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1、人教版英語精品資料（精修版） 　　　[語法初識] 原句感知 自主探究 ①Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. ②Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. ③Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in

2、 spring and harvest in autumn. ④For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 以上四個(gè)句子都使用了情態(tài)動詞。其中，句①中的can表示許可，意為“可以”；句② 中的might表示推測，意為“可能會”；句③中的would表示過去習(xí)慣性動作，意為“過去常會”；句④中的should表示勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該”。 [語法剖析] 語法點(diǎn)一 基本特征 1.情態(tài)動詞有一定的詞義，不能

3、單獨(dú)作謂語，需和實(shí)義動詞或系動詞一起作謂語。 The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 電腦能識別人的聲音，這種想法使很多人感到吃驚。 They must be in the classroom. 他們一定在教室里。 2．情態(tài)動詞一般無人稱和數(shù)的變化，個(gè)別情態(tài)動詞有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)變化。 Mary can speak three languages. 瑪麗會說三種語言。 I could drive a car before I left school. 畢業(yè)前我就會

4、開車。 3．構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)，not放在其后面。 My brother can't swim. 我弟弟不會游泳。 4．情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形。 You will do as I told you. 你得照我說的去做。 He might come tomorrow, but I am not quite sure. 他可能明天來，但我拿不準(zhǔn)。 即時(shí)演練1 單句改錯(cuò) ①We should to study hard for our motherland and ourselves.去掉to ②She can sings that song in English. sings→

5、sing ③This book doesn't must be removed from the library.doesn't_must→mustn't 語法點(diǎn)二 基本用法 1．can與could的用法 (1)表示能力：can用來表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過去的能力。 I can play basketball now, but I couldn't when I was young. 現(xiàn)在我會打籃球了，但小時(shí)候我不會。 (2)表示請求和許可：could語氣比can委婉，但回答時(shí)只能用can。 —Could you show me the way? —Yes, I

6、 can. ——你能否告訴我怎么去？ ——可以的(沒問題)。 (3)表示推測，意為“可能”。多用于否定句或疑問句。 That can't be Mary — she's in hospital. 那不可能是瑪麗——她在住院。 (4)表示理論上或習(xí)慣上的可能性，意為“可能會”。 Scotland can be very warm in September. 九月的蘇格蘭可能會非常暖和。 [辨析]　 can 用于指現(xiàn)在，常表示自身具有的能力 could 用于指過去，常表示泛指過去的能力 be able to 用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，表示經(jīng)過努力后所具有的能力 I can/

7、am able to reach the apples. 我能夠到蘋果。 When I was young, I could climb any tree in the woods. 小時(shí)候樹林里的樹我都能爬上去。 He will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。 即時(shí)演練2 選出下列句中can/could的含義 A．表示能力　　　　　　B．表示推測 C．表示請求和許可 D．表示理論或習(xí)慣上的可能性 ①Look! Someone is coming! Who can it be？__B__ ②I

8、can speak English fluently while he can't.__A__ ③Even an experienced doctor can make a mistake.__D__ ④—Could I use your computer? —Yes, you can.__C__ 2．may與might的用法 (1)表示征求對方的許可或允許對方做某事(不用might)。 —May I come in? —Yes, you may/can./No, you can't. ——我可以進(jìn)來嗎？ ——是的，你可以進(jìn)來。/不行，你不能進(jìn)來。 You may com

9、e if you wish. 如果你想來，你就來。 (2)表示推測(把握不大)，意為“可能”，多用于肯定句。might比may可能性更小。 Anna may know my phone number. 安娜可能知道我的電話號碼。 It may/might rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能會下雨。 (3)may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 祝你成功！ May you have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快！ 即時(shí)演練3 完成句子 ①A one-hour walk may_not_help_you

10、lose a few pounds in a single day, but its long-term health benefit can never be ignored. 每天一個(gè)小時(shí)的行走鍛煉也許不能使你在一天之內(nèi)減掉幾磅，但是它長期的健康益處絕不能被忽視。 ②Life is unpredictable; even the poorest might_become_the_richest． 生活是不可預(yù)料的，即使是最貧窮的人也可能成為最有錢的人。 3．will與would的用法 (1)表示意志或意愿，意為“會；想；要”等。多表示從主語的主觀意志出發(fā)，愿意做某事。 If

