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1、 個(gè)人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 封 面 個(gè)人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途

2、 作者： Pan Hongliang 僅供個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí) 語法專題六 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人的語氣和情緒， 本身詞義不全， 不能單獨(dú)作謂語， 后面必須與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過去式。 考點(diǎn)一 can 與 could 1．表示能力，但 could 主要指過去的能力。表示“過去有能力成功做成某事”時(shí)通常 用 was/

3、were able to 。 個(gè)人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 The little boy can speak two foreign languages. Could the girl read before she went to school? Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out. 2．表示可能（理論上或是邏輯判斷上，并不涉及此事真的發(fā)生） ，常譯為“往往會(huì)，有時(shí)候可能會(huì)”，常用于肯定句中。 Accidents can happen on rainy days. 3．表示請(qǐng)求

4、和允許。在問句中 could 語氣比 can 要委婉。 You can go back home now. 4．表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。 How can you be so careless? 5．表示推測，常用于否定句和疑問句中，語氣較強(qiáng)。 He can't be in the classroom ；the light is not on. 6． cannot/never...too/enough... 表示“再 也不為過”。 You can never be too careful when driv

5、ing a car. 7． cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.  表示 “不得不，只好做某事”。 You cannot choose but go with me. 考點(diǎn)二 shall 1．用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示命令、許諾、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅、決心等；此外，頒布法律、規(guī)定時(shí)也用 shall 。 The new law shall come into effect next month. 2．用于第一

6、、三人稱的疑問句中，表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ街甘尽? Shall the man standing outside have a try? 考點(diǎn)三 must 1．表示主觀上的“必須，應(yīng)該”，其否定形式 mustn't 表示禁止。對(duì)比： have to 表示客觀上的“不得不”，可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 You must listen carefully in class.Students mustn't play with mobile phones in class. I had lost my key ， so I had to wait outdoors.

7、 2．表示“非要，偏要”做某事，表達(dá)出說話者的一種不滿情緒。 Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping? 3．表示對(duì)具體事情的推測，意為“一定，肯定”，語氣較強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。 He must come from America. 考點(diǎn)四 should 1．表示義務(wù)，常譯為“應(yīng)該”，用于各種人稱。 Parents should take care of their babies. 2．表示預(yù)測可能性，譯為“可能， （按道理）應(yīng)該”，多指對(duì)未來合乎理想的情況或結(jié) 果的

8、一種期盼。 It's nearly 8 o'clock.He should be here at the moment. 3．表示驚訝、意外等，常譯為“竟然，居然”。 I am surprised that you should speak ill of me. 4．用在 if 條件句中，表示可能性很小的一種虛擬語氣，常譯為“如果”。 If I should see him  ， I would tell him the news. 考點(diǎn)五 will 與 would 1．表示意愿，用于各種人稱的陳述句中。 would If y

9、ou will read the book ， I'll give it to you.  常指過去的意愿。 2．表示請(qǐng)求，用于疑問句。  would  語氣較委婉。 Will you close the window? 3．表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常譯為“總是，慣于”。 would 的動(dòng)作或某種傾向，后面接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，不能接表示狀態(tài)的詞。對(duì)比：  可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生 used to 表示過 去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不存在。 個(gè)人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 He would

10、sit in the park which used to be a factory reading for hours. 考點(diǎn)六 may 與 might 1．表示請(qǐng)求、允許、許可， might 比 may 語氣委婉。 You may use my bike. 2．表示推測， 常用于陳述句中， 語氣比較弱， 把握性不大。 might 語氣比 may 還要弱。 He may go out. 3． may as well ＋動(dòng)詞原形，意為“最好，倒不如 ”。 You may as well do it at once. 4． may well

11、 ＋動(dòng)詞原形，意為“完全能，很可能”。 Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize at first sight. 5． may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。 May you return in safety. 考點(diǎn)七 need 與 dare 1．二者都可以作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面要接動(dòng)詞原形，通常用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。用作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其變化和一般的動(dòng)詞相同，有人稱和數(shù) 的變化，構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時(shí)要借助于助動(dòng)詞 do，does，did 。dar

12、e 用作行為動(dòng)詞，用于 否定句和疑問句時(shí)，常省略后面的 to 。 You needn't hurry ； he needs to dress up. The little didn't dare （ to ） go out at night alone. 2．need 作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若主語為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。 The house needs repairing. ＝ The house needs to be repaired. 3． I dare say 為習(xí)慣說法，意為“我想，大概”。 I dare s

