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1、 精品資料 Section_ⅢLearning_about_Language Ⅰ.高頻單詞點擊 1．shabby (adj.)破舊的；襤褸的→shabbiness (n.)邋遢 2．rainbow (n.)彩虹 3．a(chǎn)cute (adj.)敏銳的→acutely (adv.)銳利地→acuteness (n.)敏銳；銳利 4．bent (adj.)彎曲的→bend (v.)彎曲 (n.)轉(zhuǎn)彎；彎曲 5．currency (n.)貨幣；通貨→current (adj.)通用的；現(xiàn)在的 (n.)潮流→currently (

2、adv.)目前；當(dāng)前 6．cuisine (n.)烹飪(法) 7．educator (n.)教育家→educate (v.)教育→education (n.)教育 8．seminar (n.) 研討會；討論發(fā)言會 9．a(chǎn)cquisition (n.)獲得；習(xí)得→acquire (v.)獲得→acquired (adj.)習(xí)得的；養(yǎng)成的 10．ballet (n.)芭蕾舞 11．a(chǎn)lbum (n.)?。粌?；唱片集 Ⅱ.常用句型必備 I opened the oven to_find my daughter’s cake on fire. Ⅲ.單元語法聚焦 The Subju

3、nctive Mood (虛擬語氣) 1．shabby adj. (1)破舊的；襤褸的 You looked rather shabby in those clothes. 你穿那種衣服看上去很寒酸。 He is a tramp in shabby clothes. 他是個衣衫襤褸的流浪漢。 (2)卑鄙的；不公正的 He gave me a shabby excuse. 他給了我一個不正當(dāng)?shù)慕杩凇? [即境活用1]　　完成句子 (1)The old captain returned in_shabby_clothes (穿著破舊的衣服)． (2)The boss of

4、ten plays_a_shabby_trick (耍卑鄙的手段) on his workers. 2．a(chǎn)cute adj. (1)敏銳的 She still has very acute hearing, though she is eighty years old. 盡管她已經(jīng)八十歲了，但她的聽覺仍然很靈敏。 (2)[醫(yī)]急性的；劇烈的 My legs are in acute pain. 我的腿痛得厲害。 acutely adv.　　　　 銳利地；劇烈地 acuteness n. 敏銳；銳利 [即境活用2]　 用acute的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)He must h

5、ave felt acutely disappointed when his job went to another man. (2)She complained of acute pains in her chest. 3．bent adj.彎曲的；一心的 The handle is bent. 手柄彎曲了。 bend v．& n．　　　　　 彎曲；轉(zhuǎn)彎 bend (sb.) to ... (使某人)屈從于…… bend one’s knees 屈膝 be bent on (doing) sth. 決心，專心致志做某事 He is bent on winnin

6、g at all costs. 他決心不惜一切去爭取勝利。 We’ll not bend to the will of anyone. 我們不會屈從于任何人的意志。 [即境活用3]　　單句改錯 (1)He tried to bend his daughter under his wishes. under→to (2)She is bent to becoming a film star when she grows up. to→on 4．a(chǎn)cquisition n．[U]取得；獲得；習(xí)得；[C]獲得物；增添的人(或物) Some people are only inte

7、rested in the acquisition of wealth. 有些人只對獲取財富感興趣。 This is the latest acquisition to my library. 這本是我最近增添的藏書。 acquire vt.　　　　 取得；獲得；學(xué)到(知識等) acquired adj. 養(yǎng)成的；習(xí)得的 He acquired much knowledge of repairing computers. 他獲得了許多電腦維修知識。 With the help of his English teacher, he acquired many good met

8、hods of English learning. 在英語老師的幫助下，他學(xué)到了許多英語學(xué)習(xí)的好方法。 [即境活用4]　 用acquisition的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)How did he acquire the habit of stealing? (2)He is a valuable acquisition to the team. (3)Abstract art is an acquired taste. 　I opened the oven to_find my daughter’s cake on fire. 我打開烤箱發(fā)現(xiàn)女兒的蛋糕著火了。 to find .

