories of our class trip.這張照片使我們想起我們班的那次旅行。這張照片使我們想起我們班的那次旅行。On looking back on/at2. as far as Im concerned就就而言而言(教材教材P22)As far as Im concerned，.就我而言，就我而言，(1)

30、 as/so far as. be concerned 關(guān)于；至于；就關(guān)于；至于；就而言而言as/so far as I know 據(jù)我所知據(jù)我所知as far as I can remember 據(jù)我所能記得的據(jù)我所能記得的as far as the eye can see 就視力所能及就視力所能及(2) as far as 一直到；遠(yuǎn)到一直到；遠(yuǎn)到far from 遠(yuǎn)非遠(yuǎn)非so far 到目前為止到目前為止(2013高考新課標(biāo)全國卷高考新課標(biāo)全國卷信息匹配信息匹配) As far as were concerned，there are basically no hard and fast

31、rules about public speaking. 就我們而言，關(guān)于公眾演講基本上就我們而言，關(guān)于公眾演講基本上沒有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定。沒有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定。(朗文辭典朗文辭典)_， it sounds like a great idea.就我而言，這聽起來是個很好的主意。就我而言，這聽起來是個很好的主意。The flood waters in the summer of 2013 had come up as far as our house. 2013年夏天的洪水一直涌到我們家的房子。年夏天的洪水一直涌到我們家的房子。What you said is _. 你所說遠(yuǎn)非事實。你所說遠(yuǎn)非事實。As f

32、ar as Im concernedfar from (being) true/the truth.選詞填空選詞填空1. I like to _ my high-school days, which were the happiest in my life.2. _， you can go whenever you want.3. All the students _ at the party last night.4. The study shows that office workers _ suffer back problems.5. _，the country needs a cha

33、nge of government.look back at；as far as Im concerned；be likely to do；have fun；in ones viewlook back atAs far as Im concernedhad funare likely toIn my view.單項填空單項填空1I often_the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.Alook up Blook atClook for Dlook into解析：考查短語辨析。句意：我經(jīng)常在字典里或網(wǎng)上查閱不解析：考查

34、短語辨析。句意：我經(jīng)常在字典里或網(wǎng)上查閱不認(rèn)識的單詞。認(rèn)識的單詞。look up查閱查閱;look at看看, 注視注視;look for尋找尋找;look into朝里看，調(diào)查。故選朝里看，調(diào)查。故選A項。項。A2. _Im concerned，he had worked in a car factory before he became a soldier.AAs long as BAs far asCSo long as DAs well as解析：考查固定搭配。解析：考查固定搭配。as far as sb./sth.is concerned“就就某人某人/物而言物而言”是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此

35、選是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此選B。as long asso long as只要只要,長達(dá)長達(dá)；as well as和和，也。，也。B3. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled _ the local market.Alonger than Bmore thanCas much as Das far as解析：句意：在古代，人們很少走很遠(yuǎn)的路，很多農(nóng)民最遠(yuǎn)解析：句意：在古代，人們很少走很遠(yuǎn)的路，很多農(nóng)民最遠(yuǎn)也只是到當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌?。根?jù)句意故選也只是到當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌?。根?jù)句意故

36、選as far as“遠(yuǎn)到遠(yuǎn)到”。D (教材P16 )Meanwhile，I find myself looking back at my senior year，and thinking about all the wonderful things that have happened. 同時，我發(fā)覺自己在回顧自己高中最后一年的時光，追憶所有發(fā)生過的美好往事。 句中“find oneself賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，指突然發(fā)覺自己處于某種處境或在做某事。其賓補(bǔ)常由介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞充當(dāng)。 (1)find賓語 賓補(bǔ)“發(fā)現(xiàn)/覺得處于某種狀態(tài)”。 (2) find it adj./n. to do s

37、th.(it作形式賓語) 表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為做某事”。I found the book (to be) very instructive.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書非常有教育意義。我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書非常有教育意義。He found the city much _.他發(fā)現(xiàn)這個城市發(fā)生了巨大的變化。他發(fā)現(xiàn)這個城市發(fā)生了巨大的變化。They found the old man working in the garden.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)老人在花園里工作。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)老人在花園里工作。 (2013高考陜西卷高考陜西卷信息匹配信息匹配)Many parents _ in the house for their children.很多父母

