《高中生物 第8章 細(xì)胞的分化、凋亡和衰老 8.2 細(xì)胞的凋亡 8.3 細(xì)胞的衰老課件 北師大版必修1》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高中生物 第8章 細(xì)胞的分化、凋亡和衰老 8.2 細(xì)胞的凋亡 8.3 細(xì)胞的衰老課件 北師大版必修1（25頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第2節(jié)細(xì)胞的凋亡第3節(jié)細(xì)胞的衰老MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TO

2、UXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1.簡述細(xì)胞凋亡與細(xì)胞壞死的區(qū)別。2.描述細(xì)胞衰老的特征。3.探討細(xì)胞的衰老和凋亡與人體健康的關(guān)系。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航D

3、IANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN

4、JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三一、細(xì)胞的凋亡1.概念:細(xì)胞在一定階段,由特定基因控制程序引起正常的自然死亡,又稱細(xì)胞編程性死亡或生理性死亡。2.特點(diǎn):主要發(fā)生在胚胎發(fā)育過程中,是細(xì)胞主動發(fā)生的,需要消耗能量,是最基本的生命現(xiàn)象,是機(jī)體正常發(fā)育的基礎(chǔ)。3.意義(1)細(xì)胞凋亡與細(xì)胞增殖是相反的過程,二者協(xié)調(diào)一致,保證了生物體的正常發(fā)育和器官的形態(tài)建成。(2)在成年個(gè)體中,細(xì)胞凋亡能維持正常組織中細(xì)胞數(shù)目的相對平衡,從而維持組織的穩(wěn)態(tài)。(3)細(xì)胞凋亡是機(jī)體的自我保護(hù)機(jī)制。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練

5、ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAOD

6、AOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三二、細(xì)胞壞死1.概念:由強(qiáng)烈的外界因素如缺氧、缺血以及物理、化學(xué)損傷和生物侵襲等造成的細(xì)胞損傷和急速死亡。2.特點(diǎn):是意外的、被動性的死亡,故又稱病理性死亡。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZH

7、ONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三三、細(xì)胞的衰

8、老1.細(xì)胞衰老的表現(xiàn)(1)在形態(tài)上,由于細(xì)胞內(nèi)水分減少,細(xì)胞萎縮,體積縮小。(2)在結(jié)構(gòu)上,細(xì)胞核體積增大,染色體固縮;溶酶體數(shù)目增加和體積增大,內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)排列無序。(3)在功能上,由于線粒體數(shù)目減少,呼吸速度減慢;一些酶的活性降低,蛋白質(zhì)合成速度降低;細(xì)胞內(nèi)色素隨著細(xì)胞的衰老而逐漸積累,阻礙了細(xì)胞內(nèi)物質(zhì)的交流和信息的傳遞,影響細(xì)胞的正常生理功能的完成。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITA

9、NGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHU

10、LI知識梳理一二三2.細(xì)胞衰老的原因(1)染色體端粒復(fù)制學(xué)說:細(xì)胞衰老與染色體的端粒有關(guān)。端粒是位于染色體末端的特化結(jié)構(gòu),由端粒DNA和端粒蛋白質(zhì)構(gòu)成,端粒長度隨細(xì)胞衰老過程而逐漸縮短,當(dāng)端粒不能再縮短時(shí),細(xì)胞就會衰老、死亡。(2)遺傳程序?qū)W說:細(xì)胞的衰老是受基因控制的,線粒體DNA是決定衰老的生物鐘。(3)自由基學(xué)說:生物體的新陳代謝過程離不開氧,在生物氧化過程中,會產(chǎn)生自由基,多余的自由基會損傷線粒體,進(jìn)而改變細(xì)胞的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,引起細(xì)胞的衰老和死亡。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦Z

11、HISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOU

12、XI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三3.延緩細(xì)胞衰老的措施(1)延緩衰老、健康長壽的關(guān)鍵是健康的生活方式。(2)許多因素如陽光輻射、吸煙、酗酒、食物中的毒素等,會導(dǎo)致基因突變和細(xì)胞衰老,也應(yīng)該避免。(3)保持積極、樂觀的心理狀態(tài),放松的生活和適當(dāng)?shù)腻憻?對于增進(jìn)健康、提高生活品質(zhì)也是大有裨益的。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANL

13、I TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJI

14、AO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理121.理解個(gè)體衰老與細(xì)胞衰老的關(guān)系及細(xì)胞衰老的特征(1)個(gè)體衰老與細(xì)胞衰老的關(guān)系對于單細(xì)胞生物體,細(xì)胞的衰老或死亡就是個(gè)體的衰老或死亡。對于多細(xì)胞生物體來說,細(xì)胞的衰老和死亡與個(gè)體的衰老和死亡并不是一回事。多細(xì)胞生物體內(nèi)的細(xì)胞總是在不斷更新著,總有一部分細(xì)胞處于衰老或走向死亡狀態(tài)。從總體上看,個(gè)體衰老的過程是組成個(gè)體的細(xì)胞普遍衰老的過程。(2)細(xì)胞衰老的特征“一大”:細(xì)胞核變大,染色體固縮,染色加深。“一小”:細(xì)胞內(nèi)水分減少,體積變小?！耙欢唷?細(xì)胞內(nèi)色素逐漸積累、增多?！叭汀?膜的物質(zhì)運(yùn)輸功能降低,多種酶的活性降低,代謝速率降低。MUBIAOD