9、..是不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示意料之外的結(jié)果。在該用法中，不定式的前面常常帶有only。 He hurried to school only to find the gate locked. 他匆匆趕到學(xué)校結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)大門關(guān)著。 溫馨提示： -ing形式作結(jié)果狀語時，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。 He fell from the tree, breaking his left leg. 他從樹上掉下來，把左腿摔斷了。 [即境活用5]　　完成句子 (1)John hurried to the theatre, only_to_find_the_tickets_had_been_sold_ou

10、t (結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)票已經(jīng)賣完了)． (2)The typhoon hit the coast，leaving_many_people_homeless (使得很多人無家可歸)． 虛 擬 語 氣 虛擬語氣表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設(shè)等，一般常用于正式的書面語中。 一、虛擬語氣在條件句中的運用 1．虛擬語氣在條件句中的謂語動詞形式如下： if條件從句 主句 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 did/were should/could/might/ would＋動詞原形 與過去事實相反 had

11、＋過去分詞 should/could/might/ would＋have done 與將來事實相反 did/should＋動詞原形/were to＋動詞原形 should/could/might/ would＋動詞原形 If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again. 如果我年輕10歲，我會從頭開始的。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反) You might have seen Mr.Smith if you had attended the lecture. 如果你參加了講座，你也許會見到史密斯先生的。(與過去事實相反) I

12、f it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. 假如明天下雨，我們就待在家里。(與將來事實相反) 2．虛擬條件句的省略和倒裝 如果條件句中的if省略，須把條件句中的were, had, should放在條件從句的主語前面，從而構(gòu)成倒裝語序。 Had it not been for his help, I couldn’t have finished the work in time. 要不是他的幫助，我是不會及時完成這個工作的。 Were you a bird, you could fly in the sky. 如果你是一只小

13、鳥，就能在天空中飛翔了。 3．錯綜時間條件句(混合虛擬語氣) 當(dāng)虛擬語氣的主從句所指的時間不一致時，應(yīng)該根據(jù)各自謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間采用相應(yīng)的形式。 If you had taken my advice, you would know what to do now. 要是那時你聽我勸告的話，你現(xiàn)在就知道該做什么了。 4．含蓄虛擬條件句 有時假設(shè)的條件不通過條件從句表達(dá)出來，而是暗含在單詞、短語或上下文中，這時需要根據(jù)句中所表述的意義以及某些特定的信息詞來判斷此時需要采用的形式。常用詞或短語有：without, but for, or, otherwise, with, but, ev

14、en, in case of等。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果給予更多的關(guān)注，這些樹就會長得更好。 Without/But for your help I couldn’t have returned home safely. 要不是你的幫助，我是不會安全回家的。 He would have gone to the party, but he was ill yesterday. 他昨天想去參加宴會，但是那時他病了。 The firemen arrived in time.Otherwise

15、 the house would have been burnt to the ground. 消防隊員及時趕到了，不然的話，房子就燒毀了。 二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用 1．賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 (1)在表示堅持、命令、建議、要求等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語用“should＋動詞原形”，should可省略。 一堅持：insist 二命令：order, command 三建議：suggest, propose, advise 四要求：request, require, demand, ask The doctor advised that he (should) chang

16、e his job. 醫(yī)生勸他換工作。 溫馨提示：suggest表“暗示；表明”，insist表“堅持認(rèn)為”時，不用虛擬語氣。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他臉上的笑容表明他對我們的工作很滿意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢。 (2)wish后的賓語從句 時間 謂語動詞的虛擬形式 對現(xiàn)在的虛擬 一般過去時(be動詞常用were) 對將來的虛擬 would/cou

