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1、高中語(yǔ)法綜合高中語(yǔ)法綜合復(fù)習(xí)全解復(fù)習(xí)全解objectiveTo learn to use the non-finite verbs correctly【2011全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen【解析解析】句意為句意為“接下來(lái)我們看到的是煙接下來(lái)我們看到的是煙霧從房子的后面冒出來(lái)。霧從房子的后面冒出來(lái)。”rise升起來(lái)和升起來(lái)和see看到這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，因此選擇看到這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，因此選擇現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的形式表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)

2、作和謂現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的形式表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。選語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。選B。 【2011全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument. A.says B.said C. to say D. saying【解析解析】句意為句意為“Sarah假裝開(kāi)心，對(duì)那假裝開(kāi)心，對(duì)那次爭(zhēng)論什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。次爭(zhēng)論什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)?！盇和和B項(xiàng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)項(xiàng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，句中沒(méi)有連詞，故排除；詞形式，句中沒(méi)有連詞，故排除；C項(xiàng)是項(xiàng)是作目的狀語(yǔ)，而句中是伴隨狀態(tài)，故選作目的狀語(yǔ)，而句中是伴隨狀態(tài)，故選D?！?011上

3、海春招上海春招,36】_in1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park. A.Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened【解析解析】句意為句意為“很多人認(rèn)為很多人認(rèn)為1955年開(kāi)業(yè)的年開(kāi)業(yè)的加利福尼亞迪斯尼樂(lè)園非常有趣。加利福尼亞迪斯尼樂(lè)園非常有趣?！眔pen開(kāi)業(yè)，與開(kāi)業(yè)，與Disneyland之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系；之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系；D項(xiàng)項(xiàng)Being opened表正在進(jìn)行，但開(kāi)業(yè)的事表正在進(jìn)行，但開(kāi)業(yè)的事實(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故選實(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)生

4、，故選A?！?011四川卷四川卷,2】Ladex doest feel like _ abroad. Her parents are old.A.study B.studying C. studied D.to study【解析解析】句意為句意為“Ladex不愿意去國(guó)外留學(xué)，不愿意去國(guó)外留學(xué)，因?yàn)樗母改改昙o(jì)大了。因?yàn)樗母改改昙o(jì)大了?！眆eel like doing sth.想要做某事，習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。因此選想要做某事，習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。因此選B?！?011陜西卷陜西卷,14】Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left. A.check

5、 B.checking C.to check D.checked【解析解析】句意為句意為“Claire在登機(jī)前一小時(shí)她在登機(jī)前一小時(shí)她攜帶的行李接受了檢查。攜帶的行李接受了檢查?！県ave sth. done“讓讓被做被做”。邏輯主語(yǔ)是。邏輯主語(yǔ)是her luggage，和和check的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以答案選擇的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以答案選擇D。1.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)；不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)；2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容詞性功能、不定式的功能：不定式的形容詞性功能、不定式的副詞性功能、不定式的名詞性功能；不定式的副詞性功能、不定式的名詞性功能；3.不定式的省略；不定式的省略；4.不定式的否定形

6、式；不定式的否定形式；5.不定式的搭配形式；不定式的搭配形式；6.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考查要點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考查要點(diǎn)7.v-ing分詞名詞性功能；分詞名詞性功能；8.v-ing分詞形容詞性功能；分詞形容詞性功能；9.v-ing分詞副詞性功能；分詞副詞性功能；10.過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的區(qū)別；過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的區(qū)別；11.過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)完成式的區(qū)過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)完成式的區(qū)別；別；12.過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式的區(qū)過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別別 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞分詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

7、：概述：概述：2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語(yǔ)外的所有中可以作除謂語(yǔ)外的所有成分成分動(dòng)詞不定式（動(dòng)詞不定式（The Infinitive）一一. 動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：由不定式符號(hào)由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。其加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成不定式構(gòu)成肯定式：肯定式：to do sth 否定式：否定式：not to do sth. 被動(dòng)式：被動(dòng)式：to be done 完成式：完成式：to have done二二. 動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用法動(dòng)詞不定式

8、的句法作用法動(dòng)詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和動(dòng)詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作名詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成份。語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成份。動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish.I want to see you this eveningAll you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patie

9、nt not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)(1)作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) 不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，將做形式主語(yǔ)，將to do放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型句型2：Its + n. +

10、 to do It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains句型句型1：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.toto常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇 want decide hope agree choose wish need promise(2)作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ) I want to know this matter.I dont expect to meet you here.接不定式做賓語(yǔ)接不定式做賓語(yǔ)to giveto getto b

11、eto goto danceB. 常跟疑問(wèn)詞常跟疑問(wèn)詞+不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see(understand)He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.I hope youll advise me what to do.I dont know how to get there.I havent

12、 decided whether to go or stay. 1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest4. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A.