15、AOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂

16、演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理122.細(xì)胞凋亡、衰老、癌變與壞死的區(qū)別MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦Z

17、HISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理12MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI T

18、OUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重

19、難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二【例1】 下面為動物機(jī)體的細(xì)胞凋亡及清除示意圖。據(jù)圖分析不正確的是()A.過程表明細(xì)胞凋亡是特異性的,體現(xiàn)了生物膜的信息傳遞功能B.細(xì)胞凋亡過程中有新蛋白質(zhì)合成,體現(xiàn)了基因的選擇性表達(dá)C.過程中凋亡細(xì)胞被吞噬,表明細(xì)胞凋亡是細(xì)胞被動死亡過程D.凋亡相關(guān)基因是機(jī)體固有的,在動物生長發(fā)育過程中發(fā)揮重要作用題型三MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SU

20、ITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI

21、SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二解析由基因所決定的細(xì)胞自動結(jié)束生命的過程,叫細(xì)胞凋亡。過程是凋亡誘導(dǎo)因子與膜受體發(fā)生特異性結(jié)合,表明細(xì)胞凋亡具有特異性,體現(xiàn)了生物膜的信息傳遞功能;細(xì)胞凋亡過程中有新蛋白質(zhì)合成,體現(xiàn)了基因的選擇性表達(dá);過程中凋亡細(xì)胞被吞噬,是細(xì)胞主動死亡的過程,因此C項(xiàng)不正確;凋亡相關(guān)基因在機(jī)體中本來就存在,是固有的,在動物生長發(fā)育過程中的不同時(shí)期表達(dá),從而發(fā)揮重要作用。答案C題型三MUBIAODAOHANG目

22、標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONG

23、NAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二題型三【例2】 下列關(guān)于細(xì)胞凋亡與細(xì)胞壞死的說法,正確的是 ()A.細(xì)胞凋亡是由細(xì)胞內(nèi)的遺傳物質(zhì)控制的B.細(xì)胞壞死是細(xì)胞凋亡的同義詞C.細(xì)胞壞死受到嚴(yán)格的由遺傳機(jī)制決定的程序性控制D.細(xì)胞的自然更新、被病原體感染的細(xì)胞的清除是通過細(xì)胞壞死來完成的MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHON

24、GNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHA

25、NG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二題型三解析細(xì)胞凋亡是由基因決定的細(xì)胞自動結(jié)束生命的過程,受到嚴(yán)格的由遺傳機(jī)制決定的程序性調(diào)控;在成熟生物體內(nèi),細(xì)胞的自然更新、被病原體感染的細(xì)胞的清除,是通過細(xì)胞凋亡實(shí)現(xiàn)的;細(xì)胞壞死是在種種不利因素影響下,由于細(xì)胞的正常代謝活動受損或中斷引起的細(xì)胞損傷和死亡,并不是由基因決定的細(xì)胞自動結(jié)束生命的過程。答案AMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIA

26、O重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIAN

27、LI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二題型三MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHO

28、NGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二題型三【例3】 下列關(guān)于細(xì)胞衰老的說法,不正確的是()A.生物體內(nèi)絕大多數(shù)細(xì)胞都要經(jīng)過未分化、分化、衰老和死亡這幾個(gè)階段B.細(xì)胞衰老和凋亡是正常的生命現(xiàn)象C.細(xì)胞壞死和衰老是正常的

29、生命現(xiàn)象D.衰老的細(xì)胞細(xì)胞膜皺縮、流動性下降,運(yùn)輸功能減弱解析衰老是自然界生物不可抗拒的自然規(guī)律,即衰老是不可逆的生命過程,細(xì)胞和生物體都是如此。細(xì)胞壞死是不正常的生命現(xiàn)象。答案CMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITA

30、NGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1胚胎發(fā)育過程中,對器官發(fā)育和形態(tài)建成進(jìn)行“雕鑿”的過程離不開()A.細(xì)胞增殖B.細(xì)胞凋亡C.細(xì)胞衰老D.細(xì)胞壞死解析:“雕鑿”

31、的實(shí)質(zhì)是通過細(xì)胞凋亡,清除一些多余的細(xì)胞,有利于發(fā)育器官被“雕鑿”成形,故B項(xiàng)符合題意。答案:BMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHU

32、LI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2下列關(guān)于細(xì)胞凋亡的敘述,錯(cuò)誤的是()A.細(xì)胞凋亡是由基因控制的細(xì)胞死亡B.細(xì)胞凋亡是機(jī)體的自我保護(hù)機(jī)制C.細(xì)胞凋亡時(shí),局部有炎癥反應(yīng)D.細(xì)胞凋亡在生物個(gè)體發(fā)育過程中起著重要作用解析細(xì)胞凋亡是由基因控制的細(xì)胞死亡

33、,不會出現(xiàn)局部有炎癥的現(xiàn)象。答案CMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI T