11、your father will go climbing, please take him there if you are free. 如果你父親愿意爬山，你有空的話，帶他去那里。 I would like to have a word with you. 我想跟你說句話。 My parents won't allow me to stay out late. 我的父母不會允許我在外待到很晚。 (2)表示請求或建議，多用于疑問句。would語氣更委婉。 Will/Would you tell me how to get to the shopping mall? 你可以告

12、訴我怎么去購物中心嗎？ Would you pass me the bottle? 請你遞給我那個(gè)瓶子好嗎？ (3)表示習(xí)慣性動作或客觀真理，意為“總是；老是”。will表示現(xiàn)在，would 表示過去。 She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. 他獨(dú)自在房間里聽音樂，一聽往往就是幾小時(shí)。 Oil will float on water. 油總是浮在水面上。 He would be nervous when he met strangers. 遇見陌生人時(shí)他總是很緊張。 [辨析]　 would 表示過

13、去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作不強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還是否經(jīng)常發(fā)生 used to 表示過去常常做某事，但現(xiàn)在不這樣做了 He would go to the park as soon as he was free. 過去，他一有空就去公園。(動作反復(fù)發(fā)生，現(xiàn)在還有可能再去) People used to believe that the earth was flat. 過去，人們總以為地球是扁平的。(表示過去的動作，但現(xiàn)在已不再這樣認(rèn)為) 即時(shí)演練4 完成句子 ①She doesn't get up so early as_she_used_to． 她不像以前那樣起得那么早了。 ②She

14、 said that she would_buy_a_car． 她說她會買一輛汽車。 ③Would_you_please_open/Would_you_mind_opening the window for me? 請你為我打開窗戶好嗎？ ④As is known to all, fish will_die without water. 眾所周知，沒有水魚就會死。 4．shall與should的用法 (1)shall用于疑問句中多表示征求建議，主要用于第一、三人稱。 Shall he come to see you ? 要他來看你嗎？ (2)shall用于肯定句中多表示說話

15、者的允諾、告誡、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等，主要用于第二、三人稱。 Persons under 18 shall not be employed in night work. 不滿十八歲的人不得雇用做夜間工作。 (3)should表示勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該；要”。 You should do as I told you. 你應(yīng)該照我說的去做。 (4)should表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，意為“應(yīng)該；理應(yīng)”。 We should learn from each other. 我們應(yīng)該互相學(xué)習(xí)。 (5)should表示推測，意為“應(yīng)該；可能”。 She should pass her

16、chemistry final. 她應(yīng)該能通過化學(xué)期末考試。 (6)should表示驚訝或意外，意為“竟然”。 It's strange that he should come so late. 他竟然來這么遲真是奇怪。 即時(shí)演練5 單句改錯(cuò) ①What will I get for dinner？will→shall ②Shall you swim across the river？Shall→Can ③Passengers can not talk with the driver while the bus is moving.can→shall 5．must的用

17、法 (1)must表示命令或強(qiáng)烈的建議，意為“必須”。 You must practice your spoken English if you want to improve. 如果你想提高，就必須練習(xí)英語口語。 (2)表示十分肯定的推測，意為“一定；準(zhǔn)是”； 其否定結(jié)構(gòu)mustn't表示禁止，意為“不準(zhǔn)；禁止”。 Jack and Dick must be twins. They look so much alike. 杰克和狄克準(zhǔn)是雙胞胎，他們長得太像了。 (3)表示說話人的一種態(tài)度，意為“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。 Must you make so much noise w

18、hen I have a rest? 你就非得在我休息時(shí)弄出這么大的聲音嗎？ The car must break down just when I was about to start. 我正要出發(fā)時(shí)車偏偏拋錨了。 　[點(diǎn)津]　回答must問句時(shí)，肯定回答多用must；否定回答多用needn't或don't have to。 —Must I finish my homework before eight o'clock? —Yes, you must.(No, you needn't.或No, you don't have to.) ——我必須要在8點(diǎn)之前完成作業(yè)嗎？ ——

