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題型七　任務(wù)型閱讀 貴陽(yáng)五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢(shì) 任務(wù)型閱讀是根據(jù)任務(wù)型教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)而成的一種介于閱讀理解與書(shū)面表達(dá)之間的題型。它要求學(xué)生在閱讀文章后能對(duì)文章中的某些細(xì)節(jié)做到準(zhǔn)確把握或?qū)φ恼逻M(jìn)行提煉概括，是一種讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合的題型。這種題型既考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力，也考查學(xué)生的分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的能力，還考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言將有關(guān)內(nèi)容以文字形式正確地表達(dá)出來(lái)的能力。 題號(hào) 題型 內(nèi)容 題數(shù) 小題 分值 分值 小計(jì) 賦分 Ⅶ 任務(wù)型 閱讀 A.補(bǔ)全句子型閱讀。(要求學(xué)生閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成文后的句子。) 5 2 10 20 B.填寫(xiě)表格型閱讀。(要求學(xué)生閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格。) 5 2 10 　　貴陽(yáng)中考任務(wù)型閱讀有兩種類(lèi)型：補(bǔ)全句子型和填寫(xiě)表格型。 A篇近五年都為說(shuō)明文，話題涉及青少年問(wèn)題類(lèi)(毒品)；歷史文化類(lèi)(絲綢之路)；嘻哈音樂(lè)；名人類(lèi)(莎士比亞)。 B篇近五年說(shuō)明文和記敘文交叉出現(xiàn)。話題涉及文化類(lèi)(語(yǔ)言的變化)；哲理及勵(lì)志故事類(lèi)；社會(huì)關(guān)懷類(lèi)(艾滋理解項(xiàng)目)；名人類(lèi)(達(dá)爾文)。 解題方法與技巧 A．補(bǔ)全句子型閱讀 補(bǔ)全句子型閱讀一般給出一篇難度適中的閱讀材料，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)短文提供的信息，以填寫(xiě)詞語(yǔ)的方式完成文后各題，所填寫(xiě)的詞或詞組具有很高的概括性和準(zhǔn)確性。因此，學(xué)生必須認(rèn)真閱讀材料，盡可能從短文中找到相關(guān)語(yǔ)句，在尊重原文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)分析句子中所填空的成分，然后用其同義詞或詞組表達(dá)完成句子。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，從文中直接找到答案的很少，多數(shù)情況下，學(xué)生需要提煉概括出所填空的內(nèi)容，甚至變化句式來(lái)完成句子。這就要求學(xué)生在平時(shí)的閱讀中，學(xué)會(huì)積累詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的多種表達(dá)方式。訓(xùn)練并提升自己的根據(jù)短文大意概括每段甚至全文的核心內(nèi)容的能力，從而為準(zhǔn)確解答此類(lèi)題型做好準(zhǔn)備。具體的解題方法與技巧如下： 1．快速定位圈點(diǎn) 首先，快速瀏覽文后的5個(gè)句子，了解所缺詞語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)并預(yù)測(cè)所填內(nèi)容；然后返回文中閱讀，找到這5個(gè)句子所處的段落和位置；最后結(jié)合每個(gè)句子的含義，仔細(xì)研讀該段落的內(nèi)容，找出所填句子與原句之間的不同，圈出不同點(diǎn)。 2．巧妙運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)換 對(duì)于那些不能在原文中直接選定的答案，我們必須認(rèn)真閱讀材料，分析所要填寫(xiě)的詞語(yǔ)，并用其同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或短語(yǔ)等填空。一般情況下，所填答案都是原文的改寫(xiě)，所以必須尊重原文的意思，不能脫離原文胡亂填空。在平時(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中，學(xué)生須掌握設(shè)空規(guī)律，了解常用詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，提高答題準(zhǔn)確率。 3．注意答題細(xì)節(jié) 學(xué)生在填寫(xiě)句子時(shí)，除了明確所填內(nèi)容外，還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)正確拼寫(xiě)單詞；(2)注意首字母的大小寫(xiě)、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用等；(3)語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練、準(zhǔn)確。另外，書(shū)寫(xiě)工整在答題的過(guò)程中也十分重要。 B．填寫(xiě)表格型閱讀 填寫(xiě)表格型閱讀通常是先給出一段閱讀材料，根據(jù)材料所給的信息填寫(xiě)表格、補(bǔ)全句子或短文中空缺的信息。此類(lèi)題目通常難度不大，大部分信息都可以直接在原材料中找到。因此，學(xué)生要先通讀材料，注意所填信息在原材料中的出處，就不難完成任務(wù)。但也有個(gè)別信息不可能直接在原材料中找得到，需要根據(jù)某些細(xì)節(jié)、線索或關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行推理、歸納才能完成任務(wù)。填寫(xiě)時(shí)重在達(dá)意，并不一定要用短文中的原詞。對(duì)于這種閱讀題，關(guān)鍵在于分析圖表中已存在的信息點(diǎn)，然后根據(jù)已給出的信息點(diǎn)尋找相對(duì)應(yīng)的信息。具體的解題方法與技巧如下： 1．閱讀短文，領(lǐng)略大意，把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、層次，弄清局部和整體的關(guān)系，提取有用信息。 2．識(shí)讀圖表，把握?qǐng)D表的結(jié)構(gòu)、層次，弄清每空的考查點(diǎn)，是細(xì)節(jié)題還是主旨大意題。 3．把握空格處的考查點(diǎn)，檢索信息并答題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題回到原文相關(guān)處一般能直接找到答案，主旨大意題(概括標(biāo)題等)要在理解文章大意、把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行分析、概括，從而提煉出重要信息或文章主旨。 (xx貴陽(yáng)初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試) A．閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成文后的句子。 