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2019-2020年外研版高中英語(yǔ)選修7《Module 3 Literature》（Section 2）word教案 1. The bowls never needed washing, as the boys cleaned them with their spoons, trying to eat every bit of soup.粥碗從來用不著洗，孩子們費(fèi)用湯匙把碗刮得重又明光正亮了才放手，試圖吃掉每一點(diǎn)粥。 一、 need washing=need to be washed “need”既可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，但是它們的用法不同。 1)作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的“need”的用法與其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“can”，“may”，“must”的用法基本相同：在限定動(dòng)詞詞組中總是位居第一，沒有非限定形式，即沒有不定式、-ing分詞或-ed分詞等形式；第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)沒有詞形變化；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之間是相互排斥的，即在一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞詞組中只能有一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。下面是“need”作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法： a. need表示“需要”或“必須”，通常用于否定句和疑問句。例如： You needn’t do it again．你不需要再做了。 He needn’t worry about it．這件事他無需擔(dān)心。 Need he do this homework first？他需要先做這些作業(yè)嗎？ Need they fill in the form？他們需要填表嗎？ b.在否定句中，可以用need的否定形式＋不定式完成體。例如： We needn’t have worried．其實(shí)我們不必要慌。 You needn’t have mentioned it．你本來不必提起這件事。 You needn’t have said that when he asked．當(dāng)他問的時(shí)候，你其實(shí)不必要說。 c. needn’t后的不定式間或也能用進(jìn)行式或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： He needn’t be standing in the rain．他不必要站在雨中。 We needn’t be waiting in this place．我們不必要在這兒等。 The hedges needn’t be trimmed this week．本周樹蘺不必要整修。 2)“need”作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常用法是： 人＋need ＋to do 物＋need ＋doing 物＋need ＋to be done 另外，“need”后還可以直接跟名詞。請(qǐng)看下面的例子： We need to collect the parcel before we leave for England．去英國(guó)之前，我們需要收拾好行李。 We need to tell him the truth．我們需要告訴他真相。 My car needs repairing．我的汽車需要修理。 The flowers need watering．這些花需要澆水。 His leather shoes needs to be mended．他的皮鞋需要修補(bǔ)。 Her room needs cleaning．她的房間需要打掃。 It is a question that needs very careful consideration．這是一個(gè)需要慎重考慮的問題。 I need a watch．我需要一塊手表。 二、as 還可以引導(dǎo)其他從句。例如： 1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句： He noticed someone nodding to him as he got off the bus. 下車時(shí)，他注意到有人沖他點(diǎn)頭。 2)引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句： He told them to watch carefully and do as he did. 他要他們仔細(xì)觀察并照著他做。 3)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句： Old as he is, he works as energetically as young people.他雖然上了年紀(jì)，干起活來卻跟年輕人的勁頭一樣大。 4)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句： As is announced in today’s paper, he is to visit China next Monday.今天報(bào)紙有報(bào)道，他下周一將訪問中國(guó)。 2. Oliver Twist and his panions slowly starved for three months until finally, they became quite wild with hunger. 三個(gè)月以來，奧利弗 特威斯特和同伴們一起忍受著慢性饑餓的煎熬，到后來餓得快瘋了。 with表原因,理由,“為...,因...,”表此用法時(shí)多半與表情緒的詞連用。 John was in bed with high fever. 約翰因發(fā)燒臥床。 He jumped up with joy. 他因高興跳起來。 Father is often excited with wine. 父親常因白酒變的興奮。 3.There was one boy who was tall for his age, and was not used to being hungry all the time, as his father had kept a small cook shop. 其中有個(gè)男孩，個(gè)子較同齡人高，而且不習(xí)慣總這么挨餓，因?yàn)樗赣H開過一家小飯鋪。 1) used to 和be used to 的區(qū)別 a. used to + do：“過去常?！北硎具^去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。 Mother used not to be so forgetful.　 Scarf used to take a walk. (過去常常散步) b. be used to + doing： 對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣，或“習(xí)慣于”，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。 He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. (現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步) Are you used to the dry weather there? 你們習(xí)慣那里的干燥的氣候么？ She’s been used to driving to work every day. 她已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了每天開車去上班。 2) would和 used to a. would與used to都可用來表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常?？梢該Q用。如： When we were boys we used to/would go swimming every summer. 小時(shí)候，每到夏天我們都要去游泳。 He used to/would spend every penny he earned on books．過去，他通常把掙來的錢全花在買書上。 would與used to都不能用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體頻度或具體的一段時(shí)間。例如，不能說： I would/used to go to France six times． He used to live in Africa for twenty years． 上兩句應(yīng)改成： I went to France six times． 我去過法國(guó)6次。 He lived in Africa for twenty years. 他在非洲住過20年。 b. would與used to的區(qū)別主要有以下幾點(diǎn)： ① used to可指過去的狀態(tài)或情況，would則不能。如： School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he’d overcharged a customer．（不能用would） 過去，學(xué)校的孩子們都知道亞伯拉罕林肯怎樣步行5英里退還多收顧客1便士的故事。 Yet，he cannot but remember China as it used to be．然而，他不會(huì)不記得舊日的中國(guó)（不能用would）。 ② would表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如果某一動(dòng)作沒有反復(fù)性，就不能用 would，只能用 used to。例如： And from that day on, as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone. Mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice. 從那天起，只要碗盤撤掉、飯桌一清理干凈，媽媽就馬上躲進(jìn)做針線活的房間練習(xí)起來。（具有反復(fù)性） I used to live in Beijing．我過去住在北京。（沒有反復(fù)性） ③ used to表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束，would則表示有可能再發(fā)生。如： People used to believe that the earth was flat．過去，人們總以為地球是扁平的。（現(xiàn)在已不再這樣認(rèn)為） He would go to the park as soon as he was free．過去，他一有空就去公園。（現(xiàn)在有可能再去） 注意：used to的否定式和疑問句: 過去我不喜歡歌劇。I used not to like opera. /I usedn’t to like opera. /I didn’t use to like opera． 過去你喜歡歌劇嗎？Used you to like opera? /Did you use to like opera？ Didn’t you use to like opera? 你過去不喜歡歌劇嗎？ You used to like opera, didn’t you? 你過去喜歡歌劇，是嗎？ There used to be a church here, usedn’t there? 過去這里有座教堂，是不是？