17、ld/might＋動詞原形 對過去的虛擬 had＋過去分詞 I wish I remembered his E-mail. 我希望我記得他的郵箱地址。(現(xiàn)在) I wish I had studied hard. 我多么希望我那時學(xué)習(xí)刻苦。(過去) I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我們一塊去。(將來) (3)would rather后的賓語從句也要用虛擬語氣，一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?，過去完成時表示與過去事實相反。 I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天來。 I’d ra

18、ther you had passed the exam. 我寧愿你通過了考試。 2．主語從句中的虛擬語氣 It is desired/suggested/proposed/required/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity＋that從句，從句中謂語動詞用should＋動詞原形，should可以省略。 It is important that you should come here soon. 你快點來很重要。 It is suggested that the old man should be sent to hospital

19、 immediately. 有人建議立即把老人送往醫(yī)院。 3．表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣 advice, demand, desire, order, request, suggestion, proposal, requirement, recommendation等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。 We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing. 我們都同意他讓我們?nèi)ゴ筮B旅游的建議。 Their desir

20、e was that a treaty should be signed at once. 他們的愿望是馬上簽訂協(xié)約。 三、虛擬語氣的其他用法 1．even if (though)，as if (though)從句以及if only后的句子常用虛擬語氣。 時間 謂語動詞的虛擬形式 對過去的虛擬 had＋過去分詞 對現(xiàn)在的虛擬 一般過去時(be動詞常用were) 對將來的虛擬 would/could/might＋動詞原形 He treats the little girl as if she were his own daughter. 他對待這個小女孩就像她是自己的親

21、生女兒一樣。 If only I had seen the film! 我要是看了那部電影多好??！ 溫馨提示：even if (though)如果敘述的是事實，as if(though)如果有明顯的跡象表示“有可能實現(xiàn)的事實”時，不用虛擬語氣。 It is so cloudy.It looks as if it is going to rain. 陰天了，似乎要下雨。 2．It is (high/about) time that ...結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語動詞要用過去時或用“should＋動詞原形(但should不可省略)”來表示虛擬語氣。 It is (about) time th

22、at we had/should have a holiday. 是我們該度假的時候了。 It is high time that you taught/should teach him a lesson. 你該教訓(xùn)一下他了。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．He hurried to the station only to_find (find) that the train had left. 2．I’d rather you had_seen (see) the film yesterday. 3．Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ha

23、d_followed(follow) your advice. 4．Doctors in this hospital recommended that the patient (should)_do (do) some light manual labor. 5．He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would_have_scored(score) a goal. 6．Though he looked shabby (shabbiness) in the old clothes, he was a

24、wealthy man. 7．His hearing is acute (acutely), so he is bent on becoming a musician. 8．Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until the same time next week. 9．If we had_taken (take) such effective measures much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously now. 10．Bu

25、t for your advice, I would_have_been_caught(catch) in the traffic and I wouldn’t have been there on time. Ⅱ.用虛擬語氣完成下列片段 朋友們建議為瑪麗舉行一個生日聚會。昨天晚上當(dāng)所有的工作完成之后，我本應(yīng)該去參加聚會的。據(jù)說瑪麗認(rèn)為昨天能遇見我就好了。如果昨晚我參加了聚會，一切都會不一樣。是我該向她道歉的時候了，我真心希望我能做點什么來安慰她。我寧愿現(xiàn)在就去。 My friends had made a proposal that we (should)_hold a party f

26、or Mary’s birthday.With all the work finished, I should_have_gone_to the party last night.It was said that Mary wished she had_met me yesterday.If I _had_gone_to the party last night, everything would_have_been_different. It’s time I made_an_apology to her.I sincerely wish that I could_do_something

27、to comfort her.I’d rather I went now. Ⅲ.完形填空 To master a language one must be able to speak and understand the spoken language as well as to read and write it.Lenin and his wife Krupskaya __1__ a long English book into Russian.But when they went to England in 1902, __2__ people couldn’t understand

28、 a word they said and they couldn’t understand __3__ was said to them. These days more and more foreigners are coming to China and __4__ Chinese are going out to foreign countries to work or study.__5__ the spoken language is becoming more and more important. Speaking, of course, can’t go without