38、發(fā)現(xiàn)在家給孩子養(yǎng)一些寵物是很有用的。很多父母發(fā)現(xiàn)在家給孩子養(yǎng)一些寵物是很有用的。溫馨提示溫馨提示find的賓語補(bǔ)足語通常不用的賓語補(bǔ)足語通常不用to do，但是可以用，但是可以用to be。changedfind it helpful to have pets.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. When the girl came to herself，she found herself _ (lie) in a strange room.2I found it difficult_(learn) Chinese.3. A group of children were fo

39、und _(play) on the playground.lyingto learnplaying.單項填空單項填空1. When I came back from shopping，I found my iPhone 5S _. Ahaving stolenBbeing stolenCstolen Dstealing 解析：句意：我購物回來后，發(fā)現(xiàn)我的蘋果手機(jī)被偷了?？战馕觯壕湟猓何屹徫锘貋砗?，發(fā)現(xiàn)我的蘋果手機(jī)被偷了?？瞻滋幾髻e補(bǔ)，白處作賓補(bǔ)，steal(偷偷)與賓語是被動關(guān)系，且已完成，故用與賓語是被動關(guān)系，且已完成，故用過去分詞過去分詞stolen。being stolen雖然表示被動

40、雖然表示被動,但表示正在進(jìn)但表示正在進(jìn)行行,故不能用。故不能用。C2. (2014山東濰坊模擬山東濰坊模擬) If you are found _in the schoolyard, you _ by the teachers.Asmoking；are blamed Bsmoke；are punishedCsmoking；are to blame Dsmoking；are to punish解析：句意：如果發(fā)現(xiàn)你在校園里吸煙，你應(yīng)受到老師的責(zé)解析：句意：如果發(fā)現(xiàn)你在校園里吸煙，你應(yīng)受到老師的責(zé)備。備。find sb.doing sth.“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在做發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在做”。選。選A項第二項第二個空應(yīng)用

41、個空應(yīng)用will be blamed；D項應(yīng)用項應(yīng)用are to be punished;而而C項中項中be to blame是固定用法是固定用法,意為意為“某人應(yīng)受責(zé)備某人應(yīng)受責(zé)備”。因。因此選此選C。C寫作素材寫作素材1李華被認(rèn)為是一名優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，她每學(xué)期都得獎學(xué)金。李華被認(rèn)為是一名優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，她每學(xué)期都得獎學(xué)金。2她總是很準(zhǔn)時，對別人很體貼。她總是很準(zhǔn)時，對別人很體貼。3兩周前她被選為我們班的班長。她說她會全心全意為班級兩周前她被選為我們班的班長。她說她會全心全意為班級服務(wù)。服務(wù)。提示：提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達(dá)。黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達(dá)。連句成篇連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇將以上句

42、子連成一篇50詞左右的英語短文詞左右的英語短文)_Li Hua is considered to be an outstanding student, who wins scholarships every term. She is always punctual and considerate towards others.She was elected，monitor of our class fortnight ago and she says shell serve our class heart and soul.文章結(jié)構(gòu)題解題技法文章結(jié)構(gòu)題解題技法把握文章發(fā)展脈絡(luò)把握文章發(fā)展脈絡(luò),

43、巧解文章結(jié)構(gòu)題巧解文章結(jié)構(gòu)題1所謂文章結(jié)構(gòu)題，就是指那些針對文章的整體篇章結(jié)構(gòu)或所謂文章結(jié)構(gòu)題，就是指那些針對文章的整體篇章結(jié)構(gòu)或某一段落的論述層次所設(shè)置的問題。這類題主要考查考生在某一段落的論述層次所設(shè)置的問題。這類題主要考查考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對文章所描述事件的發(fā)展順序、所說明事理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對文章所描述事件的發(fā)展順序、所說明事物的結(jié)構(gòu)層次或在論述觀點過程中使用的論證方法進(jìn)行歸納物的結(jié)構(gòu)層次或在論述觀點過程中使用的論證方法進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié)的能力。文章結(jié)構(gòu)題的題干表現(xiàn)形式：和總結(jié)的能力。文章結(jié)構(gòu)題的題干表現(xiàn)形式：(1)Which of the following shows the org