13、 to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off(3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系關(guān)系)1. Mother told me _ come back before 10 oclock. 2. Ill get someone _ repair the recorder for you. 3. What caused him _ change his mind? 4.I wish you _ come as soon as possible. 5. He asked

14、me _do the work with him.tototototo oblige2).I often hear them _ (sing) this song. Did you notice anyone _ (come )in ? I would have him _ (wait) for me for a long time. 注意：注意： 當(dāng)這類動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)當(dāng)這類動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，時(shí)， 其后的不定式則要加上其后的不定式則要加上“ to” 如：如： He is often heard _ the song He was seen _ the room. to singto ent

15、ersingcomewait4. it作形式賓語(yǔ)作形式賓語(yǔ)I find/feel it interesting to work with him注意：注意：不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，而用賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。作形式賓語(yǔ)。 Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth. 1.We thought _ better _ start early. 2.Do you consider _ bette

16、r not _ go?3. I feel _ my duty _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.ittoittoittoittoitto用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子完整、正確句子完整、正確。1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the ci

17、nema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.help(to)waterto takecryto cry4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the window.A. not to look B. to not lookC. dont look D. not look 5.

18、(不定式作不定式作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)) 1)不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? (區(qū)別主被動(dòng)）區(qū)別主被動(dòng)）2)不定式用來(lái)說(shuō)明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容不定式用來(lái)說(shuō)明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容 I have no chance to go there.3) 被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ) She is the last to leave the room.4) 不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須加介詞不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須加介詞 He i

19、s looking for a room to live in. 1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit with B. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruit D. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say

20、.please find a piece of paper _（寫(xiě)上）（寫(xiě)上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （寫(xiě)）（寫(xiě)）to write onto write with(5)作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。1) I came here to see you2) We were very excited to hear the news3) He hurried to the school to find nobody there . 4) To look at him

21、，you would like him(目的目的) (原因原因)(結(jié)果結(jié)果) (條件條件)動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)名詞（gerund）I hope you dont mind my saying it.Have you finished reading the book?Looking after the patients is a nurses job.When my father heard the news, he couldnt help laughing.Marys coming late made her teacher angryFind out the gerund from the sen

22、tences.一一. 動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)又具有名詞的動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)又具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，具體表現(xiàn)為：特點(diǎn)，具體表現(xiàn)為：1.動(dòng)名詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾動(dòng)名詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾I hope you dont mind my saying it.2. 動(dòng)名詞可帶有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞可帶有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)Are you for or against having the meeting.I insisted

23、 on leaving at once.二二. 動(dòng)名詞的性質(zhì)動(dòng)名詞的性質(zhì)三三.動(dòng)名詞的功用動(dòng)名詞的功用1.可作主語(yǔ)可作主語(yǔ)Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + doing.It is no use crying.It is no good objectingLooking after the patients

24、 is a nurses job.Its dangerous playing with fire.Its a waste of time copying others homework.There is no joking about the matter.2.可作賓語(yǔ)可作賓語(yǔ) S. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.在某些動(dòng)詞后要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不在某些動(dòng)詞后要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式，常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有：能用不定式，常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有：避免錯(cuò)過(guò)避免錯(cuò)過(guò)

25、 (少少) 延期延期 avoid miss delay/postpone建議完成建議完成 (多多) 練習(xí)練習(xí) suggest / advise finish practise喜歡想象喜歡想象 禁不住禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help承認(rèn)承認(rèn) 否定否定 (與與) 嫉妒嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脫逃脫 冒險(xiǎn)冒險(xiǎn) (莫莫) 原諒原諒 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受忍受 保持保持 (不不) 在意在意 stand keep / keep on mind People are not al

