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1、 定語從句 ： n、 pron + 先行詞 + 句子 （不完整的 ）賓語從句 ： 主 + 謂（vt ）+ 賓狀語從句： 主+ 謂 +賓語 + 狀語ww從句類型：從句類型： As he walked along the lake, he sang happilyAfter he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday.時間狀語從句常用的連詞：時間狀語從句常用的連詞： when, whenever, will, as, before

2、, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardlywhen, no sooner than, the moment, immediately, directly, instantly注意點 比較while, when, as 時間狀語從句：the moment 時間狀語從句：directly 比較until和notuntil 表示一就的結(jié)構(gòu)ww比較WHILE, WHEN, AS 1）as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動作的動詞。引導(dǎo)短暫性動作的動詞。 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a

3、man came up to me. 2）當(dāng)從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用）當(dāng)從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個從句，不可用引導(dǎo)這個從句，不可用as 或或 while。 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3）從句表示）從句表示隨時間推移隨時間推移連詞能用連詞能用as，不用，不用when 或或while。 As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞When: 表示時間點，還可以表原因，譯作表示時間點

4、，還可以表原因，譯作“既既然然”。還可以翻譯成突然。還可以翻譯成突然While： 表示時間段，還可以用來表示對比表示時間段，還可以用來表示對比 翻譯翻譯成成“而而”。While放在句首要翻譯成放在句首要翻譯成“盡管盡管”引引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。時間狀語從句：THE MOMENT 有一些表示時間的名詞短語也可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句有一些表示時間的名詞短語也可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句theminute,themoment,everytime,the firsttime Themomenthereachedthecountry,hestartedhis search. 他一到達這個國家，就開始

5、他的探尋工作。 EverytimeIsawthestrawhat,itremindedmeofthe tourImadeyearsbefore. 每當(dāng)我看到那頂草帽，它就使我想起幾年前的那次旅游 IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeImether. 我第一次見到她就覺得她誠實而友善。時間狀語從句：DIRECTLY等 有一些表示時間的副詞也可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句： Directlythemastercamein,everyonewasquiet. 校長一進來，大家就安靜下來。 Theyoungladyrushedintotheroomimmediate-lys

6、heheardthenoise. 那位年輕女士一聽到響聲就沖進房間。w until 和not until的區(qū)別1.Until 要與延續(xù)性動詞連用。2. notuntil 要與非延續(xù)性動詞連用1. Until句子翻譯成 動作直到時候才結(jié)束。2.Notuntil句子要翻譯成動作直到時候才開始。 I slept until 12 oclock. 我睡覺睡到我睡覺睡到12點。點。We didnt get down to working until Ms Zhang came in. 我們直到張老師進來才開始認(rèn)真的工作。我們直到張老師進來才開始認(rèn)真的工作。表示一就的結(jié)構(gòu) hardly/scarcelyw

7、hen/before, no soonerthan和和as soon as都可以表示都可以表示一一就就的意思，例：的意思，例： I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或或no sooner置于句首，句子置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)： Hardly / Scarcely had I

8、 got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rainw地點狀語從句常常由地點狀語從句常常由where來引導(dǎo)。來引導(dǎo)。 Make a mark where you have a question.Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way.He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.As it is raining, I will not go out.Now

9、that you mention it, I do remember.原因狀語從句連接詞原因狀語從句連接詞because, since, as , now that（既然），（既然），for 注意點：注意點： 比較：because, since, as和for 1）because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。 I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由be

10、cause引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.(3)because和和so不能同用在一個句子里。不能同用在一個句子里。wYou can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank.If he is not in the

11、 office, he must be out for lunch.You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. So far as I know（據(jù)我所知）（據(jù)我所知）, he will be away for three months.If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.條件狀語從從句連詞條件狀語從從句連詞If,unless, once, as long as, on condition that Speak clearly, so that

12、they may understand you.She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.He left early in case he should miss the train.目的狀語從句連接詞目的狀語從句連接詞so, so that（從句謂語常有情態(tài)動詞）（從句謂語常有情態(tài)動詞）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）（以防，以免）for fear thatwShe was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting.He w

13、as so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her. 結(jié)果狀語從句連接詞結(jié)果狀語從句連接詞so that （從句謂語一般沒有情態(tài)動詞）（從句謂語一般沒有情態(tài)動詞）, so that, such that 比較：比較：so和和 such 其規(guī)律由其規(guī)律由so與與such的不同詞性決定。的不同詞性決定。 such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量

14、的形容詞還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，連用，形成固定搭配。形成固定搭配。 so foolish such a foolso nice a flowersuch a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowersso much / little money. such rapid progressso many people such a lot of people （ so many 已成固定搭配，已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于雖相當(dāng)于 many，但但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只

15、能用為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）搭配。）比較狀語從句連接詞：比較狀語從句連接詞：I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.The busier he is, the happier he feels.than, so (as) as, the more the more You must do the exercise as I show you.He acted as if nothing had happened.as, as if

16、(though), the way, rather than 方式狀語從句的連接詞方式狀語從句的連接詞Though he is a child, he knows a lot=Child as he is, he knows a lot.Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.讓步狀語從句的連接詞讓步狀語從句的連接詞although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what,

17、 ) 讓步狀語從句(1) though, although 注意： 當(dāng)有though, although時，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet， still nevertheless（仍然，不過）可連用 Although its raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。 as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分

18、詞、實義動詞提前）。（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前）。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意：注意： a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。 b.句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。在主語之前。 Try ha

19、rd as he will， he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。AS, THOUGH 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句讓步狀語從句(3) 3)ever if, even though.即使 Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 4) whetheror- 不管都 Whether you believe it or not, it

20、is true.讓步狀語從句(4) 5)no matter +疑問詞疑問詞 或或疑問詞疑問詞+后綴后綴ever No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替換：替換： no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however

21、注意：注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。狀語從句的省略狀語從句的省略1.當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時，可省略狀語從句的主語和be動詞。e.g.As a young man, Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.he was2. 當(dāng)從句的主語是當(dāng)從句的主語是it， 謂語動詞是謂語動詞是be動詞時，可以把動詞時，可以把it和和be一起省略。此時構(gòu)成一起省略。此時構(gòu)成“連詞（連詞（if， unless， when， whenever）+形容詞形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。的結(jié)構(gòu)。Though cold，he still wore a shirt.it was3. If =so/not省略句式中，用省略句式中，用so/not代替上文的內(nèi)容代替上文的內(nèi)容。Get up early tomorrow. If not(=If you dont get up early), you will miss the first note.