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1、專題七三大從句專題七三大從句一、名詞性從句.名詞性從句的種類種類作用熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞，一般置于謂語(yǔ)之前，也可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在主句之后_he will come or not doesnt matter much._comes here will be welcome.It is certain_he will come.表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞，位于系動(dòng)詞之后It looks_it is going to snow.Whether Whoever that as if 種類作用熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞He

2、 asked me _ team could win the game.同位語(yǔ)從句放在名詞(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 之后，表明其具體內(nèi)容You have no idea _worried we are.The fact _he lied again greatly surprised us.which how that . 名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)連詞that引導(dǎo)連詞whether/if連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, w

3、hichever, whomever等連接副詞where, when, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等主語(yǔ)從句不能省略that，不作成分，沒(méi)有詞義用whether，不用if。不作成分，“是否”之意what, whatever, which, whichever用來(lái)指物，who, whom, whoever, whomever用來(lái)指人。連接代詞在名詞性從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)等連接副詞在名詞性從句中作狀語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句可以省略that，不作成分，沒(méi)有詞義whether和if可以互換，不作成分，“是否”之意表語(yǔ)從句不能省略that，不作成分，沒(méi)有詞義

4、用whether，不用if，不作成分，“是否”之意同位語(yǔ)從句不能省略that，不作成分，沒(méi)有詞義用whether，不用if，不作成分，“是否”之意熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背_ I want to know is _ youll return from the United States. _will attend the competition hasnt been decided and it is announced that _ will win will be given a weeks tour to Europe.Whatwhen/how/whetherWhowhoever. 名詞性從句中常

5、考連詞的多義性連詞從句的類型特點(diǎn)熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背that名詞性從句that不作成分，沒(méi)有詞義_is a rule that he gets up at six every morning.定語(yǔ)從句that作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，指代先行詞You must do everything _ I do.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的標(biāo)志，it is.that.去掉后，句子仍然完整It is you _ are wrong.It that that 連詞從句的類型特點(diǎn)熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背whatever名詞性從句whatever表泛指，意為“無(wú)論什么”，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)以及定語(yǔ)I shall accept _ yo

6、u buy for me._you do，you must go all out to do it well.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句此時(shí)，可以和no matter what互換whatever Whatever 連詞從句的類型特點(diǎn)熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背what名詞性從句中，what相當(dāng)于疑問(wèn)性質(zhì)的連接代詞“什么，什么樣的”之意。表特指I am not sure _he is up to.名詞性從句中，what相當(dāng)于關(guān)系代詞性質(zhì)的連接代詞此時(shí)，what相當(dāng)于the things that或all that，“所的，所的事情”_we do must agree with what we have said.wha

7、t What 二、定語(yǔ)從句.定語(yǔ)從句在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。它的作用：一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分熱射訓(xùn)練先練后背備注關(guān)系代詞whom人賓語(yǔ)Mr. Smith is the person with _ I am working.whom, which和that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可以省略，但介詞提前時(shí)后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhose人，物定語(yǔ)I like those books _ topics are about history.The b

8、oy _ father works abroad is my classmate.that人，物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)A plane is a machine _ can fly.The book _ I gave you was worth $10.which物whom whose whose that/which (that/which) 關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分熱射訓(xùn)練先練后背備注關(guān)系代詞as人，物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)He is such a person _ is respected by all of us.This is the same pen _ I lost yesterday.as作賓語(yǔ)一般不省略關(guān)

9、系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I will never forget the day _ we met there.關(guān)系副詞相當(dāng)于介詞whichwhere地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)This is the house _ I was born.why原因原因狀語(yǔ)I cant imagine the reason _ he turned down my offer.as as when/on which where/in which why/for which . 定語(yǔ)從句中， that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別情況用法說(shuō)明熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背只用that的情況(1)先行詞為all, everythi

10、ng, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代詞時(shí)(2)先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時(shí)(3)先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)(4)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)(5)先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)(6)句中已經(jīng)有who或which，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)He told me everything _he knew.Those _ respect others are usually respected by others.Who is the man _ is making

11、 a speech?He is the only man _ I want to see.I like the person to _ the teacher is talking.All the books _ you offered have been given out.thatwhothatthatwhomthat情況用法說(shuō)明熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背只用which, who，whom的情況(1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人(2)在由“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人(3)先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which，先行詞

12、為those, one, he時(shí)多用whoThis is the best film _ I have ever seen.We talked about the persons and things _ we remembered.He has a son, _ has gone abroad for further study.thatthatwho. as與which的區(qū)別區(qū)別熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背限制性定語(yǔ)從句名詞前有such和the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as，不能用whichHe is not such a man _ he looks.Dont read such books _

13、you cant understand.They won the game, _ we had expected.They won the game, _ we hadnt expected._ is well known，he is a famous film star in the 1980s.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句as和which都可以指代整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，像”的含義，并且既可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句后，并無(wú)“正如”的意思asasaswhichAs三、狀語(yǔ)從句種類連接詞注意點(diǎn)熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)when，whenever，while

14、，as，before，after，until，till，by the time，once，as soon as，hardly.when，no sooner.than，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，instantly主句表示將來(lái)意義時(shí)，從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；while引導(dǎo)的從句中動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的；until用在肯定句中時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的；而在否定句中時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞為短暫性的You should stick to your aim _ it is realized.We shall think the situation over agai

15、n _ any decision is made.The weather is getting colder and colder_the days go on.till/until before as 種類連接詞注意點(diǎn)熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)where，whereverwherever也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Please leave the medicine_the children cannot reach.原因狀語(yǔ)because，as，since，now that，in thatbecause語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，since較弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。It was _ Tom had to

16、 attend his mother that he was absent from the party.where because 種類連接詞注意點(diǎn)熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背條件狀語(yǔ)if，unless，in case，as long as，on condition that，given that，providing that，provided that，only if，if only，assuming that，suppose that，supposing that，when，whether.or從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來(lái)時(shí)，常用一般時(shí)代替I wont join the club unless the

17、chairman _ (invite) me._you want to go to a key university, youll have to work harder.In case it _ (rain), well delay our travel.invites If rains 種類連接詞注意點(diǎn)熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背目的狀語(yǔ)so that，in order that，for fear that，in caseso that和in order that后常接may，should，could，would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞I am preparing some dishes in case my fr

18、iend Tom _ (come)this weekend.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)so.that，such.thatHe is _ a lovely boy that all his teachers like essuch種類連接詞注意點(diǎn)熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背比較狀語(yǔ)than，as.as，not so/as.as，the more.the moreShe is not so kind _we thought.方式狀語(yǔ)as if，as though，asas if 和as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣Every student tried doing the experiment _their teach

19、er did.asas種類連接詞注意點(diǎn)熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背讓步狀語(yǔ)though，although，even if，even though，as，while，no matter what，whatever，no matter who，whoever，no matter which，whichever，no matter how，however，no matter when，wheneveras在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中常用倒裝形式，此時(shí)若句首是名詞，名詞不能帶任何冠詞；while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常置于主句之前；although和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，可與yet連用，但不可與but連用Hard _ she tried, she wasnt able to catch up with others. _ late he gets home, his wife always wait for him to have dinner._ Li Hua is the cleverest of the class, he is also the laziest.asHoweverWhile/Although/Though