34、OUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3老年人有老年斑,對此最合理的解釋是()A.細(xì)胞內(nèi)水分減少,細(xì)胞萎縮B.細(xì)胞核體積增大,染色體固縮、染色加深C.細(xì)胞中酪氨酸酶活性降低D.細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂褐素占有的面積增大解析細(xì)胞內(nèi)的色素(脂褐素)會隨著細(xì)胞的衰老而積累,從而表現(xiàn)出老年斑。答案DMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航D

35、IANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN

36、JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4香煙中含有大量的有毒物質(zhì),如尼古丁等,會造成吸煙者肺部細(xì)胞死亡。這種細(xì)胞死亡過程屬于細(xì)胞的()A.生理性死亡 B.病理性死亡C.正常死亡D.編程性死亡解析香煙中的有毒物質(zhì)造成的肺部細(xì)胞壞死,是化學(xué)損傷造成的,即屬于病理性死亡。答案BMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHON

37、GNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHA

38、NG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5細(xì)胞凋亡與細(xì)胞壞死是兩個(gè)不同的過程,如下圖所示。下列有關(guān)敘述不正確的是()A.細(xì)胞凋亡是基因控制的,對生物的個(gè)體生長發(fā)育和機(jī)體穩(wěn)態(tài)的維持具有重要作用B.細(xì)胞壞死指細(xì)胞因細(xì)胞膜被破壞,胞漿外溢而死亡C.吞噬細(xì)胞吞噬凋亡小體與溶酶體有關(guān)D.在成人體內(nèi),被病原體感染的細(xì)胞的清除是通過細(xì)胞壞死實(shí)現(xiàn)的MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JV

39、JIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航D

40、IANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 解析細(xì)胞凋亡是基因控制的,對生物的個(gè)體生長發(fā)育和機(jī)體穩(wěn)態(tài)的維持具有重要作用,故A項(xiàng)正確。由圖可知細(xì)胞壞死是指細(xì)胞因細(xì)胞膜被破壞,胞漿外溢而死亡,故B項(xiàng)正確。吞噬細(xì)胞吞噬凋亡小體后由溶酶體對其進(jìn)行分解,故C項(xiàng)正確。成人體內(nèi),被病原體感染的細(xì)胞的清除是通過細(xì)胞凋亡實(shí)現(xiàn)的,故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。答案DMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHI

41、SHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI

42、典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6細(xì)胞凋亡的大致過程如圖所示。相關(guān)敘述不正確的是 ()A.細(xì)胞凋亡過程與基因的選擇性表達(dá)有關(guān)B.細(xì)胞凋亡是由于致癌因子激活了相關(guān)基因C.吞噬細(xì)胞吞噬凋亡小體與溶酶體有關(guān)D.凋亡細(xì)胞中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)與細(xì)胞凋亡有關(guān)的酶解析細(xì)胞凋亡是凋亡基因表達(dá)的結(jié)果;吞噬細(xì)胞吞噬凋亡小體后,由溶酶體釋放水解酶,使其裂解。答案BMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI

43、 SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透

44、析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7細(xì)胞內(nèi)的IAPs是一種控制細(xì)胞凋亡的物質(zhì),其與細(xì)胞凋亡酶結(jié)合可抑制細(xì)胞凋亡。RING結(jié)構(gòu)是IAPs的核心,去掉該結(jié)構(gòu),則能有效地促進(jìn)細(xì)胞的凋亡。下列說法不正確的是()A.細(xì)胞凋亡是由基因決定的細(xì)胞編程性死亡B.RING結(jié)構(gòu)的合成不受基因的控制C.衰老細(xì)胞和被病原體感染的細(xì)胞的清除,也是通過細(xì)胞凋亡完成的D.去掉癌細(xì)胞中IAPs的RING區(qū)域,可有效促進(jìn)癌細(xì)胞凋亡解析細(xì)胞凋亡是由基因控制的程序性死亡,衰老細(xì)胞和被病原體感染的細(xì)胞的清除也可以通過細(xì)胞凋亡來實(shí)

45、現(xiàn),如植物細(xì)胞被病毒感染之后,可通過使感染部位外圍的細(xì)胞凋亡來阻止病毒擴(kuò)散而最終清除病變細(xì)胞;RING結(jié)構(gòu)的合成一定是由基因控制的。答案BMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN

46、 JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8下圖為人體某個(gè)細(xì)胞所經(jīng)歷的生長發(fā)育各個(gè)階段示意圖,圖中為各個(gè)時(shí)期的細(xì)胞,ac表示細(xì)胞所進(jìn)行的生理過程。據(jù)圖分析,下列敘述不正確的是()A.與相比,的表面積/體積比值增大,與外界環(huán)境進(jìn)行物質(zhì)交換的能力也增強(qiáng)B.與細(xì)胞內(nèi)的核基因相同,但基因表達(dá)情況不相同C.細(xì)胞的衰老和死亡不一定會導(dǎo)致人體的衰老和死亡D.人在胚胎發(fā)育后期尾的消失是通過尾部細(xì)胞凋亡而實(shí)現(xiàn)的答案A