29、__6__.If you want to pronounce a word __7__， first you must hear it correctly.If you don’t listen carefully, you’ll find it difficult or even __8__ to understand the native speakers. Well, what about writing？Like speaking, it’s to __9__ ideas.People generally use shorter words and shorter sentences

30、 in their writing.The important thing is to make your idea __10__ in your head and then to write it in clear and lively language. Chinese students read far too slowly.If you read fast, you __11__ better.If you read too slowly, by the time you have reached the end of a page you have forgotten what t

31、he __12__ is about.When you __13__ new words, don’t look them up in the dictionary.Guess the meaning from the __14__.You may not guess quite correctly the first time, but as new words __15__ again and again in different contexts, their meaning will become clearer and clearer.If you look up every wor

32、d, you’ll never __16__ a book. Students of a foreign language need a __17__ knowledge, the knowledge of the life, history and geography of the people whose __18__ they are studying.They should study these subjects in the foreign language, not only in translation.In this way one __19__ kill two bird

33、s with one stone：learn a foreign language and __20__ some knowledge of the foreign country at the same time. 1．A.taken　　　　　　 　B．kept C．wrote D．translated 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文的意思可以判斷：列寧和其夫人雖然能將長篇英語書譯成俄語，卻很難與英國人交流。translate ... into ...“把……譯成……”。 2．A.English B．Russian C．Chinese D．French 解析：選A　結(jié)合上文，他

34、們?nèi)サ氖怯虼藨?yīng)該是英國人聽不懂他們說的英語。 3．A.how B．what C．why D．which 解析：選B　強(qiáng)調(diào)“所說的話”，what與say有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，而say用的是被動語態(tài)，因此what是賓語從句的主語。 4．A.few B．much C．more D．some 解析：選C　與上文聯(lián)系可判斷應(yīng)填more。與上文more and more相對應(yīng)。 5．A.So B．But C．Then D．Or 解析：選A　上下文之間是因果關(guān)系，因此填So。 6．A.listening B．saying C．reading D．wr

35、iting 解析：選A　下文的hear及語篇已給出暗示，另外“聽”與“說”相對應(yīng)。 7．A.wrongly B．correctly C．quickly D．slowly 解析：選B　根據(jù)下文意思可以判斷，要想發(fā)音正確，首先得聽正確。 8．A.important B．impossible C．impatient D．imaginable 解析：選B　由上文的don’t listen carefully可以判斷：如果不仔細(xì)聽，是不可能聽懂本地人講話的。 9．A.change B．exchange C．give D．know 解析：選B　exchange

36、ideas“交流觀點，交換看法”。 10．A.clear B．clean C．clever D．close 解析：選A　根據(jù)下文的“to write it in clear and lively language”可以得出結(jié)論。 11．A.forget B．understand C．reach D．guess 解析：選B　根據(jù)本段大意可知：如果讀得快，理解得就會更好。 12．A.end B．beginning C．middle D．front 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文的reached the end of a page可以判斷：應(yīng)該用beginning與e

37、nd相對應(yīng)。 13．A.work on B．look for C．meet with D．put down 解析：選C　根據(jù)句意：遇到生詞，不要急于查詞典，應(yīng)選meet with“遇見”。 14．A.words B．dictionary C．context D．topic 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文可知應(yīng)填“上下文(context)”。句意為：根據(jù)上下文來猜測詞義。 15．A.go up B．rise up C．bring up D．come up 解析：選D　句意為：隨著生詞不斷地在上、下文中出現(xiàn)，……，因此應(yīng)選come up“出現(xiàn)”。 16．A.sta

38、rt B．finish C．last D．read 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文可知句意為：如果查閱每個生詞，那就不能完成(finish)一本書。 17．A.particular B．special C．main D．common 解析：選A　句意為：學(xué)外語的學(xué)生需要“特定的”知識。particular“特定的；獨特的”；而special表示“專門的”；C、D兩項均不合句意。 18．A.family B．country C．language D．culture 解析：選C　由上文可知：學(xué)習(xí)外語需要了解當(dāng)?shù)氐牡乩碇R。whose作定語修飾language充當(dāng)stu

