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Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero 【短文語法填空】 Sending gifts varies greatly from country to country.In Australia, Canada, the United States 1. European countries，sending gifts is rarely expected. While seen as a nice gesture，it is more important to avoid 2. (give) highly personal gifts such as clothing.When visiting the home of a colleague from one of these 3. ( country)，it is normally appropriate to bring a gift to the hostess. In America, 4. (expense)gifts are definitely out.A good 5. (choose) is to take the deserving person to dinner，or to 6. entertainment or a sporting event. 7. the contrary，gift giving is a traditional custom in Japan.In Japan the proper gift is thought 8. (express)the givers true friendship，gratitude and respect far 9. (well) than words can.So if you plan to visit Japan or to have any Japanese visit you here，be prepared. Australia is known for its friendliness and informality.So modest gifts，such as a diary，a paperweight，or a coffee cup might 10. (present)to a friend.At a trade show，Tshirts，ties，baseball caps，or a pin may be appropriate souvenirs.Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。介紹了美國、日本、澳大利亞等國不同的送禮物習慣。 1．and　[考查連詞。根據空前的“Australia，Canada，the United States”和空后的“European countries”可知，空處前后為并列關系，故用并列連詞and。] 2．giving　[考查動名詞。avoid doing sth.為固定搭配，意為“避免做某事”，故填giving。] 3．countries　[考查名詞的數。根據空前的these可知，可數名詞country應當用復數形式。] 4．expensive　[考查形容詞。空處修飾后面的名詞gifts，故用形容詞形式。] 5．choice　[考查名詞。根據空前的形容詞good和不定冠詞A可以判斷，空處應用名詞的單數形式。] 6．an　[考查不定冠詞。該處泛指“一次娛樂活動”，entertainment的讀音以元音音素開頭，故用an。] 7．On　[考查固定搭配。on the contrary為固定搭配，意為“與此相反”。] 8．to express　[考查動詞不定式。此處表示“在日本，恰當的禮物被認為表達了送禮物者真正的友誼”。be thought to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“被認為做了某事”，故用動詞不定式。] 9．better　[考查比較級。根據空后的than可知，該處用well的比較級。] 10．be presented　[考查被動語態(tài)。該句主語modest gifts和動詞present之間是被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)。] devote vt.(與to連用) 獻身；專心于 (1)devote oneself to sth./doing sth.獻身于……；致力于…… devote one’s life/time/money/energy to sth./doing sth.把某人的一生/時間/金錢/精力奉獻于…… (2)devoted adj.忠實的；深愛的 be devoted to sth./doing sth.專心于；奉獻于…… (3)devotion n．關愛；關照；奉獻；忠誠 ①(教材原句)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. 一個偉人是一個致力于幫助別人的人。 ②(2016北京卷)Neighbors devoted (devote) their spare time to helping (help) others rebuild. 鄰居們都把他們的業(yè)余時間花在了幫助別人重建家園上了。 ③Mrs.White，a devoted (devote) friend of mine，devoted (devote) herself to teaching (teach) and her devotion (devote) to children made us vote for her. 懷特夫人，我的一位忠實的朋友，獻身于教學，她對孩子們的關愛使我們投票選了她。 在短語devote...to...中to為介詞，其后接名詞或動名詞。 [填一填]　根據提示寫出下面帶介詞to的動詞短語 ①pay_attention_to 注意 ②be/get/bee/grow_used_(accustomed)_to 習慣于 ③stick_to 堅持 ④get_down_to 開始著手(做某事) ⑤object_to 反對 ⑥adapt_(oneself)_to 適應 ⑦look_forward_to 期盼 ⑧l(xiāng)ead_to 導致 equal adj.相等的；平等的；勝任的 vt.等于；比得上n.同等的人；相等物 (1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/勝任做某事 (2)A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B/與B相匹敵 (3)without equal/have no equal無與倫比 (4)equality n．平等 equally adv.相等地；同等地；均等地；同樣地 ①(教材原句)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但是，我樂于幫忙，因為我知道，這可以幫助我們實現(xiàn)黑人和白人平等的夢想。 ②(2016北京卷)Learning to deal with the social world is equally (equal) important. 學會處理社交世界也是同等重要的。 ③We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality (equal) of nations，big or small. 