Drug(毒品) use in Britain has increased by 30% in the last five years.Use of hard drugs，for example，cocaine(可卡因) and crack cocaine，is increasing as a result of these drugs being cheaper and easier to buy. Young people in Britain are more likely than other Europeans to take illegal(非法的) drugs.UK teenagers are taking up to five times more illegal drugs，for example，ecstasy tablets(搖頭丸) and cannabis(大麻制品)，than in other European countries.The most mon drug for UK teenagers is cannabis.Over 35% of 15 to 16yearolds say they have tried it.Harder drugs such as crack cocaine are less mon.As many as one in twelve 12yearolds have taken drugs. British law puts drugs into three groups，from the most dangerous Class A drugs to the least addictive(使人上癮的) Class C drugs： Class A：hard drugs，for example，crack cocaine； Class B：for example，ecstasy tablets； Class C：“soft” drugs，for example，cannabis，which are also addictive and dangerous. In the UK there are possibly 500，000 Class A drug users.As a result，the UK spends ￡390 million a year on treatment centers to fight drug use.Treatment centers spend more than ￡3，000 to help every drug user.But only 3，800 drug users a year successfully go through the drug treatment. Teenagers gave the following reasons in order of importance； to copy their friends and to look cool； so as to have a good time and to feel good； in order to see what it is like and to experience something new； so as to be like adults，but to be different from their parents； because the drugs are cheap and easy to buy； because they have nothing better to do with their time. 1．One reason for people taking more hard drugs in the UK is that ______ are being lower. 2．The UK teenagers take much more drugs than teenagers in any other ______． 3．Under British law，from Class A drugs to Class C drugs，all of them are ______． 4．The UK government works hard on the drug treatment.But only a small number of ______ in the UK can get out of the drug addiction every year. 5．As for how to stop themselves from taking drugs，the UK teenagers should ______． 【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了英國(guó)青少年吸毒的現(xiàn)狀、原因及英國(guó)采取的措施。 1．the prices　【解析】題干意為：英國(guó)人吸烈性毒品的其中一個(gè)原因是 ______變得更低了。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“…these drugs being cheaper…”可知此處應(yīng)填the prices。 2．European country　【解析】題干意為：英國(guó)青少年比其他任何 ______ 的青少年要吸更多的毒品。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Young people in Britain are more likely than other Europeans to take illegal drugs.”，可知此處應(yīng)填 European country. 3．dangerous and addictive　【解析】題干意為：英國(guó)法律中，從A等級(jí)到C等級(jí)的毒品都是______。根據(jù)第三段“British law puts drugs into three groups，from the most dangerous Class A to the least addictive Class C drugs.”可知此處應(yīng)填dangerous and addictive 。 4．drug users　【解析】題干意為：英國(guó)政府在毒品治療方面很努力。但在英國(guó)每年只有少數(shù)的________能擺脫毒癮。根據(jù)第七段最后一句“But only 3，800 drug users a year successfully get through the drug treatment.”可知此處應(yīng)填drug users。 5．learn more about the dangers of drugs　【解析】題干意為：對(duì)于如何預(yù)防自身吸毒，英國(guó)青少年應(yīng)該______。此題為主觀題，文中未直接提及到英國(guó)青少年應(yīng)該如何做，所以言之有理即可。 B．閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格。 English is always changing.The English that people used 500 years ago is very different from the English we use now.Even in the last fifty years，English has changed.New words are entering our language all the time.The words Internet，email and mobile phone are only twenty years old.The word website is even younger.We only started using it fifteen years ago.But what causes languages to change？And is language change a positive or a negative thing? There are many reasons that languages change.One reason is that technology changes.We use new words for new types of technology.Thirty years ago，we only used the word mouse in English to describe an animal.Today，the word mouse also means the object you use to control a puter.Another important reason for language change is munication between different countries and cultures.For instance，English uses words like sugar from Arabic，shampoo from Hindi and yoghurt from Turkish.Languages also change because young people create their own way of talking that is different from their parents.Teenagers often use new slang—informal words and phrases—to talk to their friends.Some slang gets forgotten，but other slang words bee part of normal，everyday language.Words like bus and rock music started as slang，but now they are in the dictionary and everyone uses them. But is language change a good thing or a bad thing？