39、dy的邏輯賓語。 19．A.should B．must C．can D．shall 解析：選C　句意為：用這種辦法一個人能夠(can)做到一石二鳥。 20．A.bring B．show C．make D．get 解析：選D　與本段開頭第一句話相呼應(yīng)，應(yīng)填get“獲得；得到”。 Ⅳ.閱讀理解 We live in a sweet world. The average American kid consumes more than 20 teaspoons of sugar per day, and adults eat 50% more sugar today t

40、han they did in the 1970s. We all know that too much sugar isn’t good for you. But did we know it could be dangerous? A team of researchers at the University of Utah used mice to conduct a study on the negative effects of sugar. They found it could have serious effects on people’s health. Sugar is

41、found not only in sweets, but also in many other items like bread and noodles. During the 58-week-long study, mice were fed a diet containing 25% more sugar. This percentage equals a healthy human diet along with three cans of soda daily. The team found that these mice were twice as likely to die a

42、s mice fed a similar diet without the sugar. Though the mice did not show signs of obesity or high blood pressure, male mice produced 25% fewer offspring (幼崽，后代) than the other mice. Scientists often use mice for research because they have a similar genetic (基因) structure to humans. “Since most sub

43、stances that are dangerous in mice are also dangerous in people, it’s likely that those physical problems that cause those mice to have increased deaths also work in people，” says James Ruff of the University of Utah. Findings from this study reveal negative effects that are not as noticeable as hea

44、rt problems. Sugar can contribute to long-term changes in the body that can change development and even shorten lives. Cutting sugar out of the American diet altogether may be difficult. But making the effort to control our nation’s sugar desire will provide for a truly sweeter future. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說

45、明文。很多美國人都愛吃甜食。但是最近美國猶他大學(xué)的研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，攝入過多的糖分有害健康。這為愛吃甜食的人們敲響了警鐘。 1．The study conducted by researchers aimed at learning about ________. A．the advantages and disadvantages of sugar B．the negative effects of sugar on people’s health C．the genetic structure of mice D．Americans’ eating habit 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題

46、。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“A team of researchers ... effects on people’s health.” 可知，研究者們進(jìn)行研究是為了了解糖分對人體健康造成的負(fù)面影響。故答案選B。 2．According to the study, which of the following statements is WRONG? A．Sugar can even shorten lives. B．Sugar’s negative effects are not noticeable. C．Eating sugar can make mice put on weight

47、and get high blood pressure. D．Mice are more likely to die when fed a diet containing 25% more sugar. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，糖分可以長時間作用于人體，攝入過多甚至?xí)s短壽命，所以A項表述正確；根據(jù)第四段第三句可知，糖分對人體的負(fù)面影響沒有那么顯著，所以B項表述正確；根據(jù)第三段第一句和第三句可知，老鼠吃了含糖量超過25%的食物更有可能會死亡，所以D項表述正確；根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，吃糖不一定會使老鼠的體重增加或引起高血壓，所以C項表述不正確。故答案選C。 3．F

48、rom the passage we can infer ________. A．sugar plays a very important role in Americans’ diet B．kids consume more sugar than adults in America C．sugar contributes to high blood pressure D．the genetic structure of mice is totally different from that of people 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句及最后一段第一句可推知，糖在美國人的飲食中起很大的作用。故答案選A。 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Living a sweet life B．Kids consume much more sugar C．Genetic structure of humans D．Danger of too much sugar 解析：選D　標(biāo)題歸納題?？v觀全文可知，文章主要介紹了最近美國猶他大學(xué)的最新研究成果：攝入過多的糖分有害健康。這為愛吃甜食的人們敲響了警鐘。D項概括了文章主旨。故答案選D。