26、lowed to fish here. 人們不準(zhǔn)在這兒釣魚(yú)。人們不準(zhǔn)在這兒釣魚(yú)。 We dont allow people to fish here. 我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)谶@兒釣魚(yú)。我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)谶@兒釣魚(yú)。注：在動(dòng)詞注：在動(dòng)詞advise, allow, advise, allow, forbid(forbid(禁止禁止) )，permitpermit（允許）（允許）等后，如果沒(méi)有人稱賓語(yǔ)，后跟等后，如果沒(méi)有人稱賓語(yǔ)，后跟動(dòng)名詞；如果有人稱賓語(yǔ)則后跟動(dòng)名詞；如果有人稱賓語(yǔ)則后跟不定式。例如不定式。例如 prefer.to. look forward to be used to put off giv

27、e up S. + keep on + doing succeed in cant help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem (in)作介詞作介詞/短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ):S. + v. + prep. + doinge.g.She sat there without (speak)I look forward to (see) him again.Are you used to (live) there alone?When my father heard the news, he couldnt h

28、elp (laugh).I dont feel like (go) to see the film.He was busy (prepare) his lessons.主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng): want (需要需要) need (需要需要) require (需要需要) Sth. + + doing be worth (值得值得)使用動(dòng)名使用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含達(dá)被動(dòng)含義義to be done使用不定式作賓語(yǔ)使用不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，依然用被動(dòng)形時(shí)，依然用被動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義 The room wants (clean). The method n

29、eeds (improve). This pair of shoes require (mend). The problem needs (work out). The question is well worth (discuss)d）動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)詞 “l(fā)ike, love, hate, prefer”后接動(dòng)后接動(dòng)名詞表示名詞表示“習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作”，后接不定式，后接不定式表示表示“心理或一次具體動(dòng)作心理或一次具體動(dòng)作”。當(dāng)用在當(dāng)用在 should, would之后時(shí)，只跟不定式之后時(shí)，只跟不定式。I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this a

30、fternoon.我喜歡游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。我喜歡游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。What would you like to eat tonight?你今晚上想吃什么？你今晚上想吃什么？動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè) 物主代詞或物主代詞或 名詞所有名詞所有格來(lái)表示格來(lái)表示 這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ) ，構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)1).物主代詞物主代詞 / 名詞所有格名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作主語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ): Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do y

31、ou mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper?Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.2).人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓格 / 名詞名詞 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作賓語(yǔ)在句中作賓語(yǔ):Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going.She hates young people (them) smoking.3).在在

32、“There is no+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)” 句型中，常用句型中，常用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)。There is no telling what will happen in the future.There is no denying that he plotted this rebellion.（無(wú)可否認(rèn)，他策劃了這次謀反（無(wú)可否認(rèn)，他策劃了這次謀反.）1) The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2) He is a promising young man. 3) The man, having been disturbed so

33、badly, almost lost his memory4) We found the boy sleeping.分詞：分詞：ParticiplesFind out the participles.一一 分詞的概述分詞的概述1. 分詞是分詞是“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”的另一種形式，的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)它有兩種形式：現(xiàn) 在分詞（在分詞（Present Participle）和過(guò)去分詞（）和過(guò)去分詞（Past Participle）。）。 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：doing 過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 V+ed 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在分詞

34、在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中句中 作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語(yǔ)態(tài)上：語(yǔ)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)被動(dòng)Do you know the woman talking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 時(shí)態(tài)上：時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表完成表完成Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boile

35、d water二、分詞的作用二、分詞的作用1 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)分詞作定語(yǔ)有兩種形式。它可以放在分詞作定語(yǔ)有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱為前置定語(yǔ)。被修飾的名詞之前，稱為前置定語(yǔ)。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后置定語(yǔ)。置定語(yǔ)。（1）前置定語(yǔ)）前置定語(yǔ)He is a promising young man. Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 我們只賣用過(guò)的書(shū)。我們只賣用過(guò)的書(shū)。（2）后置定語(yǔ)）后置定語(yǔ)The young man sitting between

