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1、 Lu Junyan(盧君艷）盧君艷）Second afflicated hospital of WenZhou medical collegel Parkinsons Disease is a slowly progressive disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, muscle control and balance. Although the exact cause of Parkinsons Disease is unknown, research has concentrated on genet

2、ics, environmental toxins, endogenous toxins and viral infection. New wordslgenetics n.遺傳學(xué)gene n.基因genic adj. gen(o)- 生殖，性genome n.基因組New wordslendogenous adj. 內(nèi)生的，內(nèi)源的lend(o)- 內(nèi) ednocrine n. a. 內(nèi)分泌（的）l-genous 產(chǎn)生，發(fā)生，被產(chǎn)生lexogenous a.外源性，外生的lexo-外，在外exocrine n. a.外分泌(的)；外分泌腺(的)l Parkinsons Disease is a

3、 slowly progressive disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, muscle control and balance. Although the exact cause of Parkinsons Disease is unknown, research has concentrated on genetics, environmental toxins, endogenous toxins and viral infection. 帕金森病是一種影響運(yùn)動(dòng)，肌肉控制，平衡的慢性進(jìn)行性中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)

4、疾病。雖然確切的病因尚不清楚，但研究已集中在遺傳學(xué)，環(huán)境毒素，內(nèi)源性毒素和病毒感染。lIn Parkinsons, cells are destroyed in part of the brain stem - the substantia nigra, which sends out fibers to the corpus stratia, gray and white bands of tissue in both sides of the brain. lCells there release dopamine, one of three major neurotransmitters

5、 (chemical messengers) which help the body respond to stress. lBy the time symptoms develop, patients have lost 80 to 90 percent of their dopamine-producing cells. New wordslsubstantia n. 拉 質(zhì)，物質(zhì)substance 物質(zhì)lnigra n. 黑質(zhì)lcorpus n. 體lcorpus stratia 紋狀體New wordsldopamine n. 多巴胺dopa n. 多巴dopa-lneurotrans

6、mitter n. 神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)lIn Parkinsons, cells are destroyed in part of the brain stem - the substantia nigra, which sends out fibers to the corpus stratia, gray and white bands of tissue in both sides of the brain. 在帕金森病中，腦干中的黑質(zhì)遭到損害，正常情況下，它發(fā)出纖維到紋狀體，兩側(cè)大腦的灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)。 lCells there release dopamine, one of three major

7、 neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) which help the body respond to stress. lBy the time symptoms develop, patients have lost 80 to 90 percent of their dopamine-producing cells. 黑質(zhì)細(xì)胞釋放多巴胺，它是幫助人體應(yīng)對壓力的三大主要神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)（化學(xué)信使）之一。到出現(xiàn)癥狀的時(shí)候，患者往往已經(jīng)失去80-90%產(chǎn)生多巴胺的細(xì)胞。lSymptoms include tremors, slowed movement and p

8、ostural instability. Other features include rigidity, flexed posture, freezing phenomenon and loss of postural reflexes. Patients can experience depression, sleep disturbances, dizziness and problems with speech, swallowing and sexual functioning. New wordsltremor n. 震顫lpostural a.姿勢的，體位的lrigidity n

9、.勁度,強(qiáng)直,僵硬,剛性,剛度,硬度,嚴(yán)密性,穩(wěn)定性 ldepression n.阻抑，壓抑，壓低，凹，窩，衰退，抑郁（癥）lswallow n. v. 吞咽lSymptoms include tremors, slowed movement and postural instability. lOther features include rigidity, flexed posture, freezing phenomenon and loss of postural reflexes. lPatients can experience depression, sleep disturba

10、nces, dizziness and problems with speech, swallowing and sexual functioning. 癥狀包括震顫，行動(dòng)緩慢，姿勢不穩(wěn)。其他特征包括僵硬，屈曲姿勢，無法動(dòng)作（凍結(jié)現(xiàn)象），姿勢反射喪失。患者還會經(jīng)歷抑郁，睡眠障礙，頭暈，吞咽障礙，性功能問題。lSince medications and other conditions can cause Parkinsons-like neurologic symptoms, diagnosis is critical and misdiagnosis is frequent. Medical

11、 science lacks an accurate blood or imaging diagnostic test for Parkinsons, though tests can exclude other conditions. Diagnosis is based on an evaluation of symptoms best accomplished by a Parkinsons specialist. neurologic a. neur(o)-神經(jīng)neurology neurologistl因?yàn)樗幬锘蛘咂渌绊懸部梢砸痤愃婆两鹕纳窠?jīng)癥狀，所以診斷往往困難，誤診經(jīng)常發(fā)生

12、。l雖然一些檢查能排除其他疾病，但醫(yī)學(xué)缺乏帕金森的準(zhǔn)確的血液學(xué)或者影像學(xué)診斷依據(jù)。l診斷以帕金森病專科醫(yī)生對癥狀的評估為基礎(chǔ)。lThe progression of the disease varies from individual to individual, so treatment is also individualized. lTreatment focuses on relieving disabilities while minimizing side effects of medications. lWhile there is no cure, therapies can

