《【高考聚焦】2014屆高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件語法篇從句類第2節(jié)并列句和狀語從句2》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《【高考聚焦】2014屆高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件語法篇從句類第2節(jié)并列句和狀語從句2（56頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第二節(jié)并列句和狀語從句 (2) 考點(diǎn)一：并列句考點(diǎn)一：并列句并列句的基本概念：并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中，這些簡(jiǎn)單句常由并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡(jiǎn)單句被稱為分句。1常見并列句分類(1)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系用來表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的并列連詞有：and，not onlybut also，neithernor，notbut等。如：He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.他有足夠的錢，可以隨便花。Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easi

2、ly.他不僅說得更正確而且說得還更輕松。(2)表示選擇關(guān)系常用的并列連詞有or，eitheror，otherwise等。Either you are right, or I am.要么你對(duì)，要么我對(duì)。Dont drive so fast or/otherwise youll have an accident.不要開那么快，否則你會(huì)出事的。(3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系常用的并列連詞有：but, yet, whereas, while等。Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now.珍妮說她病了，但剛才我在街上看到了她。Some me

3、n are rich, while/whereas others are poor.一些人很富有但其他人很貧窮。(4)表示因果關(guān)系常用的并列連詞有so，for。It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，到處都這么濕。The shops were closed so I didnt get any milk.商店都關(guān)門了，所以我沒買到牛奶。(5)表示條件或結(jié)果常用于“祈使句and/or結(jié)構(gòu)”中。Drive fast or youll be late.開快點(diǎn)，否則你就要遲到了。Raise your hand, and

4、 a taxi appears. 只要你一揮手，出租車就會(huì)來了。2when和while作并列連詞的用法(1)when用作并列連詞，其意義為“那時(shí)，這時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：sb. was doing sth. whensb. was about to/going to do/on the point of doing sth. whensb. had just done sth. when如：We were having a meeting when someone broke in.當(dāng)時(shí)我們正在開會(huì)，突然有人闖了進(jìn)來。We were about

5、 to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我們正打算動(dòng)身，突然下起了雨。(2)while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對(duì)比。He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.他喜歡流行音樂，而我喜歡民族音樂?？键c(diǎn)二：狀語從句考點(diǎn)二：狀語從句1狀語從句的分類(1)時(shí)間狀語從句when/while/as這3個(gè)詞都可表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候(另一件事在發(fā)生)”。如：As/When/While I was walking down the street, I happened to see a policeman

6、running after a car.當(dāng)我正沿著街往下走的時(shí)候，我碰巧看到一個(gè)警察正在追一輛汽車。when還可表示“突然，這時(shí)，既然，如果”之意。如：I felt disappointed and was about to leave, when something occurred which attracted my attention.我感到失望，正要離開，突然發(fā)生了一件引起我注意的事。Ill come to see you when I am free.如果我有空一定來看你。while與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，表示“在某一段時(shí)間里”或“在期間”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：While you

7、 are there, can you get me some stamps?While we were chatting, she was working hard on her study.while還可表示“而，卻”，作并列連詞，表示對(duì)比。as除了可以表示原因之外，還表示“一面，一面”“隨著”之意。如：Looking behind as he was running, he hurried home.他一邊跑一邊回頭看，匆匆忙忙往家趕。As the day went on, the weather got worse.隨著日子一天天過去，天氣變得越來越糟。比較With the day g

8、oing on, the weather got worse.這兩個(gè)句子是學(xué)生常容易犯的錯(cuò)誤之一，因?yàn)椴荒軈^(qū)分as為連詞，with為介詞。“一就”的表達(dá)常見的連接詞有：as soon as, hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, once; the moment, the minute, the second, the instance; immediately, directly, instantly等。如：Hardly had the train left when we got to the station.火車剛開走，我們就到了火車站。I knew I

9、 had made a mistake directly I handed in my paper.我一交上我的論文就知道我犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。He said hed phoned you the moment he got home.他說他一到家就給你打了電話?！爸钡讲拧眜ntil, till, before(不到就)，till不能置于句首，not dotill/until中“do”應(yīng)為短暫性動(dòng)詞；notuntil句型的理解，強(qiáng)調(diào)倒裝形式。如：A. till/untilUntil you told me，I had no idea of it.直到你告訴我，我還什么都不知道呢。He cant go

