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1、主謂一致主謂一致 熟讀深思熟讀深思 My seatmate James, whose parents have been teaching1 English in Guangzhou for ten years, comes2 from the United States, which is3 one of the most developed countries in the world. He as well as his parents enjoys4 living in Guangzhou because neither James nor his parents find5 it d

2、ifficult to adapt to the life in China. In their opinion, many a custom here is6 easy to understand and ten years is7 enough for them to get used to all the customs.I, together with James, extremely like8 English but physics seems9 rather difficult for us. Besides, both he and I are10 very fond of r

3、eading story books, and the Arabian Nights is11 one of the most interesting books that have been read12 by us. Our class is13 united as a big family. Now the class are14 preparing for the coming sports meet, so large quantities of our recent time have been spent15on it. What we need is16 a qualified

4、 coach because being trained properly is17 of great importance. We each are all aware that each of us plays18 an important role in our class. We have decided to hold a celebration if getting a good result but when and where we are going to hold it hasnt been decided. 19 漢語譯文漢語譯文: :我的同桌詹姆士來自世界上最發(fā)達(dá)我的同

5、桌詹姆士來自世界上最發(fā)達(dá)的國家之一的國家之一美國，他的父母在廣州教英語長美國，他的父母在廣州教英語長達(dá)十年。他和他父母在廣州一樣生活得很開心，達(dá)十年。他和他父母在廣州一樣生活得很開心，因?yàn)椴还苁钦材肥?，還是他的雙親，都覺得適應(yīng)因?yàn)椴还苁钦材肥?，還是他的雙親，都覺得適應(yīng)中國的生活不難。中國的生活不難。 他們認(rèn)為這里的許多風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣都很容易懂，十他們認(rèn)為這里的許多風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣都很容易懂，十年的時(shí)間足以讓他們習(xí)慣這里所有的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。年的時(shí)間足以讓他們習(xí)慣這里所有的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。 我和詹姆士都特別喜歡英語，但是物理對(duì)我和詹姆士都特別喜歡英語，但是物理對(duì)我們而言是相當(dāng)難的。他和我都喜歡讀故事書，我們而言是相當(dāng)難的

6、。他和我都喜歡讀故事書，天方夜譚天方夜譚是我們讀過的最有趣的一本書。是我們讀過的最有趣的一本書。我們班團(tuán)結(jié)得像一個(gè)大家庭?，F(xiàn)在，全班同學(xué)我們班團(tuán)結(jié)得像一個(gè)大家庭。現(xiàn)在，全班同學(xué)正在準(zhǔn)備即將到來的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，所以最近我們把正在準(zhǔn)備即將到來的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，所以最近我們把大量時(shí)間都花在這上面了。我們需要的是一個(gè)大量時(shí)間都花在這上面了。我們需要的是一個(gè)合格的教練，因?yàn)榍‘?dāng)?shù)挠?xùn)練十分重要。我們合格的教練，因?yàn)榍‘?dāng)?shù)挠?xùn)練十分重要。我們大家都認(rèn)識(shí)到，我們每一個(gè)人在班集體里都扮大家都認(rèn)識(shí)到，我們每一個(gè)人在班集體里都扮演著重要的角色。我們決定，如果取得好成績(jī)演著重要的角色。我們決定，如果取得好成績(jī)的話，就開一個(gè)慶祝會(huì)，但

7、慶祝的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的話，就開一個(gè)慶祝會(huì)，但慶祝的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)還未確定。還未確定。1. 語法一致原則，復(fù)數(shù)主語用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。語法一致原則，復(fù)數(shù)主語用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。2. 語法一致原則，單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。語法一致原則，單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。3. 意義一致原則，若主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，而意意義一致原則，若主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上是單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。本句中的義上是單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。本句中的the United States雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但指的是一個(gè)雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但指的是一個(gè)國家，替代它的國家，替代它的which作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。4. 語法一致原則，語法一致原則， “A as wel

8、l as /together with /with B”結(jié)構(gòu)在主語位置時(shí)，主語是結(jié)構(gòu)在主語位置時(shí)，主語是A，因此，因此，謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞與A保持一致。保持一致。 熟思深思熟思深思 5. 就近原則，由就近原則，由or，eitheror，nor，neither nor，not onlybut also，notbut連接的并列主連接的并列主語，通常按照就近一致原則，謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)語，通常按照就近一致原則，謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依照靠近它的主語而定。數(shù)形式依照靠近它的主語而定。6. 語法一致原則，語法一致原則，many a(很多很多)/more than one(不只一個(gè)不只一個(gè))+單數(shù)名詞作主語

9、時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。單數(shù)形式。7. 意義一致原則，表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量、意義一致原則，表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量、度量、容量、溫度等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語，通?？炊攘?、容量、溫度等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語，通?？醋饕粋€(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。8. 語法一致原則，主語后面接說明主語的修飾語語法一致原則，主語后面接說明主語的修飾語together with，謂語動(dòng)詞不受修飾成分的影響，謂語動(dòng)詞不受修飾成分的影響，仍保持同主語一致的關(guān)系。仍保持同主語一致的關(guān)系。9. 意義一致原則，以意義一致原則，以-ics結(jié)尾表示學(xué)科的名結(jié)尾表示學(xué)科的名詞做