Some people think that we should stop languages from changing.They think that they need to protect their language or it will die or bee worse.In France，there is an organization called LAcademic Francaise that decides what is correct and what is incorrect in French. They look at the new words that people are using and decide whether they are good French or not.There are also organizations like this in other countries，such as Indonesia and Spain.However，other people believe that language change is a natural thing and shouldnt be stopped.They think that it is normal that languages change over time.They think that languages need to change to stay modern and interesting. Title：Language Change Changes of English ★English 1.______ in the past 500 years. New words are entering our language all the time，such as email and website. Three reasons for language change ★Technology changes. The word“mouse”also means“鼠標(biāo)” in Chinese today. ★People from different countries and cultures 2.______．Words like sugar，shampoo，and yoghurt are from different countries. ★Young people create their own way of talking. Some slang words 3.______ while other slang bees part of everyday language. 4.______ on language change ★Some think language change 5.______．If not，their language will bee worse or die. ★Some think language change is normal and natural.It can make languages stay modern and interesting. 【主旨大意】本文主要介紹了英語(yǔ)發(fā)生的變化，語(yǔ)言產(chǎn)生變化的原因及人們對(duì)此的看法。 1．has changed　【解析】題干意為：英語(yǔ)______在過(guò)去的五百年。根據(jù)第一段前三句“English is always changing.The English that people used 500 years ago is very different from the English we use now.Even in the last fifty years，English has changed.”可知此處應(yīng)填has changed。 2．municate differently　【解析】題干意為：來(lái)自于不同國(guó)家和文化的人們______。根據(jù)第二段第六句“Another important reason for language change is munication between different countries and cultures.”可知此處應(yīng)填municate differently。 3．get forgotten　【解析】題干意為：一些俚語(yǔ) ______ 然而另一些俚語(yǔ)成了人們?nèi)粘ＵZ(yǔ)言的一部分。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Some slang gets forgotten，but other slang words bee part of normal，everyday language.”可知此處應(yīng)填get forgotten。 4．Two different opinions　【解析】題干意為：______關(guān)于語(yǔ)言變化。此題為概括題，根據(jù)表格右側(cè)內(nèi)容“Some think language change…；Some think language change…”可知此處是人們對(duì)于語(yǔ)言變化的兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)，故填Two different opinions。 5．should be prevented　【解析】題干意為：一些人認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言變化________。否則他們的語(yǔ)言將會(huì)變得更糟甚至消失。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Some people think that we should stop languages from changing.”可知此處應(yīng)填 should be prevented。 A．閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成文后的句子。 Putonghua(Mandarin Chinese) is the language of the Han people，but most of the other ethnic groups also have their own languages or dialects.That can make munication difficult when they speak to each other without using the mon language，Putonghua.However，people from different places can understand the same written characters. Mandarin Chinese is the most monly used language.It is taught in all schools and it is the medium of the government.And today people across China are encouraged to use Putonghua in offices and public places. Spoken Chinese is a tonal language，with four tones in addition to individual sounds.For instance，the word “Ma” can mean “mother，” “bother，” “horse，” or “scold，” depending on how it is said.To help the learning of Chinese，a Romanization system called Pinyin has replaced other earlier Romanized spellings(the capital of China is spelled Beijing instead of the earlier spelling of “Peking”)．