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Unit 2　The Olympic Games 【短文語法填空】 Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years.They may vary from place to place and time to time，but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people，1. (cause) a farreaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives.The traditional Chinese marriage usually 2. (involve) some necessary procedures，such as matchmaking，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows. 3. addition，a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this—when a new couple is engaged，4. follows is a 5. (choose) of the date of their marriage. Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends 6. (attend) the wedding.However，quite a few others，especially 7. in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”．The wedding ceremony is usually hosted 8. (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with 9. unique banquet.Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life，everlasting love and happiness，early birth of a 10. (health) baby and so on. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了中國的婚俗習(xí)慣。 1．causing　解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處表示自然而然的結(jié)果，主語They和動詞cause之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 2．involves　解析：考查主謂一致。根據(jù)該句中的usually可知，此處表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語The traditional Chinese marriage為第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。 3．In　解析：考查固定搭配。in addition為固定搭配，意為“此外，除此之外”。 4．what　解析：考查主語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在從句中作主語，故用what引導(dǎo)該主語從句。 5．choice　解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的不定冠詞a可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞形式。 6．to attend　解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語境可知，空處表示目的，故用動詞不定式作目的狀語。 7．those　解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，空處指那些在農(nóng)村地區(qū)的人，表示復(fù)數(shù)，故用代詞those。 8．warmly　解析：考查副詞?？仗幮揎梽釉~hosted，故用副詞形式。 9．a(chǎn)　解析：考查冠詞。空后的banquet為可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指，且unique的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a。 10．healthy　解析：考查形容詞。空處修飾后面的名詞baby，表示“一個健康的嬰兒”，故用形容詞healthy。 pete vi.競爭；比賽 (1)pete in 參加(比賽，競爭) pete with/against sb.和某人對抗 pete for sth.為了……而競爭 (2)petition n．比賽 be in petition with...與……競爭 (3)petitive adj.有競爭力的 (4)petitor n．比賽者；對手 ①(教材原句)How many countries peted in the ancient Olympic Games? 有多少國家參加古代奧運會？ ②Life is like a long race where/in which we often pete with others to go beyond ourselves. 人生就像長跑比賽，在這場比賽中我們常常在與他人的競爭過程中來超越自我。 ③As the youngest petitor (pete)，I had to_pete (pete) in the writing contest against 20 other top students for the annual writing award.I must be very petitive (pete) to be the winner. 作為最年輕的比賽者，我必須和另外20個頂尖的學(xué)生在寫作比賽中去競爭以爭得這場年度的寫作獎。要成為獲勝者，我必須有很強的競爭力。 ④單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅲ)Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to_pete (pete)． admit vt.&vi.容許；承認；接納；容納 (1) (2) (3)admission n．進入；許可；入場券；承認 ①(教材原句)Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as petitors. 只有達到該比賽項目規(guī)定水平的運動員才被允許參加比賽。 ②He had to admit having_made (make) a serious mistake in public. 他不得不當眾承認犯了一個嚴重的錯誤。 ③He works very hard in order to get himself admitted (admit) into/to a key university. 他為了讓自己能被重點大學(xué)錄取而刻苦學(xué)習(xí)。 ④單句語法填空(2017天津卷)She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted (admit) that I hadn’t. charge vt.& vi.收費；控訴；充電 n．費用；主管 (1) (2) (3)free of charge免費 ①(教材原句)．..duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong. 所負擔的責任以及事情出錯后會陷入的麻煩。 ②(牛津P320)He was_charged (charge) with murder，which surprised us all. 他被指控犯有謀殺罪，這使我們非常吃驚。 ③The restaurant charged us $ 40 for the wine. 這家餐廳收了我們40英鎊的酒水錢。 ④單句語法填空(2017江蘇卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of what it used to_charge (charge)． deserve vi.& vt.應(yīng)受(報答或懲罰)；值得 (1)deserve consideration/attention 值得考慮/注意 deserve to do 應(yīng)該做 deserve doing/to be done 應(yīng)該/值得(被)做 (2)罪有應(yīng)得 ①(教材原句)Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? 你認為希波墨涅斯應(yīng)該贏嗎？ ②What es first is to keep an open mind，because everyone’s ideas deserve consideration/to_be_considered/considering (consider)． 首先要保持一個開放的心態(tài)，因為每個人的想法都值得考慮。 deserve后接名詞或doing sth.，常用主動形式表示被動意義，等于接動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)，該用法與want，need，require相同。 