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專(zhuān)題2　冠詞 框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖 不定冠詞的核心考點(diǎn) 1.表示數(shù)量“一”，相當(dāng)于“one”。 I’ll return in a day or two. 2.表示“同一”，相當(dāng)于“the same”。 The children are of an age. 3.表示泛指或類(lèi)指，指人或事物的某一個(gè)或某一類(lèi)。 He wants to be a doctor. A dog is a faithful animal. 4.用于首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。 Yesterday I bought a novel.It cost me 30 yuan. 5.用于某一些表示重量、長(zhǎng)度、時(shí)間等的單位前，表示“每一”。 We have meals three times a day. 6.用于專(zhuān)有名詞前表示類(lèi)似的一個(gè)或某一個(gè)，相當(dāng)于“a certain”。 A Mr Li is asking to see you. 7.與某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞連用，表示“一種/一類(lèi)/一份/一場(chǎng)/一陣/……”。 There was a heavy rain yesterday. He gave us a big surprise. 8.用于序數(shù)詞前表示“又一，再一”。 He wanted to try a second time. 9.表示季節(jié)、月份、日期、三餐的名詞前有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面可用不定冠詞。 We have a warm winter this year. This evening I had a big supper. 10.用在某些固定詞組中。 have a swim　　　　 all of a sudden once in a while as a result (of) in a hurry as a whole at a time 定冠詞的核心考點(diǎn) 1.用于上文提到過(guò)的人或事物前。 I have bought a book.The book is very useful. 2.用于說(shuō)話人與聽(tīng)話人都知道的人或事物前。 Close the window，please. 3.用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前，如：the sun。 4.用于表示方位的名詞之前，如：in the east。 5.用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)之前，如：the first，the most interesting。 6.用于“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”中，表示“越……越……”。 The more，the better. 7.用于表示兩者相比“較……的那個(gè)人或物”的比較級(jí)形式前。 Of the two students，Mary is the cleverer. 8.用于形容詞之前，使其名詞化，表示一類(lèi)人，如：the old，the poor，the dead。 9.用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞(如國(guó)名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、建筑物、報(bào)紙、會(huì)議、條約等的名稱(chēng))之前，如：the Great Wall，the United States等。 10.用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島等名詞之前，如：the West Lake。 11.用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前，表示“夫婦”或“全家”，如：the Whites。 12.用于作為課程或演奏等的西洋樂(lè)器名詞前，如：play the piano，play the violin。 13.用于表示度量單位的名詞前，如：by the day。 14.用于年代、朝代、時(shí)代名詞前，如：in the 1970s。 15.用于某些固定詞組中，如：all the time，at the age of，in the end，by the way，in the form of等。 零冠詞的情況 1.不含普通名詞的專(zhuān)有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加冠詞，如：China，America。 2.可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制時(shí)，不加冠詞。 Einstein’s theory proved to be correct. 3.季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐名稱(chēng)前一般不加冠詞，如：in March，on Sunday，have supper。 4.稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)前不加冠詞。 What shall I do next，Mother? 5.表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜、職務(wù)名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般不加冠詞。 6.學(xué)科名稱(chēng)、球類(lèi)、棋類(lèi)名稱(chēng)前不加冠詞。 7.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指一類(lèi)人或事物時(shí)，其前不加冠詞。 8.在與by連用的交通工具名稱(chēng)前不加冠詞。 9.連系動(dòng)詞turn后的表語(yǔ)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。 The young worker has turned writer. 10.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)須倒裝，though可以倒裝也可以不倒裝，其表語(yǔ)(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)置于句首時(shí)不加冠詞。 Child as he is，he knows a lot. 11.某些固定詞組中不加冠詞，如：husband and wife，arm in arm。 注意下列詞組的區(qū)別： 由于受到漢語(yǔ)的干擾，冠詞錯(cuò)用或遺漏是我們中國(guó)學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型之一。存在的誤區(qū)有以下幾種： 1.對(duì)抽象名詞具體化的應(yīng)用判斷失誤 (誤)The Christmas evening party was success. (正)The Christmas evening party was asuccess. 2.冠詞在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的誤用 3.冠詞表示類(lèi)別和不用冠詞時(shí)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (誤)In many places of China，a bicycle is still the popular means of transportation. (正)In many places of China，the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation. 考向1　表特指的定冠詞和表泛指的不定冠詞 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.(2018全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　句意為：玉米產(chǎn)量在過(guò)去的25年里增長(zhǎng)了近125%，而大米只增長(zhǎng)了7%。此處特指在過(guò)去的25年里，故填the。 2.This included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top. (2017全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　此處特指“地鐵的頂部”，故用定冠詞the。 3.Instead，she is earning ￡6,500 a day as a model in New York.(2017全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　句意為：相反，她在紐約作為一名模特每天收入6 500英鎊。用不定冠詞a表泛指。 4.For Pahlsson，its return was a wonder.(2017浙江) 解析　a wonder一個(gè)奇跡。 5.He owned a farm，which looked almost abandoned.(2015廣東) 解析　句意為：他擁有一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)看起來(lái)都快廢棄了。a 是不定冠詞，泛指“一個(gè)……”，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　句意為：去年寒假期間，我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。go to the countryside去鄉(xiāng)下，是固定搭配。 2.As kid，I loved to watch cartoons.(2018全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　這里表示“作為一個(gè)孩子”，是泛指而非特指。故把the改為a。 3.They live far from the school，and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　hour是以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞，前面要用不定冠詞an。表示“一個(gè)小時(shí)”可以用an hour也可以用one hour。 4.But in that case，we will learn little about world.(2016全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　此處特指我們所生活的這個(gè)世界。 