44、anization of the passage?(2)In the next part，what would the author most probably discuss?(3)How is the passage mainly developed?2文章結(jié)構(gòu)題常用技法文章結(jié)構(gòu)題常用技法(1)把握各段的要點；把握各段的要點；(2)掌握常見的寫作方法掌握常見的寫作方法(時間順序、空間順序、舉例、對比時間順序、空間順序、舉例、對比或類比或類比)和結(jié)構(gòu)和結(jié)構(gòu)(總總分、總分、總分分總、分總、分總等總等)(3)結(jié)合不同的文體全面考慮問題。結(jié)合不同的文體全面考慮問題。(2013高考陜西卷高考陜西卷C

45、)According to sociologists(社會學(xué)家社會學(xué)家)，every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(階層階層)Class，power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.Class means a persons economic position in society.A commonly used classification is lower class，middle class and

46、upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined，they do describe societies like the United States quite well.One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class，and 1% the upper class.Interestingly，a surgeon earning $500,000 a yea

47、r and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.Obviously，people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使行使)big power，but people who take orders from others have less power.Po

48、wer and class do not always go hand in hand，however.For example，the governor of a state has great power，but he or she may not belong to a corresponding (相應(yīng)的相應(yīng)的)economic class.Generally，however，there is a relationship between power and class.To our knowledge，there arent too many people who arent mill

49、ionaires in the US.Senate!Status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society.It can also be affected by power and class，but not necessarily so.For example，a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.解讀導(dǎo)語

50、解讀導(dǎo)語本文是一篇說明文，用本文是一篇說明文，用“總總分分”的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)介紹了等級、權(quán)力和身份在人類社會等級排列中的重要性。介紹了等級、權(quán)力和身份在人類社會等級排列中的重要性。54.What can we learn about“the middle class”from Paragraph 2?_APeople earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class.BNearly half Americans belong to the middle class.CPeople generally consider bus drivers

51、 as the middle class.DSociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“46% the middle class”可知可知B項是正確的。根據(jù)本段最后一句中的項是正確的。根據(jù)本段最后一句中的“a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class”可知可知A項片

52、面了，而公共汽車司機(jī)是自己把自項片面了，而公共汽車司機(jī)是自己把自己看成是中層階級，所以己看成是中層階級，所以C項是錯誤的。根據(jù)本段第三句中項是錯誤的。根據(jù)本段第三句中的的“sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined”可知社會學(xué)家對階層的定義也不明確，故可知社會學(xué)家對階層的定義也不明確，故D項錯誤。項錯誤。55According to the text，we know that_.Apower and class do not always correspond with each otherBstatus

53、 refers to a persons economic position in societyCpeople with high status have a lot of control over othersDclass is less important in deciding a persons social rank解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第三句解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第三句“Power and class do not always go hand in hand.”可知權(quán)力和等級可知權(quán)力和等級并不總是相對應(yīng)的，故并不總是相對應(yīng)的，故A項為正確答案。由第二段第一句

54、知項為正確答案。由第二段第一句知B項中的項中的status應(yīng)改為應(yīng)改為class。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“It can also be affected by power and class，but not necessarily so.”可知可知C項是錯誤的。通讀第一段、第三、項是錯誤的。通讀第一段、第三、四段可知四段可知D項是錯誤的。項是錯誤的。A56Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?_(P：Paragraph)A解析：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段總述了三個方面解析：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第

55、一段總述了三個方面(class，power，status)在定義階層中的作用，第二段在定義階層中的作用，第二段(class)、第三、第三段段(power)和第四段和第四段(status)分別敘述了它們的作用，文章結(jié)分別敘述了它們的作用，文章結(jié)構(gòu)為構(gòu)為“總總分分”式，所以選擇式，所以選擇A項。項。第第56題為篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)來看，文章在第一段題為篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)來看，文章在第一段總述了總述了“Class，power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.”，然后分別在第二、，然后分別在第二、三、四段說明了三、四段說明了class，power以及以及status的具體含義。故本的具體含義。故本文為總文為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，所以分結(jié)構(gòu)，所以A項正確。項正確。