10、主語，通常表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞詞做主語，通常表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。用單數(shù)形式。10. 語法一致原則，當(dāng)主語是語法一致原則，當(dāng)主語是bothand連連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如果主語指的是兩個(gè)或兩接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如果主語指的是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。個(gè)以上的人或物，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。11. 意義一致原則，復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞意義一致原則，復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞（表示國家、城市、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織以及書籍、（表示國家、城市、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織以及書籍、報(bào)紙、雜志等）作主語，通常作為整體看報(bào)紙、雜志等）作主語，通常作為整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。12. 語法一致原則，語法一致原則，o

11、ne of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞十定語復(fù)數(shù)名詞十定語從句從句”之前有之前有the only，the very，the等限等限定詞時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式定詞時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式, 如沒有這些限定詞和修飾語，定語從句的如沒有這些限定詞和修飾語，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語動(dòng)詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。13. 意義一致原則，集體名詞意義一致原則，集體名詞class如果作整如果作整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。14. 意義一致原則，集體名詞意義一致原則，集體名詞class如果作個(gè)如果作個(gè)別成員看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。別成員看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 15. 當(dāng)當(dāng)“(l

12、arge) quantities of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。16. 當(dāng)當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)主語從句，或由引導(dǎo)主語從句，或由 and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)意義一致的原則來決定。據(jù)意義一致的原則來決定。17. 語法一致原則，非謂語動(dòng)詞語法一致原則，非謂語動(dòng)詞 (動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的ing形形式、不定式式、不定式)作主語時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。作主語時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。18. 當(dāng)當(dāng)“each + of+名詞名詞/代詞代詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形

13、式。動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。19. 語法一致原則，從句作主語時(shí)，謂語一般用語法一致原則，從句作主語時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。單數(shù)形式。 主謂一致與高考主謂一致與高考 1.語法填空中所給動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，語法填空中所給動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，要考慮主謂一致。要考慮主謂一致。2.短文改錯(cuò)中也常有主謂一致錯(cuò)誤。短文改錯(cuò)中也常有主謂一致錯(cuò)誤。1. Either you or the headmaster _ (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.謂語與謂語與the headmaster一致，故一致，故be用第三人用第三人稱單數(shù)稱

14、單數(shù)is, “be + to do”表示安排好的事。表示安排好的事。 is一、單句填空一、單句填空 靈活運(yùn)用靈活運(yùn)用 2. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _(visit) a museum when the earthquake struck. 謂語與謂語與the teacher一致，又根據(jù)慣用句型一致，又根據(jù)慣用句型結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)was /were doing.when.可知，用過可知，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。was visiting3. Two fifths of the land in that district _(

15、be) covered with trees and grass. 謂語與謂語與the land一致，用單數(shù)。一致，用單數(shù)。is4. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ (work) in the clothing industry. 因因a large number of(許多許多)短語作主語，謂語短語作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；由用復(fù)數(shù)；由nowadays可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。work5. With more forests being destroyed, hug

16、e quantities of good earth _ (wash) away each year. 因因quantities of作主語作主語, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；又需謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；又需要用被動(dòng)式，指近些年或近階段正在發(fā)生要用被動(dòng)式，指近些年或近階段正在發(fā)生的事，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。的事，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。are being washed6. He is the only one of the students who _(be) a winner of scholarship for three years. 謂語應(yīng)與謂語應(yīng)與the only one一致，又由一致，又由for three years可可知

17、用完成時(shí)。知用完成時(shí)。7. Every possible means _(use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 由由every可知可知means是單數(shù)是單數(shù), 由語境可知用完成時(shí)。由語境可知用完成時(shí)。have been usedhas been8. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ (not, decide) yet.不定式作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；由不定式作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；由yet可知用完成時(shí)?？芍猛瓿蓵r(shí)。9. She has set

18、a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _(reach) 50 million. 主語是復(fù)數(shù)主語是復(fù)數(shù)sales；又由前句的；又由前句的has set可知用現(xiàn)在可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。完成時(shí)態(tài)。 has not been decidedhave reached10. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _(work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline. 主語主語Professor Smith是單數(shù)，又由語境可知是單數(shù)，

19、又由語境可知用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。is working11. He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.在主格在主格he后，后，pretend是謂語動(dòng)詞，又由與是謂語動(dòng)詞，又由與之并列的之并列的giving可知，是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主可知，是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was pretending。was pretending12. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking.” Jane _ (inform).在主語在主語Ja

20、ne后的后的inform應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞，Jane與與inform是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用“be +過過去分詞去分詞”；由語境可知是一般過去時(shí)，主；由語境可知是一般過去時(shí)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故was informed。was informed Our school library, along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools. There 1 _(be) two computer rooms, three art rooms, a meeting room a