【七選五】 Think about what youve learned from a particular rumor experience，and let it help you make sure it never happens again.Here are a few tips that will help you. 1 The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向……吐露). Try to understand where its ing from，and why. Is the rumor meant to hurt you，or is it just a case of misinformation or exaggeration？Its important to get this information before you react to the rumor. 2 Resist the urge to dish it out. Have you heard the saying “Someone can dish it out，but he or she cant take it”？ 3 If you spread gossip and rumors about others，you might bee a person who deserves a taste of his or her own medicine. Resist the urge to take revenge. If youve been the victim of gossip and rumors and you know who started spreading them，you might want to go“an eye for an eye”． 4 And taking revenge in this way might make you feel good for a short time.But in the end，it will just keep the cycle of rumors going. 5 A．Be cautious about making friends. B．Be careful about your private information. C．Try to persuade more people to be on your side. D．So if you can，figure out how the rumor occurs. E．In other words，dont be the person to spread rumors. F．Its tending to make up lies or expose information that hurts others. G．And make you as much of a bully(恃強凌弱者)as any other rumor starter. 【語篇解讀】　本文為說明文。講述的是如何正確應(yīng)對謠言。 1．B　[根據(jù)下文的“The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向……吐露)．”可知，本段主要講的是“對你自己的隱私要小心謹慎”，故選B項。B項中的“private information”也與文中的“private information”相匹配。] 2．D　[根據(jù)本段的小標題“Try to understand where its ing from，and why.”及空前的內(nèi)容可知，對謠言作出反應(yīng)前，弄清楚謠言很重要。所以如果你能的話，要弄清楚謠言的來源和起因，故D項符合語境。] 3．E　[根據(jù)本段的小標題“Resist the urge to dish it out.”及空處上下文的內(nèi)容可知，空處講的應(yīng)是不要散播謠言相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，故E項符合語境。] 4．F　[根據(jù)下文的“taking revenge in this way”可知，空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是報復(fù)的方法，故F項符合語境。] 5．G　[根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容可知，如果以散布謠言的方式報復(fù)別人的話，你可能會在短期內(nèi)感覺良好，但是最后，這只會使得謠言繼續(xù)被散布，故G項承接上文，進一步說明了這種報復(fù)方式的消極后果。] take part in 參加；參與 take part vi.支持 take part with sb.支持某人，袒護某人 take an active part in 積極參加 participate in 參加，參與 play a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色 ①(教材原句)Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games? 誰不能參加古代奧運會？ ②China is_playing (play) a more important part in the international affairs. 中國正在國際事務(wù)中起著更重要的作用。 ③To_join (join) the Party，he took (take) an active part in a variety of activities. 為了入黨，他積極參加各種活動。 　take part in/join/join in/join sb.in doing sth./attend take part in 指參加群眾性的活動、會議等并在其中發(fā)揮作用 join 指加入黨派、組織、團體，成為其中一員 join in 指參加一些大規(guī)?；顒?，如球賽、游戲等 join sb.in doing sth. 指和某人一起做某事，join的賓語可以是人，也可以是組織、團體 attend 多指參加大型的集會活動，如會議、婚禮、典禮、報告、上學(xué)等。另外還有“照顧、照料”之意 [填一填] ①Since you have no time，you need not attend the tea party. ②If Jim took_part_in the Talent Show，he’d win it for sure. ③—I wonder if you have known Dr.Jackson for a long time. —Yes，since he joined the golf club. ④Would you like to join us in the discussion tomorrow? as well 也；又；還(常放在句子末尾，作為副詞短語使用) (1)as well as意為“既……又；也，又”，可連接兩個并列成分，強調(diào)其前面的內(nèi)容，因此連接并列主語時，謂語應(yīng)與前邊的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。 (2)as well as被看作復(fù)合介詞，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞、形容詞、介詞短語等；as well as表示“除……之外”時，相當于besides，in addition to。 (3)as well as也可以是well的同級比較結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“和……一樣好”。 (4)may/might as well do sth.＝had better do sth.最好做某事；做……倒也無妨。 ①(教材原句)For each Olympics，a special village is built for them to live in，a main reception building，several stadiums for petitions，and a gymnasium as well. 每屆奧運會都要建一個特殊的村莊(奧運村)讓參賽的人住，一個主接待樓、幾個比賽用的體育場及一個體育館。 ②(2016北京卷)New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 新的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)常意味著冒險，因此你的大腦也要提高冒險的承受力。 ③The teacher as well as his students is(be)going to plant trees tomorrow. 和學(xué)生一樣，這位老師明天也去植樹。 ④單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well (good) as beauty. stand for 代表；象征；表示；主張；支持；忍受 stand sth./doing sth.忍受(做)某事 stand by 站在旁邊；袖手旁觀 stand out 突出；顯眼；杰出 stand on one’s own feet 自立；不依靠他人 stand against 靠在……上；抵抗；反抗 ①(教材原句)What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for? 奧運旗上的五環(huán)代表什么？ ②I won’t stand for being_treated (treat) like a child. 我不會容忍把我當孩子對待。 ③Her bright clothes always make her stand out in a crowd. 她那鮮艷的衣服總是使她在人群中很顯眼。 ④Children should learn to_stand (stand) on their own feet rather than just depend on their parents. 孩子要學(xué)會自立而不是僅僅去依靠父母。 ⑤單句語法填空(2017江蘇卷)As a new approach starts to bee apparent, two ideas stand out. 【短文改錯】 It is clear shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems.68% of the students surveying have studying anxiety as well as poor eyesight too.And a larger percentage lacks sleep. 52% are short of physical exercise.42% of the students wont obey our parents or teachers.Personally，I think we student should balance our physical exercise and studies.Without sound body，one cant achieve anything.However，too much attention has been paid only on studies.As a result，I suggest we are given less homework or more time for outofclassroom activities.Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life. 【答案】　 It is shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems.68% of the students have studying anxiety as well as poor eyesight .And a larger percentage sleep. 52% are short of physical exercise.42% of the students wont obey parents or teachers.Personally，I think we should balance our physical exercise and studies.Without sound body，one cant achieve anything.However，too much attention has been paid only studies.As a result，I suggest we given less homework more time for outofclassroom activities.Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life. 第一處：clear→clearly?？疾楦痹~。此處修飾過去分詞shown，要用副詞clearly“清晰地”。 第二處：surveying→surveyed?？疾榉侵^語動詞。本句中的謂語動詞是have，故students后應(yīng)是分詞作后置定語，survey與所修飾的students構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。 第三處：去掉too。考查行文邏輯。句中已經(jīng)有as well as表示“也”了，故句尾的too是多余的。 第四處：lacks→lack。考查主謂一致。percentage作主語時，謂語與它所修飾的名詞或指代的名詞一致。此處指學(xué)生，所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 第五處：our→their?？疾榇~。42%的學(xué)生不聽他們父母和老師的話。主語是42%of the students，是第三人稱，故此處形容詞性物主代詞用their。 第六處：student→students?？疾槊~單復(fù)數(shù)。we后面的名詞是其同位語，所以用student的復(fù)數(shù)形式與we一致。 第七處：Without后加a。考查冠詞。body是可數(shù)名詞，且此處泛指一個好的身體，故加冠詞a。 第八處：on→to?？疾榻樵~。pay attention to“注意……”是固定搭配，此處用的是該短語的被動形式。 第九處：are→be。虛擬語氣。suggest在此處表示“建議”，因此后跟的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用“should＋do”形式，且should可以省略。故此處應(yīng)把are改為be。 第十處：or→and。考查連詞。我建議我們應(yīng)該少布置點作業(yè)，多些時間進行課外活動。本句是肯定句，此處不表示選擇意義，而指的是并列的兩個名詞，表示“及”，應(yīng)用and。 No other countries could join in，nor_could slaves or women! 別的國家不能參加，奴隸和婦女也不能參加！ 句型“nor/neither＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋另一個主語”用于否定陳述句之后，表示“也不”，相當于either 用于否定句。 (1)“neither/nor/so＋系動詞(情態(tài)動詞或助動詞)＋主語”是一個倒裝句型，表示前面的情況也適用于后者，so用于肯定場合，neither/nor用于否定場合。 (2)如果前句有兩個分句，謂語部分不同，或者既有肯定又有否定，要用so it is with...或It’s the same with...句型。 (3)如果表示對前面的內(nèi)容的進一步肯定，則要用“so＋主語＋be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞”意為“……的確是這樣”。 (4)“主語＋do/did/does＋so”表示“某人這樣做了”，本結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞不能改為be或情態(tài)動詞。 ①(教材原句)He isn’t a doctor，and nor/neither is his brother. 他不是醫(yī)生，他哥哥也不是。 ②If you go to school early tomorrow，so shall I. 如果明天你早點去學(xué)校，我也早去。 ③Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States.So it_was with Jane./It was the_same with Jane. 瑪麗在澳大利亞出生，在美國居住。簡也是。 ④The doctor asked her to eat more vegetables，and she_did so. 醫(yī)生讓她多吃蔬菜，她就這樣做了。 ⑤—He came to school late yesterday. ——他昨天上學(xué)遲到了。 —So he_did. ——他確實遲到了。 I lived in what_you_call“Ancient Greece”and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. 我生活在你們稱之為“古希臘”的地方，我過去也經(jīng)常寫有關(guān)很久以前奧運會的情況。 what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作call的賓語，“Ancient Greece”作賓補。what用作代詞，在意義上譯法非常靈活，它可以指 “……的東西＝the thing(s)/something that...” “……的人＝the person that/who...” “……的時間＝the time that...” “……的地點＝the place that...”等；在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語，相當于定語從句中的“先行詞＋關(guān)系代詞”。 ①He drove at what I thought was a dangerous speed. 他以我認為危險的速度開車。 ②After a long journey，they came to what was_called(call)“Gebi Desert” 長途跋涉之后，他們來到了被稱之為“戈壁灘”的地方。 ③(2015安徽卷)A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not what ships are built for. 船停放在海港里是很安全的，但這并非建造船的目的。 ④單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅱ)What is well－known to us all is that China is a country with a long history . There’s as_much petition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. 國與國之間爭取奧運會承辦權(quán)的競爭就跟爭奪奧運獎牌一樣激烈。 as...as...像……那樣，正如。第一個as為副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞原級。第二個as可以是連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；也可以是介詞，后加名詞或代詞。 (1)as＋adj./adv.＋as...像……一樣…… (2)as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...和……一樣…… (3)as many/much as...與……一樣多，多達…… (4)as＋many/much＋n.