It was devised in 1958 and has been taken as a standard form to represent Chinese sounds. The Chinese writing system is pictographic(象形文字的)．This means that a “picture” represents an idea or a word.Therefore，the Chinese writing system isnt the same as that of most western languages.The words for these languages are represented by letters，while Chinese words are represented by characters.Some Chinese characters were developed as simple pictures from nature，such as animals，birds，mountains，and rivers.Although the style writing has changed and gradually been transformed over at least 5，000 years into the characters used today，Chinese is the only major writing system of the world that has continued its pictographbased system without interruption(中斷) and still uses it.Many students of Chinese are first attracted to the language because of the writing system，which is surely one of the most fascinating scripts in the world. 1．Putonghua is the mon language used by __Han__people__and ethnic groups for munication. 2．Mandarin Chinese is widely used in schools，offices and public places __across__China__． 3．To help the learning of Chinese，Pinyin has__taken__the__place__　of other earlier Romanized spellings. 4．The Chinese writing system __is__different__from__ that of most western languages. 5．The best title of this passage is “__The__Introduction__of__Mandarin__Chinese__．” B．閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格。 Do you feel cool and calm？If your answer is no，youre not alone.In todays society，many people find it difficult to slow down.Fastpaced lifestyles make it hard for many people to really relax.The good news is that you neednt escape to a nice place to relax.You can experience these in the middle of a stressfilled life. Better thinking The ability of relaxation depends more on your thinking than your situation.The next time when you suffer from worry， think about the situation.What is the problem？What is the cause？Most importantly，what can you do about it？Then，make an “action plan” or a “todo list” to help you feel less worried.However，if the situation is not in your hands，you should let it go.Take a walk，exercise and talk to a friend to get your mind off the problem. A habit of relaxing Even the busiest people arrange short periods of relaxation into their timetable.They do so because they know its necessary.The time you spend relaxing is an important period.A 10minute break in the middle of a long workday can increase your productivity(生產(chǎn)力)．You can find an activity，such as exercise，a hot bath or a favorite TV show，to make you e to life.A few restful hours of doing something you really enjoy may help you to face a busy week. Restful sleep Unfortunately，not being able to relax causes some people to lose their most important rest：sleep.If thats you，write everything in your diary before going to bed.Write down not only problems but also possible solutions.This can help you release thoughts that might prevent you from getting needed sleep. Finally，recognize your disadvantages.You cant do everything perfectly，but you can get the rest and relaxation you need to do many things better. Title：Ways to 1.__Feel__Relaxed__ Better thinking When you suffer from worry，think about the situation. 2.__Making__an__“action__plan”__ or a “todo list” can help you feel less worried. A habit of relaxing A few restful hours may help you to face a busy week，even the busiest people know 3.__its__necessary__ to arrange short periods of relaxation into their timetable. Restful sleep Before going to bed，write down both 4.__problems__and__possible__solutions__ in you diary.This can help you get needed sleep. You can 5.__do__many__things__better__ by getting the rest and relaxation you need though you cant do everything perfectly. 