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2019牛津譯林高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)選習(xí)題：模塊6U4 一、閱讀理解。 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972.Now，after more than four decades of inactivity，interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again.But who will get there first? CHINA On 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探測車)on the Moon.It is now working on its next exploration mission.Named Change 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018.If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moons far side. RUSSIA Russia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030.It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)． INDIA Following the success of its Chandrayaan1 in 2008，India announced a followon mission.Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate with Russia.But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone.Chandrayaan2 is about to be sent up in 2018. USA In December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth.All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023.Should the mission prove a success，the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972. 1．What will China do in its next space mission? A．Improve its Jade Rabbit rover. B．Work with other countries. C．Land Change 4 on the Moon. D．Explore the south pole of the Moon. 2．Why did India try to carry out its followon mission alone? A．It couldnt find a partner. B．It didnt get the lander as planned. C．The Russians refused to work with India. D．It planned to launch Chandrayaan2 in advance. 3．Which country is interested in resources on the Moon? A．Russia.　　　　　　　　　B．China. C．India. D．USA. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了中國、俄羅斯、印度和美國的登月計(jì)劃。 【難句分析】It is currently working an a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)． 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)為whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞a project；該定語從句中含有that引導(dǎo)的表語從句。 譯文：當(dāng)前(俄羅斯)正啟動一項(xiàng)工程，其思路是登陸器將探索月球的南極，尋找礦物質(zhì)和水冰等資源以供人類前哨站使用。 1．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Named Change 4, the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018”可知，嫦娥四號將在2018年底降落在月球Aitken Basin地區(qū)。據(jù)此可知，中國的下一步空間計(jì)劃是嫦娥四號登月，故C項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第三段第二句“It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon”可知，探索月球南極是俄羅斯的計(jì)劃，而不是中國的計(jì)劃，故D項(xiàng)錯誤；A、B項(xiàng)文中沒有提及。 2．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段第三句“But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013, India decided to go it alone”可知，由于俄羅斯沒能給印度提供著陸器，故印度決定自己實(shí)施登月計(jì)劃，故B項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate with Russia”可知，印度Chandrayaan2任務(wù)計(jì)劃和俄羅斯合作完成，故A項(xiàng)錯誤；根據(jù)第四段第三句可知，俄羅斯沒能給印度提供著陸器，而不是拒絕合作，故C項(xiàng)錯誤；D項(xiàng)文中沒有提及。 3．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第二句“It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)”可知，當(dāng)前俄羅斯正啟動一項(xiàng)工程，其思路是登陸器將探索月球的南極，尋找礦物質(zhì)和水冰等資源以供人類前哨站使用。故A項(xiàng)正確。 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1.It is urgent that immediate measures _______ should be taken to stop the situation. A. are taken B. would be taken C. be taken D. should take 【答案】C 【解析】It is urgent that...(should) do...； “措施被采取”用被動語態(tài)。句意：很緊迫的是,應(yīng)立即采取措施阻止這一事態(tài)的發(fā)展. 2.If we do not receive payment by the end of this month, we will have no alternative but to take legal action. A. do nothing but to take B. have no alternative but take C. have no choice but to take D. have nothing to do but to take 【答案】B 【解析】have no alternative but to do=have no choice but to do sth.