13、ay she dare not speak to her father in this manner. 考點(diǎn)八 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測 1． can， may， must 皆可用來表示推測。 1）在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能性。 在含義上“ must”語氣最肯定， 太肯定的可能性，而 can 表示理論上的可能性。  “may”表示不 2）在否定句中只能用“ can not ”和“ may not ”。“can't ”（不可能） 語氣比“ may not ” （可能不、也許不）更強(qiáng)。 3）在疑問句中只能用“ can”，不能用“ may”和“

14、must”。 Accidents can happen on such snowy days.Look ， there is an accident must have happened just now.But it can't have been Mike  some blood on the road ； ， for I saw him in the school. 2． should 與 ought to 可以表示對(duì)未來情況的一種期盼，常譯為“按理應(yīng)當(dāng)”。 He should/ought to be here on time 

15、 — he started early. 考點(diǎn)九 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋ have done 1． could have done 的疑問或否定形式表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定，其 中 couldn't have done 多用于語氣強(qiáng)烈的否定， 意為“過去不可能做過”。 could have done 在肯定句中表示“本來能做但卻沒做”。 The accident could have been avoided ；the driver couldn't have slowed down. 2． may/might have done 表示對(duì)過去行

16、為的推測，意為“可能做過”。 might 所表示 的可能性比較弱，此外 might have done 還可表示“本可能做而實(shí)際上未做”，含有輕微 的責(zé)備語氣。 You might have given him more help ， though you were busy with your work. 3．must have done 表示對(duì)過去行為的推測， 意為“一定， 想必做過”， 語氣十分肯定。 It must have rained yesterday ， as the ground is wet. 4． should/ought to hav

17、e done 用于肯定句時(shí)，表示本該做某事，而實(shí)際上未做；用 于否定句時(shí)，則表示不該做某事反而做了。 You oughtn't to have been late for the meeting  ， as it was very important. 5． needn't have done 表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了。 個(gè)人收集整理  勿做商業(yè)用途 I actually needn't have bought so much food  — only three people came. 6

18、． had better have done 用于事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的口吻，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某事”。 I had better have started earlier. 1．（2012·課標(biāo)全國高考） I ______use a clock to wake me up because at each morning the train comes by my house. A． couldn't B ． mustn't C ． shouldn't D ． needn't 2．（2012·全國高考Ⅱ） I'm going to Europe on

19、vacation together with John if I  six  o'clock ______ find the money. A． can B ．might 3．（2012·北京高考）  C ． would We______ the  D ． need difficulty together  ， but  why didn't  you tell me? A． should face B ． might face C． could ha

20、ve faced D ． must have faced 4．（2012·天津高考） It's quite warm here ； we ______ turn the heating on yet. A． couldn't B ． mustn't C ． needn't D ． wouldn't 5．（2012·上海高考） The new law states that people ______ drive after drinking alcohol. A． wouldn't B ． needn't C ． won't D ． mustn't 6．（2

21、012·重慶高考）— ______ you interrupt now？ Can't you see I'm on the phone? — Sorry Sir ，but it's urgent. A． Can B ．Should C ． Must D ． Would 7．（2012·江蘇高考） Days later ， my brother called to say he was all right ， but ______ say where he was. A． mustn't B ． shouldn't C ． wouldn't D ． migh

22、tn't 8．（2012·江蘇高考）— Happy birthday! — Thank you ！ It's the best present I ______for. A． should have wished B ．must have wished C． may have wished D ． could have wished 9．（2012·江西高考） We ______ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.

23、 A． may not B ． needn't C． can't D ．mustn't 10．（2012·遼寧高考） One of our rules is that every student ______ wear school uniform while at school. A． might B ． could C ．shall D ． will 11．（2012·陜西高考） I ______ thank you too much for all your help to my son whi

24、le we were away from home. A． won't B ． can't C ．can D ． will 12．（2012·四川高考） I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese ， and I said “Ni Hao ，” just as I______do in China. A． must B ． might C ． can D ． should 13．（2011·全國高考Ⅱ） If you ______ smoke

25、 ， please go outside. A． can B ．should C ． must D ． may 14．（2011·北京高考）— I don't really like James.Why did you invite him? — Don't worry.He ______ come.He said he wasn't certain what his plans were. A． must not B ． need not C． would not D ． might not 15．（2011·北京高考） I __

26、____ worry about my weekend — I always have my plans ready before it comes. A． can't  B  ． mustn't  C  ． daren't  D  ．needn't 個(gè)人收集整理  勿做商業(yè)用途 16．（2011·江蘇高考）— I left my handbag on the train ， but luckily it to a railway official. — How un

27、believable to get it back ！ I mean ， someone ______ it. A． will have stolen B ．might have stolen C． should have stolen D ．must have stolen  someone gave 17．（2011·福建高考）— Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? — I am afraid you ______， in case he comes late for

