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- 1 -摘 要本次設計主要是為了開發(fā)利用? 江流域的水利資源，建設一個以發(fā)電為主，同時兼顧灌溉、供水、防洪及養(yǎng)殖等綜合利用效益的跨流域開發(fā)的水利水電樞紐工程。在明確了建設目的并具有了建設依據和條件后設計的樞紐概況如下：? 江水利樞紐為復合土工膜防滲堆石壩最大壩高???? 米，正常蓄水位?????? ，主壩長????? 米左右，上游邊坡? ：???? 下游邊坡在???? 以上為?：???? ，???? 以下為?????? 。本次設計主要內容為：經洪水調節(jié)確定壩頂高程；壩型的比選；第一主要建筑物的設計；施工組織設計。復合土工膜防滲堆石壩是一種新的壩型，其防滲材料??? 復合土工膜的設計、施工、質量控制是該類壩型的技術關鍵，在本設計說明書第六章第三節(jié)有詳細說明。本工程導流隧洞施工具有施工工作斷面小，工期緊的特點，故其施工工藝是關鍵，在本設計說明書的有詳細的說明。本次設計以一般混凝土面板堆石壩和一些已建復合土工膜堆石壩為參考，在注重各細部獨立分項設計的同時，綜合考慮了整體工程的統(tǒng)一性。在專題的編寫中參考已建工程的導流隧洞，對導流隧洞的施工組織進行了設計，確保按期完成導流隧洞標段工程。在設計過程中既充分運用了所學知識，廣泛參考了堆石壩設計、施工等相關書籍，并在規(guī)范規(guī)定內設計，體現了本設計的科學性、規(guī)范性。關鍵詞：復合土工膜、堆石壩? 、? 防滲? 、? 邊坡穩(wěn)定? 、? 投標文件、??技術標? 、? 導流隧洞? 、施工組織- 2 -??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- 3 -????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- 4 -目 錄第一章 綜合說明 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 -1.1 工程特性匯總表 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 -1.2 建設目的和依據 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 -1.3 建設的條件 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 -1.4 建設的規(guī)模及綜合利用效益 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 -1.4.1 建設規(guī)模 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 -1.4.2 綜合利用效益 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 -1.4.2.1 發(fā)電 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 -1.4.2.2 灌溉 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 -1.4.2.3 供水 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 -1.4.2.4 防洪 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 -1.4.2.5 漁業(yè) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 -第二章 自然地理條件 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 -2.1 流域概況 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 -2.2 水文特性 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 -2.3 工程地質條件 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 -2.3.1 庫區(qū)工程地質 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 -2.3.2 壩址工程地質 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 -2.3.2.1 地貌 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 -2.3.2.2 地質巖性 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 -2.3.2.3 地質構造 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 -2.3.2.4 水文地質條件 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 -2.3.2.5 建基面巖體有關地質參數建議值 --------------------------------------------------------------- 14 -2.3.3 引水發(fā)電隧洞工程地質條件 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 -2.4 氣象、地震及其他 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 -2.4.1 氣象、地震 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 -2.4.2 建筑材料情況 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 -2.4.2.1 砂礫石料 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 -2.4.2.2 堆石料 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 -第三章 設計條件和設計依據 -------------------------------------------------------------- 17 -3.1 設計任務 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 -3.2 設計依據 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 -第四章 洪水調節(jié)計算 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 -- 5 -4.1 洪水調洪演算 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 -4.1.1 洪水調洪演算原理 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 -4.1.2 洪水調洪演算方法 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 -4.2 洪水標準分析 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 -4.3 泄水建筑物的型式選擇 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 -4.4 調洪演算及泄水建筑物尺 寸的確定 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 -4.4.1 調洪演算過程 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 -4.4.2 洪水過程線的模擬 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 -4.4.3 計算公式 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 -4.4.4 計算結果 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 -4.4.5 方案選擇 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 -4.4.6 壩頂高程的確定 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 -4.4.6.1 工程等別及建筑物級別和洪水標準的確定 --------------------------------------------------- 24 -4.4.6.2 波浪要素計算 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 -4.4.6.3 擋墻頂高程的確定 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 -4.4.6.4 閘門設計 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 -第五章 主要建筑物型式選擇及樞紐布置 ----------------------------------------------- 27 -5.1 樞紐等別及組成建筑物級別 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 -5.2 壩型選擇 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 -5.2.1 定性分析 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 -5.2.1.1 各種常見壩型比較 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 -5.2.1.2 土石壩各壩型比較 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 -5.2.2 定量分析 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 -5.2.2.1 鋼筋混凝土面板堆石壩與復合土工膜防滲面板堆石壩的方案比較 ---------------------- 32 -5.3 泄水建筑物型式選擇 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 -5.4 水電站建筑物 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 -5.5 樞紐方案的綜合比較 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 -5.5.1 擋水建筑物—— 復合土工膜防滲堆石壩 ------------------------------------------------------------ 34 -5.5.2 泄水建筑物—— 正槽溢洪道 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 -5.5.3 水電站建筑物 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 -第六章 第一主要建筑物設計 -------------------------------------------------------------- 35 -6.1 大壩輪廓尺寸及防浪墻設計 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 -6.1.1 L 型擋墻頂高程及壩頂高程、寬度 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 -6.1.2 壩體分區(qū) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 -6.1.3 L 型擋墻設計 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 -6.1.3.1 L 型擋墻尺寸選擇 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 -6.1.3.2L 型擋墻荷載計算方法 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 -6.1.3.4 荷載計算方法 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 -6.1.3.5 各工況下的 L 型擋墻計算 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 39 -6.1.3.6 L 型擋墻配筋計算 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 -- 6 -6.2 堆石料設計 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47 -6.2.1 堆石料基本特性參數 