“ 除……外別無選擇” ，符合題意。句意：如果在本月底我們?nèi)晕词盏截浛?，我們別無選擇，只能采取法律行動。 3._______ the instant message servicer—WeChat, we can keep in touch with our friends for everyday munication. A. In need of B. By means of C. In place of D. On behalf of 【答案】B 【解析】by means of “借助于”，符合句意。in need of 需要；in place of 代替，取代；on behalf of 代表。句意：借助于即時消息服務(wù)商——微信，我們可以和朋友們保持聯(lián)系，進(jìn)行日常交流。 4.China has made a _______ to do all she can to help the tsunami-hit regions of Asia. A. devotion B. mitment C. allowance D. bination 【答案】B 【解析】make a mitment 作出承諾；devotion 忠心，獻(xiàn)身；allowance 津貼，補(bǔ)助；bination 聯(lián)合。句意：中國作出承諾竭盡全力幫助亞洲受海嘯襲擊的地區(qū)。 5.The _______ hills around remind the villagers of the importance of protecting the environment. A. blank B. bare C. vacant D. empty 【答案】B 【解析】blank 空白的；bare 赤裸的，光禿的；vacant 空著的，未被占用的；empty 空的；沒人居住的。 句意：周圍光禿的山提醒村民們保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。 6.Sam began to do his homework without numerous _______ or a major search through his crowded backpack. A. occasions B. reminders C. rules D. suggestions 【答案】B 【解析】occasion 時機(jī)，機(jī)會；reminder 暗示，提醒；rule 規(guī)則；suggestion 建議。句意：不需要多提醒，也不用在塞滿東西的背包找半天作業(yè)本，薩姆就開始做起了作業(yè)。 7.For a temporary or long storage of the product, please make _______ to the storage section indications. A. difference B. conclusion C. reference D. decision 【答案】B 【解析】make (a) reference to 參閱，談到。句意：對于產(chǎn)品的臨時儲存和長期儲存，請參閱儲存說明。 8.To improve spoken English, Lucy _______ at least one hour each day to recite English texts. A. sets off B. sets aside C. sets down D. sets out 【答案】B 【解析】sets off 送行；sets aside 留出；sets down 寫下；sets out 開始。句意：為了提高英語口語，露西每天留出一小時的時間來背誦英語課文。 9.With the night falling, the crowd gathering around the accident scene began to _______. A. break up B. break down C. break out D. break away 【答案】A 【解析】句意：隨著夜幕降臨，聚集在事故現(xiàn)場的人群開始散去。break up 散(會)，解散，(人群)散開，破碎；break down 出毛病，失靈，分解，感情失控；break out 爆發(fā)；break away 逃脫。 10._______ tell me your answer now. Give it some thought and then let me know. A. There used to B. That need not to C. There happened to D. There is no need to 【答案】A 【解析】There is no need to do 沒有必要做某事。句意：現(xiàn)在沒必要就給我答復(fù)。思考一下，然后告訴我。 11.Today acupuncture, the art of “magic needles”, has bee popular round the world, _______ have other traditional Chinese medicines. A. so B. as C. that D. which 【答案】B 【解析】as 表示像……一樣，引導(dǎo)定語從句。as 在從句中作主語，指代前面所說的內(nèi)容。句意：今天針灸已經(jīng)在世界上受到廣泛的歡迎，像其它中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)一樣。 12.Susan made _______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. A. that B. this C. it D. her 【答案】C 【解析】本句中的 it 是一個形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的賓語從句 that she wished to make a new life for herself.句意：蘇珊向我說清楚了她希望有自己的新生活。英語中能夠作為形式賓語的只有 it。故C 正確。 13.She would be much healthier now _______ with that much pressure from work when young. A. had she not burdened herself B. were she not burdened C. should she not burden herself D. were she not to be burdened 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù) when young 可知，從句是對過去事實(shí)的假設(shè)，由 now 可知主句是對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)，而在if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，如果從句中含有 had、were 或者 should，可以將 if 省略，然后將 had、were 或者 should 提前，構(gòu)成虛擬語氣句的倒裝。句意：如果不是她年輕時工作壓力過大，她現(xiàn)在就會更加健康了。 14.If you had listened to me, we _______ at the party. Move over. I’ll drive. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 【答案】C 【解析】句意：要是當(dāng)初你聽我的，那么我們現(xiàn)在就在聚會現(xiàn)場了。你挪過去，我來開車。if 從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而本空表示與現(xiàn)在的實(shí)際情況相反的假設(shè)，說話人此時還在路上，因此用與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。 15.—Thank God! The accident was avoided after all. —That was lucky, but ten inches nearer the two cars _______? A. was destroyed B. would be destroyed C. would have been destroyed D. had been destroyed 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù) The accident was avoided after all.可知兩輛車被毀了是不真實(shí)的，這里的 ten inches nearer 是遺憾的虛擬條件， 相當(dāng)于： If they had been ten inches nearer， 因?yàn)槭菍^去的事情的虛擬， 用 would have done。句意：“謝天謝地，事故畢竟被避免了?！薄澳鞘呛苄疫\(yùn)的，但是再近 10 英寸，兩輛車就被毀了?！? 16.—I didn’t see you at the concert last week. What a pity! —If only I _______ the time. A. afford B. afforded C. had afforded D. would afford 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“很遺憾！上周的音樂會上沒有看到你?！薄叭绻页榈贸鰰r間就好了?！睆牡谝痪湓捒闯龃鹪捳邲]有去聽音樂會，根據(jù)答語可知，此處是對過去情況的虛擬，因此選 C。 17.I could have finished my self-reflection last weekend, but the math classes and exercises _______ all my spare time. A. take up B. had taken up C. took up D. had been taking up 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我本可以在上周末就完成反思整理工作的，但數(shù)學(xué)課和練習(xí)占據(jù)了我所有的業(yè)余時間。從句為含蓄條件句，but 構(gòu)成并列句，以真實(shí)的情況表示隱含的虛擬條件。 18.Without the leadership of our Party and our Government, we _______ these splendid results. A. haven’t achieved B. wouldn’t have achieved C. shouldn’t achieve D. would not achieve 【答案】B 【解析】本題是一個使用 without 的含蓄虛擬語氣句，根據(jù)句意可知是對過去情況的虛擬，所以主句用would have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：如果沒有我們黨和政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，我們就不會取得這些輝煌的成就。 19.—What happened to the young trees we planted last week? —The trees _______ well, but I didn’t water them. A. might grow B. must have grown C. would have grown D. would grow 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù) but 后的分句可知空格處為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，補(bǔ)全原句為：If I had watered them, the trees would have grown well， but I didnt water them.句意： “我們上周種的小樹怎么了？” “ (如果我澆水的話)那些樹會長得很好，但是我沒澆水。 ” 20.The young man insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ free. A. did, set B. had done, should be set C. do, be set D. had done, must be set 【答案】B 【解析】insist 后面跟從句，如果從句中的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)存在，謂語動詞就不能用虛擬語氣，如果從句中的動作沒有發(fā)生，謂語動詞就用虛擬語氣。句意：那個年輕人堅(jiān)持說她沒有做錯什么事，并堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該獲得釋放。 21.Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, _______ themselves. A. expanding B. stretching C. prolonging D. extending 【答案】B 【解析】expand 擴(kuò)張，使膨脹，詳述；stretch 伸展，張開；stretch oneself 伸懶腰，伸展身體， prolong拖延，延長；extend 延伸，擴(kuò)大，伸出。句意：做完了上午的工作，職員們站在桌子后面伸懶腰。 22.Chinese laws say employees may not work more than 8 hours a day but permit work hours to be _______ in some cases, where employers must be sure the workers do not bee tired. A. expanded B. enlarged C. extended D. exploited 【答案】C 【解析】expand 擴(kuò)張；enlarge 擴(kuò)大，放大；extend 延長，伸展；exploit 開拓，剝削，開采。句意：中國法律規(guī)定員工每天工作時間可以不超過 8 小時，但是法律允許在某些情況下延長工作時間，在此類情況下雇主必須確保工人不會感到勞累。 三、完形填空。 Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade.She wasnt my __1__；she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡邏隊(duì))on which I __2__.I loved being around her and __3__ her sense of humor and kind personality.She was __4__ a good listener. At the end of the year，she __5__ that she was moving to Florida，and I was very sad.We exchanged __6__ and became pen pals.I could tell her __7__，and she treated me __8__ respect even though I was a teenager. In Florida，Mrs.Freeman became a Realtor(房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人), __9__ she managed to find time to write letters.She wrote __10__ stories and always took my concerns __11__.She had given me a(n) __12__ invitation to visit，and I missed her so much.When I __13__ to take her up on the __14__ ，she answered，“Get your shoes on and your bags __15__ ！You are wele anytime！” I spent three weeks with her in Miami.Her __16__ of poetry，music，and creative writing __17__ me to follow these endeavors(努力)．One day __18__ hanging sheets on the clothesline，she __19__ and said，“You know，the sky is fuel for the soul.”I had never looked at the __20__ before hearing those words.Two years later，I received a call that Mrs.Freeman had passed away. 1．A.mother　　　　　 　B．friend C．classmate D．teacher 2．A.served B．a(chǎn)dvised C．expected D．led 3．A.shared B．enjoyed C．imagined D．found 4．A.never B．just C．still D．a(chǎn)lso 5．A.knew B．a(chǎn)nnounced C．thought D．realized 6．A.addresses B．gifts C．views D．roles 7．A.many B．much C．everything D．something 8．A.in B．a(chǎn)s C．with D．to 9．A.so B．but C．or D．for 10．A.amusing B．different C．emotional D．ordinary 11．A.immediately B．carefully C．seriously D．privately 12．A.urgent B．lucky C．a(chǎn)mbiguous D．open 13．A.decided B．hesitated C．wrote D．hurried 14．A.offer B．promise C．excuse D．message 15．A.bought B．found C．filled D．packed 16．A.love B．dream C．sense D．feeling 17．A.persuaded B．encouraged C．forced D．a(chǎn)llowed 18．A.before B．once C．while D．a(chǎn)fter 19．A.looked over B．looked out C．looked up D．looked down 20．A.clouds B．flowers C．people D．houses 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者在中學(xué)期間和一名英語老師之間的故事。 【核心詞匯】adviser n．顧問　pen pal筆友　concern n．擔(dān)心的事，關(guān)切的事 1．D　根據(jù)上文中的“Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade”和空后的“she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡邏隊(duì))”可推知，Mildred Webinga Freeman不是作者的老師(teacher)，下文中的“and became pen pals”也是提示。 2．A　根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，作者當(dāng)時也在巡邏隊(duì)里。serve“為……工作”。 3．B　根據(jù)空前的“I loved being around her”可知，作者喜歡(enjoyed)老師的幽默感和善良的品質(zhì)。 4．D　根據(jù)上文中的“an English teacher”和“the adviser”可知，本句是對這位老師身份的補(bǔ)充說明。她也(also)是一個好的傾聽者。 5．B　根據(jù)語境可知，老師宣布(announced)了一個消息，她要搬到佛羅里達(dá)州了，作者感到很傷心。 6．A　根據(jù)上文中的“At the end of the year, she __5__ that she was moving to Florida”和空后的“and became pen pals”可推知，作者和老師互換了地址(addresses)，成了筆友。 7．C　根據(jù)上文中的“and became pen pals”與空后的“she treated me __8__ respect even though I was a teenager”可推知，作者與老師無話不談，這與上文作者樂于和老師相處的背景呼應(yīng)。故選C。 8．C　固定搭配：treat sb.with sth.意為“以某種態(tài)度/方式對待某人”，符合語境，故選C。 9．B　根據(jù)空后的“she managed to find time to write letters”可推知，上下文表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B。 10．A　根據(jù)上文中的“I loved being around her and __3__ her sense of humor and kind personality”可推知，老師很幽默，總是給作者講一些好笑的(amusing)故事。 11．C　take sb./sth.seriously為固定搭配，意為“認(rèn)真對待某人/某事”。老師認(rèn)真對待作者所關(guān)切的事情。 12．D　根據(jù)下文中的“You are wele anytime”可推知，老師歡迎作者隨時來訪，an open invitation為習(xí)語，意為“隨時可以來訪的邀請”，符合語境，故選D。urgent“急迫的”；ambiguous“模棱兩可的”。 13．C　根據(jù)上文中的“We exchanged __6__ and became pen pals”可推知，作者寫信(wrote)告訴老師，他接受她的提議(offer)。 14．A　參見上題解析。offer“提供，提議”。 15．D　因?yàn)樽髡咭タ赐蠋?，因此老師建議作者收拾行李(packed)，隨時歡迎作者的到來。 16．A　老師對詩歌、音樂和文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的熱愛(love)激勵(encouraged)著作者去努力。 