我們中國一貫主張國家無論大小一律平等。 ④單句語法填空(2017天津卷)It will put fully driverless cars on an equal (equality) legal footing to human drivers, he says. 它將充分地把無人駕駛的汽車與有人駕駛的汽車置于平等的法律基礎之上。 reward n．& vt.報酬；獎賞；酬勞；獎金 (1)as a reward for 作為(對某事的)報酬/獎賞 give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.為某事而給某人報酬 in reward for 為酬謝……；作為獎勵 (2)reward sb.with sth.for sth.為某事而用……酬謝某人 reward sb.for sth/doing sth 為……酬謝某人 ①(教材原句)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. 他們說來自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是對我一生為黑人的平等權利而奮斗的回報。 ②I don’t expect anything in_reward. 我不指望得到任何酬謝。 ③We would like to_reward (reward) you with a free seat in first class. 我們愿意獎勵您免費乘坐頭等艙的座位． 　award/reward 名詞 動詞 award 獎品，獎金，與prize用法相似 意為“授予、頒發(fā)”，常用搭配：award sb.sth.＝award sth.to sb. reward 報酬、獎金或一些非金錢類的報酬 多指因對方的工作、服務、幫助而給予的報酬或獎賞，常用搭配：reward sb.for(doing)sth. ④Tu Youyou was one of three scientists awarded (award) the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.They were_rewarded (reward) with the prize of 8 million Swedish crowns($960,000)． 中國藥理學家屠呦呦和其他兩位科學家共獲2015年度諾貝爾生理醫(yī)學獎這一殊榮。并授予他們8百萬瑞典克朗(相當于96萬美元)。” ⑤單句語法填空(2017江蘇卷)In addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were_rewarded (reward) with the most food. 【七選五】 Youre growing up.That means youre probably experiencing lots of changes，all at once.Your body is changing.It might even seem as if your entire self is changing.It can be confusing and even scary. 1 And its good! Growing up means that you can do more，learn more，and start to make your mark on the world.In order for that to happen, your body produces chemicals called hormones that help both body and mind grow.Hormone levels change constantly，rising and falling. 2 But its partly to blame for intense emotions，surprising reactions，and mood swings. Because of the way your brain develops，it is somewhat ruled by emotions now and through your teen years.As a result, growing up can seem like an emotional roller coaster！ 3 ●Take care of yourself.If you eat right，sleep enough，and get good exercise，your brain will be much more able to deal with the stress. ● 4 When you feel your moods swinging or youre upset，or confused，some quiet time will allow you to gather your thoughts and get calmer. ●Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing when you wake up and when you go to bed. 5 Plus，when stuff happens during the day，youll be able to calm yourself quickly with a deep breath or two before you react.Your body is changing. A．Take a timeout. B．But the truth is，it happens to every teen. C．Work out regularly to keep physically fit. D．This changing is needed for your bodys development. E．It will help you fall asleep—and start the morning right. F．Here are a few things you can do to make the ride smoother. G．Usually，these feelings settle down when you realize what is going on. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了青少年如何應對成長過程中的一些變化。 1．B　[由空前的“confusing and even scary”和空后的“good”可知，空處在這里起承上啟下的作用，所以選B項。] 2．D　[由空前一句可知，荷爾蒙的水平一直在不斷地改變，忽高忽低；D項中的“This changing”與空前的“change”相對應，所以選D項。] 3．F　[空前的“an emotional roller coaster”與F項中的“make the ride smoother”相對應，且由下文列舉的幾個要點可知，F(xiàn)項符合文意。] 4．A　[由本段中的“一些安靜的時間將使你集中精神，安靜下來”可知，A項正確。] 5．E　[空前的“Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing”與E項中的“It”對應，空前的“when you wake up”與E項的“start the morning right”對應；空前的“when you go to bed”與E項的“fall asleep”對應。