36、 John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作。如果是單詞，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語(yǔ)，就放放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語(yǔ)，就放在被修飾的名詞之后。在被修飾的名詞之后。（3）分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)必須置于被修飾）分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)必須置于被修飾詞之后，詞之后， 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Those who wish to join the club should sign here(Those wishing to join this club should sign

37、here. )The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. （4）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)在意義上有兩種可）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動(dòng)和完成，只表完成。能：表示被動(dòng)和完成，只表完成。the question discussed yesterday 昨天討論的問(wèn)題昨天討論的問(wèn)題 （既表示被動(dòng)也表示完成）（既表示被動(dòng)也表示完成）the fallen leaves 落下的樹(shù)葉落下

38、的樹(shù)葉 (只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng))2、作表語(yǔ)、作表語(yǔ)分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。What you said is really inspiring. 你所說(shuō)的真令從鼓舞。你所說(shuō)的真令從鼓舞。3、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。等詞。I saw him walking in the street. 我看見(jiàn)他在街上走。我看見(jiàn)他在街上走。 I heard them singing in t

39、he classroom.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們?cè)诮淌依锍?。我?tīng)見(jiàn)他們?cè)诮淌依锍琛?We found the boy sleeping. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了?，F(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞在作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞在作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別四、作狀語(yǔ)四、作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)完成現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks

40、beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. 比較下列劃線部分在句中的作用、位置及其比較下列劃線部分在句中的作用、位置及其與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間順序與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間順序：(1)They have no drinking water now.(動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ))(2)The book to be published is about AIDS. (將要出版的這本書(shū)是關(guān)于艾滋病的。將要出版的這本書(shū)是關(guān)于艾

41、滋病的。不定不定式做定語(yǔ)式做定語(yǔ))(3)The rising sun is very beautiful.（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)）(4)The ground is covered with fallen leaves.(落葉滿地。落葉滿地。過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)) 不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別形式形式 與被修飾名與被修飾名詞位置順序詞位置順序 與所修飾與所修飾名詞的關(guān)名詞的關(guān)系系 與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間發(fā)生的時(shí)間順序順序不定式不定式 單個(gè)不定單個(gè)不定式或不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)式短語(yǔ) 名詞后名詞后 主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系系 一般指

42、將來(lái)一般指將來(lái)動(dòng)作，完成動(dòng)作，完成式在謂語(yǔ)之式在謂語(yǔ)之前前動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 只以單個(gè)只以單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞出動(dòng)名詞出現(xiàn)現(xiàn) 名詞前名詞前 表被修飾表被修飾名詞的用名詞的用途途 分詞分詞 單個(gè)分詞、單個(gè)分詞、分詞短語(yǔ)分詞短語(yǔ) 名詞前或后名詞前或后 主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系 同時(shí)或在謂同時(shí)或在謂語(yǔ)之前語(yǔ)之前1. 不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞的完成式時(shí)發(fā)生。不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞的完成式表動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)之前發(fā)生。表動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)之前發(fā)生。1) When mother came into the room，Sid pretended to be working ha

43、rd at his lessons.2) Robert is said to have studied abroad，but I dont know what country he studied in.3) Having finished all my homework，I went out to play football with Li Ming. followingfollowedLookingSeen 1. The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. (2011全國(guó)全國(guó))A.rose B.rising C. to

44、rise D.risen2. The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. (2011 全國(guó)全國(guó))A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument. (2011全國(guó)全國(guó)) A. says B. said C. to say D. saying4. Its important for the figures _ regularly. (2011 北京北京

45、)A.to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated5. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet. (2011北京北京)A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept6. Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. (2011天津天津)A.to carr

46、y B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried 7. _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. (2011天津天津)A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated8. Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished. (2

47、011 上海上海)A.looked B. to lookC. looking D. to be looking 9. _ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park. (2011 上海上海) A. Opened B. Having openedC. Opening D. Being opened10. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before. (2011 上海上海)

48、 A.to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working11. Look over theretheres a very long, winding path up to the house. (2011 山山東東)A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead12. Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citize

49、ns. (2011江蘇江蘇)Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared13. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable . (2011福建福建)A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold14. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to breakFill in the blanks1. 不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)發(fā)生。不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞的_表動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)之前發(fā)生。表動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)之前發(fā)生。完成時(shí)完成時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)