28、the meeting. A． will B． must C ． may D ．can 18．（2011·浙江高考）— How's your new babysitter? — We ______ ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much. A． should B ． might C ．mustn't D ． couldn't 19．（2011·四川高考） The police still haven't found the lost  child  ，

29、 but  they're doing all they ______. A． can B ．may C ． must D ．should 20．（2011·重慶高考）— Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night? — I wanted to ， but my mom simply ______ not let me out so late at night. A． could B ． might C ．would D ． should 21．（2011·陜西高考）— Will

30、you read me a story ， Mummy? — OK.You ______ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A． might B ． must C ． could D ． shall 22．（2011·湖南高考）— No one ______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. — Oh，you are really his big fan. A． can B ．need C ． must D ．might

31、 23．（2011·遼寧高考） If you ______ go ， at least wait until the storm is over. A． can B ．may C ． must D ．will 24．（2011·江西高考） It ______ be the postman at the door.It's only six o'clock. A． mustn't B． can't C ． won't D ． needn't 25．（2013·河北普通高中教學(xué)質(zhì)監(jiān)） For those who ___

32、___ go to college ， there are still hundreds of high-paying jobs that only require a high school diploma. A． can't B ． mustn't C ． shan't D ． needn't 26．（2013·山西第二次四校聯(lián)考）— Mum，I could hardly keep my eyes open. — But you ______ be so sleepy— you didn't get up until 9 this morning.

33、 A． mustn't B ． shouldn't C． wouldn't D ． needn't 27．（2013·北京東城區(qū)示范校綜合練習(xí)一） My cousin ______ be really shy at times even though he is cheerful in general. A． shall B ． should C ．can D ． must 28．（2013·云南昆明摸底）— Mum， could I play outside with my friends? — If you

34、finish your homework ， you______do it. A． shall B ． should C ．will D ． would 個(gè)人收集整理  勿做商業(yè)用途 參考答案 1 ．D A項(xiàng)意為“不能夠，不可以”； B 項(xiàng)意為“禁止，絕對(duì)不可”； C 項(xiàng)意為“不應(yīng) 該”； D 項(xiàng)意為“不必，不需要”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選 D 項(xiàng)，句意：我沒有必要使用鬧鐘把 我叫醒，因?yàn)槊刻煸绯苛c(diǎn)鐘火車都要從我的房子旁邊經(jīng)過。 2． A can“能夠”； might “可能”； would “愿意”； need

35、 “需要”。句意：如果 我能找到那筆錢，我打算和約翰一起去歐洲度假。故選 A 項(xiàng)。 3．C 句意：我們本可以一起面對(duì)困難的， 但是你為什么不告訴我？ could have done sth “本可以做某事”； should do sth “應(yīng)該做某事”； might do sth “可能做某事”， must have done sth “一定做了某事”，表推測。根據(jù)句意可知選 C項(xiàng)。 4． C 句意：這里現(xiàn)在很暖和，我們還沒有必要打開供暖設(shè)備。 couldn't “不能”； mustn't “禁止，不許”； needn't “不必”； wouldn

36、't “不愿，不想”。 5．D 句意：這項(xiàng)新法律說， 人們在喝酒之后禁止開車。 故此處用 mustn't 表示“禁止”。 6． C 由第一句可知說話者正忙著，不滿意對(duì)方的打攪， must 表示與說話者主觀愿望 相反或表示一種不耐煩的情緒， 常譯成 “偏要，偏偏”。 can 表示可能性； should 表示“應(yīng) 該”； would 表示“將要，要”，都不符合題意。句意：——你現(xiàn)在偏要打攪我，難道你沒 看見我正在打電話嗎？——對(duì)不起，先生。但是有急事。故選 C項(xiàng)。 7．C mustn't 意為“禁止，絕對(duì)不可”； shouldn't 意為“不應(yīng)該”； wou

37、ldn't 意為 “不愿意，不想”； mightn't 意為“可能不，也許不”。句意：幾天后，我弟弟打電話說 他很好，但是就是不說他在哪里。 8． D should have done 意為“本應(yīng)該做”； must have done 意為“一定做過”； may have done 判斷應(yīng)選 9．B  意為“可能做過”； could have done 意為“本能夠做，本可以做”。根據(jù)句意 D項(xiàng)，表示“這是我能夠希望得到的最好的禮物”。 句意：既然蘇西不與我們一起吃晚飯， 我們原本不必買那么多食物。 needn't have