10、 to bed till/until he has finished the homework.他做完作業(yè)才能睡覺。Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.直到你告訴我，我才知道。B. beforeb e f o r e 意 為 “ 之 后 才 ” “ 不 等 就”“趁”“寧愿，也不”。如：It will be a long time before we meet again.要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間后，我們才能再見面了。He had got

11、on the train before I could say goodbye.我還來不及說再見，他已上了火車。Please write it down now before you forget it.趁現(xiàn)在沒忘就把它記下來?！白詮?，自以來”sinceIt is/has been two years since I came here.我來這兒已有兩年了。It is/has been two years since I smoked.我已戒煙兩年了。(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞要從該動(dòng)作的最后一次算起，即從最后一次動(dòng)作以來)表時(shí)間的名詞或副詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句every time, each time, ne

12、xt time, last time, any time, the first time, all the time等，以及the day, the week, the year, the morning等均可連接從句作狀語。immediately, instantly等副詞也可連接從句作狀語。如：Each/Every time I was in trouble, he would come and help me out.每當(dāng)我遇到麻煩時(shí)，他總會(huì)幫我走出困境。(2)地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞where，wherever(anywhere)指具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)，從句可用于主句之前或之后；表

13、示抽象條件的含義時(shí)，從句須放在主句之前。如：We should go where the Party needs us most.我們應(yīng)到黨最需要我們的地方去。You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.無火不生煙。(無風(fēng)不起浪)注意區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句：你最好在有問題的地方做一下標(biāo)記。Youd better make a mark where you h

14、ave any questions.(狀語從句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定語從句)(3)原因狀語從句常用連接詞有：because，as，since，now that，considering that(考慮到)。如：Why were you absent from the class yesterday?Because I was ill.昨天你為什么沒來上課？因?yàn)槲疑×恕s it is raining, we shall not go to the park.由于在下雨，我們不去公

15、園了。Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都在，我們開始開會(huì)吧。此外，when還表示原因，意為：since; considering that(既然；考慮到)，如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.既然你步行5分鐘能到那里，卻打的，真夠愚蠢的。其他表示原因的方式除了狀語從句外，一些介詞短語同樣可以表示原因，這樣的短語有：because of，thanks to，due to

16、，owing to等。此外，并列連詞for加分句也可表示原因，for引導(dǎo)的分句對(duì)前面的內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充說明。He doesnt know about it, for he didnt see the film.他不了解此事，因?yàn)樗麤]有看過這部電影。(4)目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case等。in order that與so that兩個(gè)連詞意為“以便；為了”，引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，in order that比so that正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句

17、之后。如：Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.我會(huì)慢慢說以便你能懂。In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.為了能看到日出，我們很早就出發(fā)去了山頂。for fear that與in case這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”，它本身帶有否定意義，相當(dāng)于so thatnot或in order thatnot，如：The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/fo

18、r fear that his father should see him.那個(gè)男孩把自己藏在樹后面，以防他父親看到他。Take your raincoat in case it should rain.帶上雨衣以防下雨。(5)結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so that；sothat，suchthat。在非正式語體中，由sothat，suchthat引導(dǎo)的句子中that可以省略，注意其結(jié)構(gòu)形式：如：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all

19、 believe him.麥克如此誠實(shí)，以至于我們都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天氣如此晴朗以至于我們都想去公園。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他掙這么少錢，以至于不能維持家庭生活。注意：當(dāng)so或such置于句首時(shí)，主句要用倒裝語序。如：So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是如

20、此聰明的學(xué)生以至于能解出所有難題。(6)讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有：although/though(盡管，雖然)，even though/even if(即使)although與though兩者意思相同，一般可互換，都可以與yet，still或nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。如：Although/Though it was raining hard, (yet) they went on playing football.雖然雨下得很大，但他們還是繼續(xù)踢足球。Even though/if it is raining, well go there.(陳述語氣)即使

21、下雨，我們也要去那里。Even if I were busy, I would go.(虛擬語氣)即使我忙，也得去。注意：though還可用作副詞，意為“可是，然而”，置于句末。如：He said he would come; he didnt, though.他說他會(huì)來，可是沒有來。as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句倒裝的情況as或though從句一般放在主句之前，常用倒裝語序。從句中的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。若表語是單數(shù)名詞，前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.盡管他是孩子，卻懂得很多。Much as I like it, I wont