19、是的，必須。(不，沒必要。) 即時(shí)演練6 完成句子 ①If you must_go,_at least wait until the storm is over. 如果你非要走的話，至少要等暴雨停了再走。 ②She must_be_tired after such a long walk. 走了這么長的路，她一定累了。 [鏈接高考] 選詞填空 1．(2016·天津高考)It was really annoying; I couldn't get access to the data bank you had recommended.(shouldn't/couldn'

20、t) 2．(2015·北京高考)—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right.I will call him later.(can/will) 3．(2015·北京高考)—Can't you stay a little longer? —It's getting late.I really must go now. My daughter is home alone.(may/must) 4．(2015·重慶高考)You must be Carol. You haven't changed a bit afte

21、r all these years.(have to/must) 5．(2015·陜西高考)You may feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.(will/may) 6．(2015·四川高考)You must be careful with the camera.It costs！(may/must) 7．(2014·大綱卷)Although you can find bargains in London,

22、it's not generally a cheap place to shop.(can/could) 8．(2014·江蘇高考)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, should bring me food.(could/should) 9．(2014·北京高考)Can I have a word with you? It won't take long.(can/be able to) 10．(2014·四川高考)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would

23、 take me to Disneyland at weekends.(will/would) [針對演練] Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空 1．Can you imagine that he should speak to his mother like that? 2．The boy must go home now. Don't worry. 3．Can/Could I use your mobile phone? 4．Shall I let him in, Madam? 5．—May I use your computer? —No, you can't． 6．Mary

24、 could play the violin when she was five. 7．I hope the weather will be fine and you will have a good time. 8．He can't go with you; he has to study up tonight. 9．She would turn to me when she was in trouble. 10．If someone had tempted to save him, he might not have drowned. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．May_everyone

25、_be_happy! 祝大家開心！ 2．I haven't seen Alice for several years. She must_be_a_big_girl now. 我有幾年不見愛麗絲了。現(xiàn)在她一定是個(gè)大姑娘了。 3．Mike can't_be_cleaning the classroom now. I saw him playing basketball on the playground a moment ago. 邁克現(xiàn)在肯定不在打掃教室。剛剛我看見他正在操場打籃球。 4．This kind of kite made of silk won't_be_easily_

26、torn,_so don't worry about it. 這種用絲綢制作的風(fēng)箏不容易撕破，因此不用擔(dān)心。 5．This disabled bird can't fly. Could_you_help_it? 這只殘疾的鳥不能飛。你能幫幫它嗎？ 6．I hope you can_understand_me． 我希望你能理解我。 7．At the same time, I will_not_forget to go over my lesson. 同時(shí)，我不會忘記復(fù)習(xí)功課。 8．My mother gave me a hug and I could_see_satisfacti

27、on in her eyes. 我媽媽給了我一個(gè)擁抱，并且我能夠看出她眼中的滿意。 9．I must_offer my thankfulness to Jack for his kindness. 因杰克的善良，我一定要表達(dá)對他的謝意。 10．We should_avoid_hurting_others if we can't always be encouraging when we speak. 當(dāng)我們說話時(shí)，即使不能一直鼓勵(lì)他人我們也應(yīng)該避免傷害(他人)。 Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò) Last Monday, our history teacher asked us write a re

28、port about the American Civil War. To finish the homework, I went to the school library to borrow any books. Therefore, when I got there, I couldn't find the books I needed them. A librarian work there told me such books had been borrowed by others, that made we worried. I was about to leave a libra

29、ry when I meet Liu Jie, one of my friends. Before I told her my problem, she said she had a book about the topic at home. After school, I went to her home to take the books. Thanks to Liu Jie, I finished my report quickly. 答案：第一句：write前加to 第二句：any→some 第三句：Therefore→However；去掉them 第四句：work→working; that→which 第五句：a→the; meet→met 第六句：Before→After 第七句：books→book