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47 -6.2.2 主、次堆石料設計 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 -6.2.3 墊層、過渡層設計 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 -6.2.4 堆石體設計技術參數表 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 -6.2.5 堆石體填筑技術參數表 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 -6.3 復合土工膜設計 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 -6.3.1 復合土工膜的選型和分區(qū) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 -6.3.1.1 材料種類、特性及主要性能 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 -6.3.1.2 復合土工膜選型 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 49 -6.3.1.3 防護層及下墊層及復合土工膜分區(qū) ------------------------------------------------------------ 50 -6.3.2 土工膜強度及厚度校核 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 -6.3.2 0.4mm 厚土工膜應力校核計算 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 -6.3.3 0.6mm 厚土工膜應力校核計算 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52 -6.4 大壩穩(wěn)定分析 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 -6.4.1 計算原理及方法 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 54 -6.4.2 壩坡穩(wěn)定分析 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55 -6.4.3 壩坡面復合土工膜的穩(wěn)定分析 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 55 -6.4.4 復合土工膜與下墊層間的抗滑穩(wěn)定計算 ------------------------------------------------------------- 56 -6.5 副壩設計 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57 -6.5.1 副壩及主壩的連接及副壩型式選擇 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 57 -6.5.1.1 副壩的型式選擇 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 57 -6.5.1.2 副壩的穩(wěn)定驗算 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 58 -6.5.1.3 副壩壩頂設計 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 -6.5.1.4 副壩與主壩的連接 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 -6.5.2 副壩的地基處理防滲設計 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60 -6.6 細部構造設計及地基處理 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 -6.6.1 壩頂構造 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 -6.6.2 護坡設計 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 -6.6.3 分縫及止水 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 61 -6.6.2.1 周邊縫及止水 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61 -6.6.2.2 面板縫 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 61 -6.6.2.3 L 型擋墻接縫及止水 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61 -6.6.2.4 趾板分縫及止水 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 61 -6.6.4 壩基處理 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61 -6.6.4.1 壩基及岸坡開挖 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 61 -6.6.4.2 固結灌漿 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 -6.6.4.3 帷幕灌漿及排水 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 63 -6.6.4.4 壩坡與馬道 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 63 -6.7 趾板設計 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63 -6.7.1 趾板的作用 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 63 -6.7.2 趾板最大剖面設計 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64 -6.7.3 趾板各剖面設計 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 65 -6.7.3 趾板配筋 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66 -6.8 壩體沉降估算 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67 -- 7 -6.9 第二建筑物設計——溢 洪道 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67 -6.9.1 控制堰設計 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67 -6.9.2 出口消能設計 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 -6.9.2.1 反弧段設計 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 -6.9.2.2 挑射距離與沖刷坑深度的估算 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 69 -6.10 工程量計算 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69 -6.10.1 工程量計算的依據及項目劃分 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 69 -6.10.2 主壩工程量計算 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70 -6.10.2.1 各剖面工程量 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70 -6.10.2.2 各壩段工程量及合計 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70 -6.10.3 副壩工程量計算 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 -6.9.3.1 各剖面工程量 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 -6.9.3.2 各壩段工程量及合計 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 -6.9.4 工程量清單 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 -第七章 施工組織設計（專題一） -------------------------------------------------------- 73 -7.1 基本資料分析 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 -7.1.1 工程概況 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 -7.1.2 施工條件 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 -7.1.2.1 施工工期 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 -7.1.2.2 壩址地形、地質以及建筑材料 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 -7.1.2.3 氣象、水文資料 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 -7.1.3 有效工日分析 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 -7.2 施工導流 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 -7.2.1 導流標準 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 -7.2.2 施工導流方案及大壩施工分期 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 -7.2.2.1 施工導流方案 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 -7.2.2.2 大壩施工分期 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 -7.2.2.3 度汛方案 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 -7.2.3 導流建筑物規(guī)劃布置 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 -7.2.3.1 導流隧洞 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 -7.2.3.2 攔洪高程 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 -7.2.3.3 圍堰 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76 -7.3 主體工程施工 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76 -7.3.1 堆石體施工 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77 -7.3.2 混凝土施工 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 -7.3.2.1 趾板 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 -7.3.2.2 現澆混凝土保護層 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 -7.3.2.3 擋浪墻 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82 -7.3.2.4 副壩 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82 -7.3.2.5 混凝土工程機械選擇 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82 -7.3.3 導流隧洞施工 -----------------------------------------------------