5.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.(2016四川) 解析　此處特指“我們”家的廚房。 6.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean and the mountains are green.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　in the countryside 在鄉(xiāng)村，特指“我”的家所處的鄉(xiāng)下。 7.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　此處為復(fù)數(shù)名詞泛指一類(lèi)事物，不加冠詞。故刪除the。 考向2　固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的冠詞 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.Unexpectedly，I’m facetoface with the gorilla，who begins screaming at the top of her lungs. (2018全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　固定短語(yǔ)at the top of one’s lungs，意為“用盡量大的聲音，放聲大叫”。 2.As a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. (2017全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　as a result結(jié)果，是固定搭配。 3.On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin...The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，the other is with mum—she never suspects.(2016全國(guó)Ⅰ) 解析　由上文中的關(guān)鍵詞twin，one可知這里考查one...the other...(一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……)的用法。故答案為the。 4.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.(2016全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　讓你的身體和思想休息一會(huì)兒。固定表達(dá)for a while一會(huì)兒。 5.The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ) 解析　空格之后為形容詞的最高級(jí)形式，故填定冠詞。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016全國(guó)Ⅲ) 解析　at first起初，首先，為固定短語(yǔ)。 2.Every time he arrived home at end of the day，we’d greet him at the door.(2016浙江) 解析　at the end of在……結(jié)束時(shí)，為固定搭配。 3.On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.(2015浙江) 解析　in a hurry匆匆忙忙，為固定短語(yǔ)。 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.There is a constant beat in rap songs.The beat accounts for the popularity of rap music in clubs. 2.Last weekend，I was travelling home from Bangalore.There was a distinct lack of buses，so I thought I would escape the crowd and go for refreshment.I decided to go to a hotel near the bus stand. 3.The International Red Cross/Red Crescent exists to help the victims of conflicts and disasters regardless of their nationality.The symbol of the organization was originally just the red cross. 4.There are lots of experiences in our lives.The most unforgettable one for me is the speech petition which was held last year. 5.We have opened up a clothing shop called “Gifts of Grace” and advertised free clothing for anyone who has the need. 6.Guinness World Records editor Graig Glenday says，“This is an extraordinary worldrecord attempt that shows both spiritual dedication and true passion.” 7.One day in particular，a finely dressed gentleman stood outside the rich man’s door and said，“You’ve given me a second chance at life.With your generous gift，I was able to invest the money and pull myself out of poverty.” 8.You should also be prepared to make changes in the diet and get accustomed to the local foods and the limited selection of familiar foods in the stores and restaurants. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.Finally，there was a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught. 2.The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the test. 3.I’ll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. 4.My mother is very kind and is friendly to everybody.So when I have problem I will turn to her for help. 5.I still remember when I was child，you always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fell asleep. 6.In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. 7.It is such wonderful film that we all enjoy it. 8.Therefore，I told them interesting stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.As a result，nobody knew truth.I still think that it was the right thing to do. 9.Many countries in the world find they don’t have enough water.To deal with problem，I think，we should first go all out to plant trees because trees will help save water. 10.When，however，on Monday，January 16，a science fiction film about visitors from outer space was shown on television，there was immediate increase in reports of sightings from all parts of the States. Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(冠詞專(zhuān)練) I came to study in the United States 1.a year ago.Yet I did not know 2.the real American society until I was injured in a car accident because after 3.the accident I had to see a doctor and go to court. After the accident，my roommate called 4.a doctor for me.I was very thankful and decided to repay him one day.But 5.the next day，he asked me to pay him 200 for what he had done.I was astonished.He had good reasons to charge me，he said.And if I wanted to collect money from 6.the person who was responsible for my injury，I’d have to have 7.a good lawyer.Now that he had helped me to find a good doctor，it was only fair that I should pay him. But every time I went to see 8.the doctor，I had to wait about 50 minutes.He would see three or four patients at 9.the same time，and often stop treating one so as to see another.Yet he charged me 115 each time.10.The final examination report only contained ten lines，but it cost me 215.