＋as...和……一樣多的…… (5)否定句式：not as/so...as...意為“不如……”。 (6)．..times as＋adj./adv.＋as...“是……的幾倍”表達倍數(shù)的詞必須置于比較結(jié)構(gòu)之前。 ①She is not as young as she was. 她不如從前那么年輕了。 ②She spends twice_as_much money on clothing as I(do)． 她花在衣服上的錢是我花的兩倍。 ③I have as_many books as you have. 我和你的書一樣多。 ④Tom is as hardworking a boy as his brother. Tom是和他弟弟一樣努力的孩子。 ⑤單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅱ)When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as wellknown as Paul—he stood up for me. 【閱讀理解】 “Her grades are fine; Im not worried about that, but she just doesnt seem to love learning any more，” Alices mum said. Shes absolutely right. Id noticed the same thing about her daughter over the previous two or three years when Id been Alices middle school English, Latin, and writing teacher, and I have an answer, right there on the tip of my tongue, to what has gone wrong. Yet Im torn between my responsibility to help Alice and the knowledge that what I have to say is a truth Im not sure this mother is ready to hear. The truth for this parent and so many others is this: Her child has sacrificed her natural curiosity and love of learning at the altar (圣壇) of achievement, and its our fault. Alices parents, her teachers, society at large — we are all supposed to be blamed in this crime against learning. From her first day of school, we pointed her toward that altar and trained her to measure her progress by means of points, scores, and awards.We taught Alice that her potential is tied to her intellect (智力), and that her intellect is more important than her character. We taught her to e home proudly bearing grade As, championship prizes, and college acceptance, and not on purpose, we taught her that we dont really care how she obtains them. We taught her to protect her academic and extracurricular perfection at all costs and that its better to quit when things get challenging rather than risk losing that perfect record. Above all else, we taught her to fear failure. That fear is what has destroyed her love of learning. 【文章大意】　本文通過Alice的例子說明了父母、老師和社會有時會扼殺孩子的好奇心和對學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛。 【難句分析】 We taught Alice that her potential is tied to her intellect(智力)，and that her intellect is more important than her character.(第三段第四句) 分析：這是一個復(fù)合句，含有兩個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。We是主語，taught是謂語，兩個that在從句中均不充當成分。 譯文：我們教給Alice的是她的潛力和她的智力是聯(lián)系在一起的，并且她的智力比她的性格更重要。 1．Both the mother and the author have noticed that ________. A．Alice hates to tell them the truth B．Alices test scores are not so good C．Alice chooses several subjects to learn D．Alice doesnt enjoy studying any more 答案與解析：D　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“but she just doesnt seem to love learning any more”和第二段中的“Id noticed the same thing about her daughter”可知，Alice的媽媽和作者都注意到了Alice不再喜歡學(xué)習(xí)。A項和C項文中沒有提到；根據(jù)第一段中的“Her grades are fine”可知，B項錯誤。 2．What does the underlined word “torn” mean in the passage? A．Pained to choose. B．Guilty to quit. C．Tired to manage. D．Certain to decide. 答案與解析：A考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“between my responsibility...and the knowledge that what I have to say is a truth”可知，作者在兩者之間很難選擇。 3．What does the teacher think of the girl? A．Her academic perfection results from her character. B．She is a gifted girl with spirits of challenging. C．She is perfect in her character development. D．Her academic performance is great. 答案與解析：D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“We taught her to protect her academic and extracurricular perfection at all costs”可知，Alice的學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)很好。根據(jù)第三段的“We taught Alice that her potential is tied to her intellect(智力)，and that her intellect is more important than her character.”可知A項錯誤；根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句中的“that its better to quit when things get challenging rather than risk losing that perfect record”可知B項錯誤；根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Above all else，we taught her to fear failure”可知C項錯誤。 4．What leads to the girls change? A．A few failure experiences. B．Fear of failing to get good grades. C．Her mothers overprotection. D．Her not being accepted by colleges. 答案與解析：B考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“We taught her to protect... That fear is what has destroyed her love of learning.”可知，害怕失敗毀掉了Alice對學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛。