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英語：Unit2《Heroes》 講義、單元試卷及答案（北師大版必修1） 一般過去時 　　1) 用法： 　　A) 表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。 　　例： I decided to go to the library as soon as I _______. 　　 A) finish what I did B) finished what I did 　 　C) would finish what I was doing D) finished what I was doing 　　結(jié)合四個選項來看，全句的意思是：“我決定一做完手頭的工作就去圖書館”。本題首先要判斷的是as soon as（一……就）引出的時間狀語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)。從句中的動作“做完手頭的工作”是預(yù)計將要發(fā)生的動作，而去句的謂語動詞用的是過去時（decided）。在這種場合，從句中通常用一般過去時，而不用過去將來時。所以選項A和C不可能是答案。句子指的是“完成正在做的工作”，do要用進行式。因此選項D才是答案。 　　B) 表示過去習慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達的句型，本身表示的就是過去時。 　　例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數(shù)個小時，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。） 　　He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。） 　　C) 有時可代替一般現(xiàn)在時，表達一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。 　　例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎？） 　　Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在這里嗎？） 　　2) 注意事項： 　　A) 注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應(yīng)該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因為這樣的時間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時。 　　B) used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didnt used to do, didnt use to do都對。 Used to do經(jīng)常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進行對比。前者表示"過去常?；蜻^去曾經(jīng)"，要求加動詞原形；后者表示"習慣于"，要求加名詞或動名詞。 過去完成時(had done) 　　1) 用法：表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說的：表示"過去的過去的動作或狀態(tài)"。 　　例：Until then, his family _________ from him for six months. 　　A) didnt hear 　　C) hasnt heard 　　B) hasnt been hearing 　　D) hadnt heard 　　全句的意思是：“到那時為止，他家里已經(jīng)有六個月沒得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出，謂語動詞的動作延續(xù)到過去的某一時刻才完成，因此謂語要用過去完成時。答案是D)。其它選項中：A) didnt hear，因為一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，所以不能與時間狀語for six months連用。B) hasnt been hearing，現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示過去某時刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進行的動作，與題意不符。C) hasnt heard，現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去某一時刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時刻，不能表示現(xiàn)在時間。 　　2) 注意事項：“過去的過去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過上下文體現(xiàn)出來，而不一定受某個時間狀語的限制。 　　例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.（剛才有人在我們的房間里，因為我們打開前門進來時，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。） 　　分析：雖然時間狀語是just now，似乎應(yīng)該使用一般過去時，但是“在房間里”這個狀態(tài)是在"開門"和"注意"這兩個過去的動作之前就存在的，所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時。 一般過去時與過去進行時的區(qū)別 　　一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),往往表示動作已完成或結(jié)束;而過去進行時則表示過去某個時間正在進行的動作,表示動作的未完成性。例如: 　　He read a novel that evening.那天晚上他讀了一本小說。(讀完了整本小說) He was reading a novel that evening.那天晚上他在讀一本小說。(小說不一定讀完) 單項選擇 1. – If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock. -- What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you. A. is B. was C. would be D. has been 2. The hero’s story _____ differently in the newspapers. A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported 3. They _____ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _____ on it as no god results have e out so far. A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working 4. Father _____ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left 5. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she _____. A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing 6. More than a dozen students in that school _____ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 7. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ____ down to eat our picnic lunch. A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat 8. –What’s wrong with your coat? -- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____ on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting 9. – Thank goodness, you’re here! What _____ you? -- Traffic jam. A. keeps B. is keeping C. had kept D. kept 10. She _____ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing 11. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) _____ the world leading inventor for sixty years. A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was 12. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ____ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun 13. My mind wasn’t on what e was saying so I’, afraid I _____ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will D. missed 14. The discussion ____ alive when an interesting topic was bought in. A. was ing B. had e C. has e D. came 15. – You were out when I dropped in at your house. -- Oh, I _____ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited 16. – I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. -- Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _____? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left 17. – Has Sam finished his homework today? -- I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 18. I _____ you not to move my dictionary now I can’t find it. A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked 19. – What were you doing when Ton phoned you? -- I had just finished my work and ____ to take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting 20. – Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. -- Where was I? -- You ____ you didn’t like your father’s job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 2019-2020年高一上Unit2《Heroes》word教案 一、難句解疑： 1. Personally, I think Martin Luther King is also quite important, because he fought against racism and his actions changed American society. 2. He spent 27 years in prison for fighting for the rights of black South Africans. 3. She has also been an important person in fighting for animal rights. 把下面句子譯成漢語： 1. They are fighting against terrorism. 2. The black people were fighting for freedom. 3. They were fighting with each other over who paid the bills. 4. The soldiers were fighting their way out. 二、 與fight 搭配的詞組有： fight for 為（爭?。窢? fight against 為（反對）……而戰(zhàn) fight with 與……搏斗 例如：The workers are fighting for their rights. 工人們?yōu)闋幦∷麄兊臋?quán)利而斗爭。 Two dogs fought for a bone, and a third ran away with it. 鷸蚌相爭，漁翁得利。 The Chinese fought against the Japanese Army for peace. 中國人民為爭取和平而同日本侵略軍作戰(zhàn)。 Young students should be ready to fight against difficulties. 青年學生要時刻準備著與困難作斗爭。 單項選擇 1. – You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? --I’m sorry I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say 2. The little girl _____ her heart out because she ____ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it. A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost C. had cried; lost D. cries; has lost 3. – Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? -- Of course. What is it? -- I _____ if you could tell e how to fill out this form. A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder 4. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ____ trying to save a child in the earth-quake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 5. The reporter said that the UFO _____ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 6. My uncle ____ until he was forty five. A. married B. didn’t many C. was not marrying D. would marry 7. An awful accident ____, however, occur the other day. A. does B. did C. has to D. had to 8. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon______ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 9. – Hey, look where you are going! -- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _____. A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice 10. Passenger: Look out! There’s kangaroo wandering on the road! Driver: _____ it! That was lucky. It can damage my car really badly. A. Missing B. To miss C. Missed D. Miss 11. – What’s the weather like tomorrow, John? -- Well, I _____ it, for the scenic pictures drew my attention as the weather forecast was going on. A. was missing B. missed C. will miss D. had missed 12. Shirley _____ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 13. – Alice, why didn’t you e yesterday? -- I _____ , but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 14. I saw Sue but she didn’t see me. She ______ the other way. A. was looking B. looked C. had looked D. would look 15. ______ in 1963, and _______ in Philadelphia, Charles Pettigrew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz. A. Being born; having raised B. Born; raised C. Was born; was raised D. Born; was raised 16. Slowly the old woman took out her pocket book, and an old photograph _____ out of it. A. dropped B. was dropped C. was dropping D. had been dropped 17. The government responded quickly, and new measures _____ which strengthened their powers A. passed B. past C. were passed D. had passed 18. It was a great party, thank you. But Jill, why _____ you _____ more friends to e? A. haven’t; invited B. don’t; invite C. didn’t; invite D. won’t; invite 19. The nurse ____ at great Stapleton for only a few weeks when the sick officer was murdered. A. was being B. would be C. was D. had been 20. The boy came ____ in, with a _____ look on his face. A. rush, surprising B. run, surprised C. rushing, surprised D. running, surprising Lesson 3 Sports stars同步輔導與測試 現(xiàn)在完成時用法解析 1.構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。 2.用法 （1）表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了） （2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。 如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教） I haven’t seen her for four years. 我有四年沒見到她了。 （3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時間狀語。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京二次。 3.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 （1）現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。 a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。 c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾年他去過那里三次了。 d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I havent. 今天你見過他嗎？我 沒有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那里多少次？ （2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像e,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換： arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead e back→be back leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或 be a member of… close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study e to work→work等 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。 