13、minimize symptoms and maximize function and quality of life. l因?yàn)樵摬〉倪M(jìn)展因人而異，所以治療也要個(gè)體化。l治療目標(biāo)考慮在最小的藥物副作用下，改善功能障礙。l目前尚無根治方法，僅僅可以最大程度的減輕癥狀及改善功能和生活質(zhì)量。lThe usual treatment is a combination of levodopa and carbidopa (Sinemet). lLevodopa, which treats neurochemical abnormality, revolutionized treatment. lHowe

14、ver, over the years, its effectiveness can decline and its side effects, such as motor complications, can increase. lAdjusted dosage can help but additional medications may be required.l Because of levodopas complexities, young people with Parkinsons often start with other treatments, reserving levo

15、dopa for later in the disease. lPatients have other treatment options, including surgery. lTranscranial magnetic stimulation is also being studied. New words llevodopa n.左旋多巴lcarbidopa n. 卡比多巴lSinemet n. 心寧美（帕金寧） 卡比多巴與左旋多巴的復(fù)方制劑，混合比例為1:4或1:10.lrevolutionized a.革命化的，被徹底改革的ltranscranial a.經(jīng)顱的lThe usual

16、 treatment is a combination of levodopa and carbidopa (Sinemet). lLevodopa, which treats neurochemical abnormality, revolutionized treatment. lHowever, over the years, its effectiveness can decline and its side effects, such as motor complications, can increase. lAdjusted dosage can help but additio

17、nal medications may be required. 常用藥物是左旋多巴和卡比多巴的復(fù)方制劑（帕金寧）。左旋多巴糾正神經(jīng)化學(xué)的紊亂，是一種徹底的治療。但是，多年以后，它的療效減輕，而它的副作用增多了，比如運(yùn)動(dòng)過多癥。調(diào)整劑量能起到作用，但往往需要增加別的藥物。lBecause of levodopas complexities, young people with Parkinsons often start with other treatments, reserving levodopa for later in the disease. lPatients have othe

18、r treatment options, including surgery. lTranscranial magnetic stimulation is also being studied. 由于左旋多巴的復(fù)雜性，年輕的帕金森病患者開始往往選用其他的治療方法，而保留左旋多巴在疾病的后期使用。患者也有其他治療方法可以選擇，包括手術(shù)。經(jīng)顱磁刺激也正在研究中。lParkinsons can impair quality and length of life, so its diagnosis and symptoms can devastate an individual and family,

19、 and patients often face depression. lHowever, excellent physical therapies, and educational and support resources are available. lResearch is steadily improving quality of life and symptom control. l帕金森病可以損害患者的生命質(zhì)量和長度，所以它的確診和癥狀能毀了患者和家庭，患者通常面對抑郁癥。l但是，好的物理治療，教育和支持治療是有效的。l各種研究正穩(wěn)步地提高患者的生活質(zhì)量和控制癥狀。Dialog

20、 between doctor and patientlD：doctorlP：patientlD:對不起，讓你久等了。l 請坐下。l 我能幫你什么忙嗎？l 您覺得怎么不舒服？l 您今天到診所來有什么不好？l 你好，我是某某醫(yī)生。l 你有什么不舒服嗎？D:Sorry to have kept you waiting.Please sit down./please take a seat.May I help you.What is troubling you?What brings you to the clinic today?Hello,I am Dr. li.What seems to b

21、e your trouble?lP：我的手不停地抖，不能寫字。lD：什么時(shí)候會抖？lP：不活動(dòng)時(shí)，安靜時(shí)，精神緊張時(shí)出現(xiàn)，睡眠時(shí)消失。lD：還有其他癥狀嗎？lP：不能扣鈕扣，系鞋帶困難，四肢僵硬，行走不穩(wěn)，行動(dòng)緩慢。D: my hands kept shaking,and I find it very difficult to write.D:when did it happened?P:when I kept quiet,no activities,tension,it happens,and dissapeared during sleeping.D:any other symptoms?

22、P: I cant fasten buttons,tie shoes by myself,and I feel rigidity,walk instability,move slowly.lD：你這樣有多久了？lP：三個(gè)月lD：你睡得好嗎？lP：不好lD：你心情好嗎？lP：經(jīng)常覺得沮喪D: for how long?/how long have you had it?/how long has this bothered you?P: three months.D: do you sleep well?P:no, I dont(get enough sleep).D:how about you

23、r mood?/are you in the mood?P:Im always in a bad mood. Im tired of life. lP:我這病嚴(yán)重嗎，醫(yī)生？lP：治得好嗎？lP：我這病是什么原因引起的？lD：你這病原因不是很明確，很多原因都可以引起的，比如：遺傳因素，環(huán)境毒素，內(nèi)源性毒素，病毒感染等。lD：你需要長期治療。D: is it serious?/is the condition serious?P:can it be cured?/is there anything you can do about it?P:what could be the cause?D:th

24、e exact cause is unknown,there are many cause,such as genetics, environmental toxins, endogenous toxins and viral infection. D:a long theraputic procedure is needed.lD：別擔(dān)心，會控制的。l 我給你開些藥。lP：謝謝醫(yī)生D:dont worry,it will be controled. Ill give you some medications(pills,a lotion,an injection).P:thank you,thats a relief. thank you,Ill follow your advice. all right, Ill remember that.prefix / postfixlgen(o)-lend(o)-lexo-ldopa-l-genous