22、 buy it, for its too expensive.雖然我很喜歡，但不會(huì)買的，因?yàn)樗F了。Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管他怎樣努力，還是找不到工作。注意：though引導(dǎo)的從句也可以像as引導(dǎo)的從句一樣用倒裝語序，但是although引導(dǎo)的從句只能用正常語序。注意比較下面的說法：()Smart though/as she is, she doesnt study hard.()Though/Although she is smart, she doesnt study hard.()Smart although she is,

23、 she doesnt study hard.()As she is smart, she doesnt study hard.whetheror(不管還是)；疑問詞ever與no matter疑問詞(不管；無論)。如：Whether you believe it or not, it is true.不管你相信與否，那都是真的。Whatever(No matter what) you say, he wont believe you.無論你說什么，他都不會(huì)相信你的話。Whoever you are( No matter who you are), you must obey the rule

24、s.無論你是誰，你都要遵守規(guī)則。注意：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。如：You can take whatever you like.(賓語從句)when，while還可作從屬連詞，相當(dāng)于although。Suddenly, she stopped when she ought to have continued.盡管她應(yīng)該繼續(xù)下去，她卻突然停住了。While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.盡管我承認(rèn)有問題存在，

25、但我不同意說這些問題不能解決。(7)條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：if，unless(ifnot，除非)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(萬一)，on condition that(條件是)等。如：Youll fail the exam unless you study hard(if you dont study hard)除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你考試不會(huì)及格。As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.你只要不灰心，就會(huì)成功。In case there is a fire, what will we do

26、first?萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，我們首先做什么？(8)方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as，as if，as though等。方式狀語從句應(yīng)放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣，但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也可用陳述語氣。如：Do as you are told to, or youll be fired.告訴你怎么做就怎么做，否則就解雇你。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.這位老太太對(duì)待這個(gè)男孩就像他是她自己兒子似的。I feel as if I have a fever

27、.我感覺好像感冒了。(9)比較狀語從句連接詞有：than，not as/soas，asas，the more，the more等。如：The population of our town is larger than that of theirs.我們鎮(zhèn)上的人口比他們鎮(zhèn)上的多。(比較對(duì)象要相同)The more you explained, the more I was confused.你解釋得越多，我越不能理解。2狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問題及緊縮現(xiàn)象(1)狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問題時(shí)間狀語和條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來，主句用將來時(shí)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞原形。如：Ill not lend the

28、 money to you unless you return it next month.除非你下個(gè)月還我，否則我不會(huì)借錢給你。You cant get off until the bus has stopped.車停穩(wěn)了你再下來。(2)狀語從句的緊縮現(xiàn)象時(shí)間狀語從句中常見的緊縮形式。如：Dont speak until spoken to.有人對(duì)你說話時(shí)你再說。While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.在北京時(shí)，我參觀了頤和園。I prefer my milk a little sweetened whenever poss

29、ible.可能的話，我喜歡牛奶甜點(diǎn)兒。As a young man, Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.亞伯拉罕林肯年輕時(shí)當(dāng)過零售店店主和郵政所所長(zhǎng)。He often makes mistakes when speaking English.他說英語時(shí)常出錯(cuò)。She always sings while doing her work.她干活時(shí)總唱歌。條件狀語從句中常見的緊縮形式。如：Come tomorrow if possible.可能的話就明天來吧。If so, you must go back and get it.如果

30、這樣的話，你必須回去把它拿來。Ill buy a TV set if necessary.如果有必要，我就買一臺(tái)電視機(jī)。The girl never gave in unless wrong.這女孩不會(huì)屈服的，除非她錯(cuò)了。Unless repaired, the machine is of no use.這臺(tái)機(jī)器如不修理便毫無用處。方式狀語從句中常見的緊縮形式。如：Some flowers shut up at night as if(they did this in order) to sleep.有些花夜間收攏，好像是為了睡覺一樣。She stood at the gate as if(she was)waiting for someone.她站在門口好像在等人。其他狀語從句中的緊縮形式。如：Though cold, he still wore a shirt.天氣雖然冷，但他仍然只穿一件襯衫。As he was blind, he couldnt see anything.Being blind, he couldnt see anything.她瞎了，什么東西也看不見。Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary.在需要的地方填上冠詞。