21、nd a reading room in the library building. The number of the books 2 _(be) large, and maybe there are 100,000 books in it. It is said that all the books cost our school 200,000 dollars. Maybe 200,000 dollars 3 _(be) large to every student. are is is 二、語篇填空二、語篇填空 In the era of knowledge explosion, th

22、e number of the students who 4 _ (have) a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day. Nowadays, our library has been developed into a multifunctional building. There are 50 computers in it. Many a student 5 _(like) to surf the Internet at weekends here, and now you can see that my classmates, Mik

23、e and John 6 _ (play) computer games there. have likes are playing When you turn to another room, you will find that a professor and writer 7 _ (deliver) a speech. Each boy and each girl 8 _(focus) on his interesting speech. Every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always 9 _(cheer) up.

24、You are entering our art exhibition. A teacher with his students is at the room. On the wall 10 _(be) 100 pictures, which attract many students. An expert and teacher is explaining something important to us. is delivering is focusing cheer/cheers are 本文主要介紹了學(xué)校圖書樓的功能室以及學(xué)生周本文主要介紹了學(xué)校圖書樓的功能室以及學(xué)生周末在里面的活動(dòng)

25、情況末在里面的活動(dòng)情況。1. are 因因there be句型中句型中be動(dòng)詞常與離其最近動(dòng)詞常與離其最近的主語保持一致。的主語保持一致。2. is 主語是主語是the number of+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。3. is 時(shí)間、金錢、距離，重量等的復(fù)數(shù)當(dāng)一個(gè)整時(shí)間、金錢、距離，重量等的復(fù)數(shù)當(dāng)一個(gè)整體來作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。體來作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。4. have 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞who，that，which等在定語從句等在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。保持一致。5.

26、likes 因因many a+名詞作主語時(shí)，盡管意義上是名詞作主語時(shí)，盡管意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，但因中心詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用單復(fù)數(shù)，但因中心詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。數(shù)形式。6. are playing 兩個(gè)名詞由兩個(gè)名詞由and連接作主語時(shí)連接作主語時(shí), 謂謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。7. is delivering 當(dāng)當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)名詞是指同一連接的兩個(gè)名詞是指同一人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式?！癮 professor and writer”意思是意思是“一個(gè)教授作家一個(gè)教授作家”。8. is focusing 用用and連接的單數(shù)主語，

27、前面有連接的單數(shù)主語，前面有each, every, no等修飾時(shí)等修飾時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。9. cheer/cheers 集體名詞集體名詞group, class, family, army, audience等作主語時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)集體，謂等作主語時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)集體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。用復(fù)數(shù)形式。10.are 在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語保持一致。其后的主語保持一致。 三、單句改錯(cuò)三、單句改錯(cuò) 1. Tom have been readi

28、ng that book all the morning so he is tired now.have has 主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，與主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，與all the morning連用，應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。連用，應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。2. As everybody knows, politics are now taught in all schools. are is 以以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如politics, physics, mathematics等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。詞用單數(shù)。3. Kate, one of my good frie

29、nds, come from Ge comes 主語主語Kate為第三人稱單數(shù)，為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用謂語為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用comes。4. As we all know, people speaks English all over the world.speaks speak 因因people作作“人，人們?nèi)耍藗儭敝v時(shí)，總是以單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，因講時(shí)，總是以單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，因而謂語動(dòng)詞用而謂語動(dòng)詞用speak。5. The teacher, together with his students, are planting trees on the street.ar

30、e is 當(dāng)主語后面有當(dāng)主語后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等介詞或短語介詞連接的名詞等介詞或短語介詞連接的名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要與最前面的主語保持一致。時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要與最前面的主語保持一致。因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z里，介詞短語是不能作主語的，因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z里，介詞短語是不能作主語的，作主語只能是名詞、代詞，或相當(dāng)于名詞作主語只能是名詞、代詞，或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或句子充當(dāng)。的短語或句子充當(dāng)。6. Not only the students but also the teacher wish f

31、or a holiday.wish wishes 在在not only but also , either or ，neither nor 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，等結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與動(dòng)詞離得最近謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與動(dòng)詞離得最近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。的那個(gè)主語保持一致。 7. It is the parents and their son that wants to buy the bicycle.wants want 此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語主語 the parents and their son，為復(fù)數(shù)。，為復(fù)數(shù)。8. Many a student have be

32、en sent to plant trees.have has 因因“many a +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動(dòng)作主語時(shí)，從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，以便與名詞的數(shù)一致。詞常用單數(shù)，以便與名詞的數(shù)一致。9. Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it.who was who were 因先行詞因先行詞 two men 是是復(fù)數(shù)，從句的主語復(fù)數(shù)，從句的主語who是代表先行詞的，也是代表先行詞的，也是復(fù)數(shù)，所以定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。是復(fù)數(shù)，所以定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。10. To read English aloud every morning do you a lot of good.do does 不定式、動(dòng)名詞，以及從句作主不定式、動(dòng)名詞，以及從句作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。