2019備考猜押 A When you sleep somewhere else, like at a summer camp or a friends house, you know youre there for a fun time. But for some kids, when they are away from home they feel sad. They start to miss their own beds, their own parents, and all the things at home. Its called being homesick. Do you want to feel less homesick? The following can help you. Spend more time in doing fun things. The more fun things you do, the less time youll feel homesick. So try to take part in activities and soon you might start to have a good time. You can make a plan to call your mum or dad. For a night visit, maybe you can call once that night, and again in the morning. In the camp, you might set a regular day and time for a phone call home. You can also send emails or short messages to keep in touch(保持聯(lián)系) with family and friends. If youre going to be away for a while, you might even write a letter! When you get in touch with someone, make sure to tell them about the fun things youre doing! Sometimes, just tell someone that youre feeling homesick. This will help you feel better. Maybe you can tell a friend that you feel homesick. And the two of you can do something fun, such as telling jokes. If youre at camp, a camp counselor(顧問(wèn)) would be a good person to talk to. He or she might have some ideas to help you feel better. Title：How to Deal with Homesickness When to feel homesick When you are 1.__away__from__home__，you might feel homesick. 2.__(Some)__ways__ to help you feel less homesick Find 3.__fun__things__．Try to take part in a lot of activities. Make a plan to call your parents. Send emails or 4.__short__messages__ to your family and friends. Write a letter if you are away for a while. You will feel better if you 5.__talk__to/tell__someone__，such as a friend or a camp counselor. B The Yellow River is known as the mother river by all the Chinese people，the 5，464kilometer(about 3，395 miles)Yellow River is the second longest river in China after the Yangtze River.The headwaters of this mighty river lie in Kunlun Mountains in northwestern Qinghai Province.It runs through nine provinces and autonomous regions on its way to the Bohai Sea.It is not exaggerating to say that Yellow River is a melting pot，because there are more than 30 branches and countless streams feeding it through its course.The vigorous upper reaches of the Yellow River starts in Qinghai Province to Hekouzhen in Inner Mongolia.This magnificent river flows quietly，like a mild and gentle mother in this section，watering the farmlands and feeding the people.Its middle reaches ends at Taohuayu in Zhengzhou City，Henan Province.Here the Yellow River splits the Loess Plateau(黃土高坡) in half，forming the longest continuous gorge in the whole drainage(排水) area of the river.The Yellow Rivers lower reaches ends in a delta on the Bohai Sea. It is agreed upon by almost all the Chinese people that the Yellow River is the beginning of Chinese civilization，the spiritual home of the Chinese people.It is the water of the Yellow River and its spirit that nurture(養(yǎng)育) the whole Chinese nation.For thousands of years，the Yellow River has been admired by literary giants，artists，as well as by the mon people.The Yellow River is not just several letters，nor is it just the name of a yellowochrecolored river.It bears special significance，the symbol of the Chinese nation，the spirit of the Chinese people and more importantly，civilization itself. 1．The Yellow River is regarded as __the__mother__river__ by all the Chinese people. 2．The Yellow River runs through __nine__provinces__and__autonomous__regions__ on its way to the Bohai Sea. 3．The section from Qinghai to Hekouzhen is like a gentle mother because it flows quietly，__waters__the__farmlands__and__feeds__the__people__． 4．We consider the Yellow River as not only the origin of Chinese culture but also __the__spiritual__home__of__the__Chinese__people__． 5．According to the passage，__the__water__ of the Yellow River and its spirit nurture the whole Chinese nation.