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情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講與練 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 一．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can_________________ can’t_____________________ May_________________ may not______________________ Must______________ mustn’t_______________________ 二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn) 1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化, 2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 "not"。 3. 個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式, 過(guò)去式用來(lái)表達(dá)更客氣, 委婉的語(yǔ)氣, 時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng), 可用于過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在。 三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 1. can/could； can’t/couldn’t (否定) 1) 表示能力, 意為“能、會(huì)”, 例如： I can speak a little English. -- Can you ride a bike? I can’t swim. -- Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. 2) 表示請(qǐng)求或允許，多用于口語(yǔ)中，意為“可以、能”等 You can go home now. 現(xiàn)在你可以回家了 -- Can I borrow your bike? You can’t stop your car here. -- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 3) 用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句中，表示猜測(cè)、懷疑或不肯定. Lucy can’t be at home now, she went to the park just now. Where can it be? I can’t find my football. 【注意：】 1）. could 是can的過(guò)去式, 有兩種用法, 一種表示過(guò)去式；一種用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣, 委婉的語(yǔ)氣, 時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng), 可用于過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在。 2）. be able to 意為“有能力，能夠做...”, 相當(dāng)于can/could, 但它有人稱，數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 2. may; may not (否定) 1) 表示“請(qǐng)求，許可”，此時(shí)與 can 同義，可以互換使用 May I borrow your bike? Can I borrow your bike? Yes, you may. / No, you may not. Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 2) may/might表示不太肯定的猜測(cè)，意為“有可能” Lucy may come to school late today. It might rain today. 【注意】：might 是may 的過(guò)去式, 有兩種用法, 一種表示過(guò)去式，一種表示更加委婉, 客氣的語(yǔ)氣或?qū)赡苄缘膽岩伞? 3. must; mustn’t (否定) 1) must(“必須”, 表示命令)，mustn’t(“一定不能”, 表示強(qiáng)烈禁止...) You must go to bed before 22:00pm. You mustn’t play with fire. It’s dangerous! --Must I write down the sentences？ --No，you needn’t. (--No,you don’t have to) 注意：在回答must的疑問(wèn)句中，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to表示“不必”，不用mustn’t 2) must 還可以表示非常肯定的猜測(cè)，意為“一定” The girl in a red skirt must be Lucy. 3) must/ have to 的區(qū)別： ①. must表示必須，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀上的愿望；have to表示“不得不”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要 You must go be bed before 22:00pm. My bike is broken, so I have to go to school on foot. ②. have to 有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化；must則沒(méi)有。 I have to clean the classroom today. She has to finish her homework first. It was late, he had to go to school without breakfast. 【習(xí)題】 1. --Must I finish the work today? --No,you . You can finish it tomorrow. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 2. -- I swim here? --I’m sorry. Children swim alone here. A. Must can’t B. May must C. Can mustn’t D. Can’t can 3. --Meng Fei broke his arm while recording If You Are The One in Beijing. --Really? Then perhaps he host TV programmes for some time. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D.can’t 4. --What do you want to eat for lunch? I will prepare earlier today. --Honey, you . Let’s go out to have something different. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D.don’t have to 5. Thomas, please be quiet. The others hear very well. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D.needn’t 6. --You see, a man is cutting a tree on the Moon. --It be true. The teacher says there is no air on the moon. A. can’t B.may not C. shouldn’t D.mustn’t 7. --Can I go fishing with you,Dad? --No, you . You stay at home and do your homework first. A. won’t may B. can’t must C. shouldn’t ought D. needn’t should 8. Anna hasn’t come to school today. I think she be ill. A. can B.has to C. may D.should 9. --Fifty dollars for such a T-shirt! You be joking! --I’m serous. It’s made of silk. A. must B.need C. may D.can 10. _ _____I go and apologize to my teacher for my mistake? A. Should B.Need C.Can D. May 11. May I stop my car here,sir? --No,you_____. A.may not B.mustn’t C.can’t D.needn’t 12. _____I change the bulb(燈泡) now? --No,you may not. You_____switch off the electricity. A.Can;need B.May;must C.Must;must D.Can;must 13. John____ come to see us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A.may B.can C.has to D.must 14. My mother is ill.So I _____to look after my little brother. A.must B.may C.have to D.should 15. I’m afraid it _____rain tonight. A.can B.could C.may be D.might 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（should ought to） 一、had better的用法 1. had better 是固定詞組，意思是“應(yīng)該；最好”，后接不帶 to 的不定式，其用 法相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞 had 沒(méi)有人稱或數(shù)的變化。 1) Youd better go there by bus. 你最好是坐公共汽車去那里。 2) Wed better not tell him the news. 我門最好不要告訴他這個(gè)消息。 二、should的用法 1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should 常用來(lái)表示勸告、建議或義務(wù)，意思是“應(yīng)該”，： 1）You shouldnt come to such a decision hastily . 你不應(yīng)該匆忙作出這樣的決定。 2）The party should be great fun . 那個(gè)集會(huì)一定很有意思。 1. Youd better _____ late next time . A. dont B. not be C. not being D. wont be 2. ---- Can I leave this door open at night ? ----- You _______ better not . A. should B. would C. could D. had 3. ---- Lets go to the cinema , shall we ? ---- ______ . A. Yes , I shall B. No , I cant C. Yes , thank you D. No , wed better not 7b7祈使句 1.祈使句的定義及句式特征： 定義：祈使句是用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑、邀請(qǐng)、勸告或祝愿等的句子。它的特點(diǎn)是通常省略主語(yǔ)you,以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭，末尾可用句號(hào)或感嘆號(hào)。祈使句沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)句的形式，一般只有肯定和否定兩種形式。 Go and wash your hands. (表命令) Be quite, please. （Please be quiet.）（表請(qǐng)求） Be kind to your sister.（表勸告） Watch your steps.（表警告） be+形容詞 / 名詞 Be quiet / quick! Be a good student! 2）以實(shí)義動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭的祈使句，這種祈使句的常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)（+其他）。 Come in, please！ Please open your books！ 3)let型（Let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他） Let him do it by himself. Let me help you. 3.否定形式（一般在動(dòng)詞上否定，也可以用否定副詞（never）來(lái)表示） 1）be型【Don’t be +其他成分（形容詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)）】 Don’t be careless! Never be late again next time! ①在這種句型中，be不能省略 ②否定副詞not不可置于be之后 2）do型（Don’t +動(dòng)詞原形+其他） Don’t believe him! Don’t worry! Never do it again! 一、單項(xiàng)選擇： 1. Please ____, they’re having a meeting. A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. mustn’t talk D. no speaking 2. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there. A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Don’t forget 3. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____? A. won’t we B. will you C. don’t we D. shall we 4. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ____? A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 5. ______ me go. It is very important for me. A. Do let B. Let do C. Doing let D. To do let 6. He is not honest. ______ believe him. A. Not B. Don’t C. To not D. Not to 7. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train. A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got 8. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous. A. Not play B. Not to play C. Don’t play D. Don’t to play 9. Lucy, ____ the door or someone will come in. A. close B. closes C. not close D. is closing 10. ____ and play football in the street after lunch. A. Let’s not to go B. Let’s not go C. Let’s don’t go D. Not let’s go 11. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus. A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking 12. ____ Chinese in you English class. A. Not speak B. Don’t speak C. Speak not D. Don’t speaking 13 . _____ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept 14. Never come late again, ______? A. will you B. won’t you C. do you D. does he 15. The TV is too loud. Please________. A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it 16. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turns green. A. Not B. Wont C. Doesnt D. Dont 17. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing 18. ________ me the truth, or Ill be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell 二. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1. It’s an important meeting. __________ (not, be )late. 2. ____________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping. 3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____________ (be) polite. 4. ____________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud. 5. ____________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry. 6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming. 7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like. 8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry. 9. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold. 10. Let’s ____________ (not, say) anything about it.