17．B　參見上題解析。 18．C　一天，當(dāng)老師正在把床單掛在曬衣繩上的時候，她抬頭看(looked up)到了天空而有所感悟。while“當(dāng)……時”。 19．C　參見上題解析。 20．A　根據(jù)上文中的“You know, the sky is fuel for the soul”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，當(dāng)時老師看了天空，此處指的應(yīng)是天上的云(clouds)。 四、七選五。 How to run international meetings As more of us do business across cultures，its best to prepare ahead of time before heading to the meeting table.Here are four rules for different countries. Stick to the schedule Where：Germany，Austria，Japan Weve all been to meetings that have a loose agenda，if any at all.They dont start on time and they seem to repeat. 1 Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting. 2 Meetings that run long in Germany are often taken to mean that the parties are not municating efficiently. 3 Where：China，Malaysia，Singapore Debating a topic can go against the traditional Chinese concept of“saving face”，which means avoiding any mistakes or actions that could bring embarrassment.Laughing at even an obviously amusing answer or pointing out a potential mistake can spoil the entire meeting. Enjoy the interruptions Where：Italy，F(xiàn)rance，Spain When Pascal Soboll meets with clients in Italy or Spain，hes no longer offended if they leave early or arrive late.Rather than attend the entire threehour meeting，he has learned that his colleagues there—and in some parts of France—attend based on their own timetable. 4 Rather than expect people to sit through his entire presentation，he makes it easier for them to turn up as needed. Please，no small talk Where：Finland，Sweden In places like Finland and Sweden，where nonmeeting related discussions like chat about the weather can be regarded as a way to be off a formallyset agenda and as a waste of other peoples time. In some countries，including Finland，there are long pauses in the conversation. 5 These breaks are used as a way to process what the other person is saying without interrupting. A．Not so in these countries. B．Germans and Austrians are similar. C．Dont even think about a brainstorm. D．Theres often no way to tell how things are going. E．Dont try to fill them，though，with small talk or anything else. F．What do the long silences，idle chitchat and serious faces really mean in context? G．For Soboll，that means changing his own Germanbased expectations of client behaviour. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在不同國家如何成功地召開會議。 1．A　[空處前兩句介紹了常見的會議情況：時間安排松散，開會不準(zhǔn)時，總是重復(fù)；結(jié)合空后的“Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting.”可知，日本人注意會議的細(xì)節(jié)，并在數(shù)天前就做好準(zhǔn)備。據(jù)此可以判斷，空處承上啟下，說明并非所有的國家在開會時都會出現(xiàn)上述的情況：時間安排松散，開會不準(zhǔn)時，總是重復(fù)。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 2．B　[根據(jù)該部分中的“where：Germany，Austria，Japan”可知，該部分主要介紹德國、奧地利和日本的開會習(xí)慣；空前一句已經(jīng)介紹了日本的情況，結(jié)合空后一句“Meetings that run long in Germany are often... efficiently.”可知，空處及下一句介紹德國和奧地利的開會習(xí)慣，故B項(xiàng)正確。] 3．C　[根據(jù)空處位置可知，空處為該部分標(biāo)題，是該部分的主旨；通讀該部分可知，該部分第一句介紹了在中國開會應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)真討論，以防發(fā)生尷尬，第二句介紹在開會時不要嘲笑有趣的答案或指出潛在的錯誤；據(jù)此可知，該部分主要介紹要嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真地討論會議議題，就事論事，不需要在開會前有什么“頭腦風(fēng)暴”，故C項(xiàng)正確。] 4．G　[根據(jù)上文中的“When Pascal Soboll...”和“Rather than... attend based on their own timetable.”以及空后一句可知，意大利人、法國人和西班牙人開會很隨意，G項(xiàng)中的“Soboll”與該處相對應(yīng)，故G項(xiàng)正確。] 5．E　[根據(jù)該部分標(biāo)題“Please，no small talk”和空前的“there are long pauses in the conversation”可知，選E項(xiàng)，E項(xiàng)中的“them”與“l(fā)ong pauses”對應(yīng)。]