38、 done 表示原本不必要做某事，但事實(shí)上已經(jīng)做了。 10． C 句意：我們有一項(xiàng)規(guī)定，每位學(xué)生在校期間都要穿校服。此處  shall  表示按照 法律、條文、規(guī)定必須要做的事情。其他選擇項(xiàng)均無此用法。 11．B 句意：在我們不在家期間， 你對(duì)我兒子的幫助我感激不盡。 can not 或 can never 與 too much 連用表示“再 也不過分”。故選 B 項(xiàng)。 12． B might 表示可能性。句意：我走近了，聽見他們在說漢語。然后我就以在中國 可能的打招呼方式說了聲“你好”。 must“必須， 偏要”， can“

39、能夠， 可能”， should “應(yīng) 該”，均不符合句意。 13． C 此處 must 表示“偏偏，非要”。句意：如果你非要吸煙，請(qǐng)到外面去。 14． D 句意：——我真不喜歡詹姆斯，你為什么邀請(qǐng)他？——不要擔(dān)心，他有可能不 來，他說過他對(duì)他的計(jì)劃不確定。 might “可能”，可能性較小。由句意可知，選 D 項(xiàng)。 15．D 句意：我不必?fù)?dān)心我的周末， 我總是在周末到來之前做好計(jì)劃。 can't “不能”； mustn't “禁止，不許”； daren't “不敢”； needn't “不必”。 16． B 根據(jù)語境可知，手提包失而復(fù)得。這里是猜測

40、，但并不確定，意為“這個(gè)手提 包可能會(huì)被偷”。 might 的可能性小。 17． B will “愿意，要”，用來表示一個(gè)人的意愿； must “必須，一定”，用來表 示必要性； may “可以”； can “能夠，會(huì)”。由空前的 I'm afraid 可知，此處應(yīng)側(cè)重必 要性。句意：——我現(xiàn)在通知他日程表的變動(dòng)嗎？——恐怕你必須通知他， 以免他開會(huì)遲到。 故選 B項(xiàng)。 18． D 句意：——你們的新保姆怎么樣？——我們不可能再請(qǐng)到更好的了。我們的孩 子非常喜歡她。“ We couldn't ask for a better one. ”中 could

41、n't 與 better 連用表示 “不可能更好”。如 I couldn't agree more. 表示“我非常同意”。故選 D項(xiàng)。 19． A 句意：警察仍然沒有找到那個(gè)失蹤的孩子，但他們在盡他們所能去尋找他。 can“能”， 與句意相符。 do all they can “做所有他們能做的”。 本句完整結(jié)構(gòu)為： they're doing all they can do to look for him 。 20． C  句意：——昨天晚上你為什么不去參加西蒙的晚會(huì)？——我想去，但我媽媽不 讓我晚上那么晚出去。根據(jù)句意可知此處考

42、查一種語氣，表示“不會(huì)”用 not “不能”； might not “可能不”； should not “不應(yīng)該”。故選  wouldn't C 項(xiàng)。  。could 個(gè)人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 21． D shall 用于二、三人稱肯定句中，表示說話人的允諾、威脅、命令、警告等語氣。此處表示允諾，意為：如果你盡快上床睡覺我就給你讀一個(gè)故事。 22．A can 表示能力，意為 “能夠，會(huì)”。句意：——在打籃球方面沒有人能夠跟姚 明相比。——哦，你真是他的超級(jí)粉絲。故選 A 項(xiàng)。 23．C can “能，可以”； may “可能，可以”；

43、 must“必須，一定”； will “愿意， 要，會(huì)”。 If you must（ do sth. ）“（表示雖不贊同但可允許） 如果你一定要 （那么做） ”， 是固定句型。句意：如果你一定要去，至少也要等到暴風(fēng)雨停了。故選 C 項(xiàng)。 24． B 根據(jù)題中“ It's only six o'clock. ”可知，時(shí)間太早，不可能是郵遞員來敲 門，所以答案為 B 項(xiàng) can't ，表示針對(duì)現(xiàn)在的非常有把握的否定推測。 25． A 句意：對(duì)于那些不能上大學(xué)的人來說，仍然有數(shù)以百計(jì)的只需高中文憑的高薪 工作。 can't “不能”。 26． B 從后面

44、的 you didn't get up until 9 this morning 可知，這里的意思“你不 應(yīng)該這么困”，故選 B 項(xiàng)。 27． C 句意：我堂兄有時(shí)候會(huì)非常害羞，盡管他通常非常歡快。  can  表示特定情況下 的可能性。 28． A 答語句意：如果你做完了作業(yè)，你就可以出去跟朋友玩。此處表示允諾，且主語為第二人稱，故只有 A 項(xiàng)正確。 個(gè)人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 版權(quán)申明 本文部分內(nèi)容，包括文字、圖片、以及設(shè)計(jì)等在網(wǎng)上搜集整理。 版權(quán)為潘宏亮個(gè)人所有 This

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