We have studied English for three years. 我們（開始）學英語已三年了。 4.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較： I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說明） 5.幾點注意事項 （1）have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never,several times等連用，后者則不能。如： They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （2）如單純表示一段時間，或強調(diào)一段時間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。 （3）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。 如：I havent left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。 Lesson 4 Superhero同步輔導與測試 難句解疑 1. But people all over the world will always remember him as a superman. 但是全世界的人民將他作為一個超級英雄而銘記。 be famous for 以……而著稱；be famous as 作為……而聞名；remember as…(be remember as) 作為……而（被）銘記……；remember for … (be remembered for) 因……而（被）銘記 for 用來表示原因， as 接職業(yè)身份類名詞。 例: Edison was famous as an inventor for his great inventions. 愛迪生是一位以其偉大發(fā)明而聞名于世的發(fā)明家。 Martin Luther King will always be remembered as a hero for his great contributions in fighting against racism. 馬丁路德金為反對種族歧視作出巨大貢獻的影響將用為世人懷念。 類似的詞組還有：be known as 作為……而為人所知；be known for 因……而有名。 2. Since that moment I have never thought of giving up. 從那一刻起，我再沒想過放棄。 give up 放棄（接賓語或不接賓語） The doctor has warned him many time to give up drinking. 醫(yī)生多次勸告他要戒酒。 注意：以下動詞詞組的區(qū)分： Give away 贈送 Give in 投降；屈服 Give off 散發(fā)，發(fā)出 Give over 交給，讓給 Give up 放棄 Give out 分發(fā)，散發(fā) 3. The five men and two women crew, which included the first Indian born astronaut, all died. 五男二女，其中包括第一位印度籍宇航員，全部遇難。 include 包括，包含 1） 用作及物動詞，后面要接賓語或用于被動語態(tài) My plan includes most of your suggestion. 我的計劃包括了你的大部分建議 2） 常用分詞短語起補充說明作用，included 是形容詞（過去分詞）， 意為“包括在內(nèi)的”，置于名詞之后。 Many schools were praised at the meeting, including our school. Many school were praised at the meeting, our school included. Unit2 Heroes單元測驗卷 第一節(jié)：語法和詞匯知識(共30小題；每小題1.5分，滿分45分) 從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 1. I had ______ feeling of happiness when I heard that he had made ______ great progress. A. a; a B. the; aC. the; 不填 D. a; 不填 2. —I did very poorly on last week’s test. — ______ Look at your paper. You got a good mark. A. Oh, e off it! B. Absolutely.C. You’ve got a point there. D. You’re dead right. 3. She has been given three free tickets for tomorrow’s concert and she ______ there with two of her best friends. A. has goneB. is goingC. has beenD. went 4. —Mike, please don’t make so much noise. —Pardon? —I ______ you not to make so much noise. A. tellB. had told C. toldD. will tell 5. ______jobs will be lost if the pany closes down. A. Hundred of B. Five hundred of C. Hundreds ofD. Five hundreds of 6. It is known to us all that the People’s Republic of China ______ on October 1, 1949. A. was founded B. was found C. foundedD. is found 7. Peter had ______ his career in law to bee a teacher. A. given up B. given in C. given offD. given away 8. The problem is _____ difficult for me _____ solve. A. so; to B. quite; toC. too; to D. very; to 9. In my opinion, obviously, night-time is when children can begin to learn to feel confident ______, without being dependent on anyone else. A. by their own B. on their ownC. with their own D. to their own 10. She attended some courses, including typing and book-keeping, because she was ______ to get a good job. A. confidentB. skilfulC. fortunateD. keen 11. The pany is famous ______ selling lots of cheap books over the web. A. of B. inC. forD. as 12. You have no idea how she finished the relay race ______her foot wounded so much. A. for B. whenC. with D. while 13. The poor woman goes to ______prison once a year to see her husband who is in______prison. A. a; theB. the; the C. the; 不填D. 不填; 不填 14. We were going out for a Christmas meal together ______ the accident happened. A. unless B. untilC. whileD. when 15. It is one of the funniest things ______on the Internet so far this year. A. finding 　　 B. being found C. to find　　D. found 16. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _______ in a short period. A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve 17. _______it is to jump out of an airplane at 10,000 feet! A. What an exciting experience B. How exciting experience C. How an exciting experience D. What exciting experience 18. After the long journey, the three of them went back home,_______. A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired 19. —Did you see a man in black pass by just now? —No, Sir. I_______ newspaper. A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading 20. —_______when has the country been open to international trade? — 1978,I suppose. A. Since B. In C. From D. After 21. —Were you all frightened at the sound of the fire alarm? — No. Everyone stayed _______ and obeyed the police. A. quiet B. calm C. silent D. peaceful 22. All the neighbors admire this family_______ the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that 23. The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally______. A. pulled outB. pulled through C. pulled upD. pulled over 24. Every possible means _______to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used