所以選E項。] in trouble 在危險、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中(表狀態(tài)) ask/look for trouble 找麻煩；自討苦吃 take trouble to do sth.費力/不辭辛苦地做某事(在trouble前可根據語境加上a lot of/a little/great等) make trouble 鬧事；搗亂 get into/out of trouble 陷入/擺脫困境(表動作) have trouble with sth./(in)doing sth.做某事有麻煩 put sb.to the trouble of doing sth.給某人添麻煩做某事 ①(教材原句)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble. 伊萊亞斯在有麻煩時去見納爾遜曼德拉。 ②Again they got into_trouble. 他們再次碰到了麻煩。 ③You can’t imagine the trouble/difficulty I had (in)persuading (persuade) him to change his mind. 你無法想象我說服他改變主意有多么困難。 turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(書的某頁)；查閱；轉向 turn away 拒絕(某人)進入；走開；轉過臉去 turn down 拒絕；調小 turn in 上交 turn off/on 關掉/打開 turn out 驅逐；把……趕走；證明是，結果是 turn up 露面，出現(xiàn)；開大 turn over 翻身，翻過(一頁書)；移交 ①(教材原句)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal? 為什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？ ②(2015湖北卷)Don’t worry.I’m sure your missing glasses will turn_up sooner or later. 別擔心。我相信你丟失的眼鏡遲早會出現(xiàn)的。 ③語境填詞 The party was almost over，but Jane still didn’t turn_up (到場)．Tom was very disappointed.He didn’t know why Jane didn’t turn_down (拒絕) his invitation if she didn’t want to e.He turned_over (打翻) the bottles on the tables，and the rest guests left the hall in shock.Tom turned_off (關閉) all the lights in the hall，turning the hall into (變成) a world of darkness.No one could imagine how upset he was! set up 設立；建立 set aside 把……放在一邊；省出；留出 set down 寫下；記下 set off 出發(fā)；動身；使爆炸 set out 出發(fā)；動身；開始；著手 set an example to sb.為某人樹立榜樣 set sth.apart(for sth.)留出；撥出(專用) 開始做某事；著手做某事 ①The Voice of China has_set (set) up a stage where some people can achieve their dreams. 《中國好聲音》搭建了一個舞臺，在這里一些人可以實現(xiàn)夢想。 ②The play is_set (set) in a small Midwestern town. 這出戲以中西部的一個小鎮(zhèn)為背景。 ③I should set down what happened regularly day by day. 我應按部就班地一天天接著寫下去。 【短文改錯】 I still remember the first day I e to this new school.Everything was new to me，what made me realize I was no longer a small child.I had to depend on me.Luckily，I made several good friend.Their interests were similar with mine.I had great English teacher，Maggie. She let me know the important of English.So I decided to learn English hardly.Although it was very difficult at first，but with the help of my teacher，I made rapidly progress.Just as the old saying goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” 【答案】　 I still remember the first day I to this new school.Everything was new to me， made me realize I was no longer a small child.I had to depend on .Luckily，I made several good .Their interests were similar mine.I had great English teacher，Maggie.She let me know the of English.So I decided to learn English .Although it was very difficult at first， with the help of my teacher，I made progress.Just as the old saying goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” 第一處：e→came?？疾闀r態(tài)。本句話敘述我第一次來到這所學校的情景，應該用一般過去時。 第二處：what→which。考查關系代詞。分析句子結構可知，此處應用which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的句子“Everything was new to me”。 第三處：me→myself。考查代詞。句意：我不得不依靠我自己。當主語和賓語指的是同一個人的時候，賓語要用反身代詞。 第四處：friend→friends?？疾槊~的數。由前面的several(幾個)可知，此處應用名詞的復數形式。 第五處：with→to。考查固定搭配。be similar to...意為“與……相似”，為固定搭配。 第六處：great前加a?？疾楣谠~。句意：我有一位了不起的英語老師Maggie。此處表泛指，應用不定冠詞。 第七處：important→importance?？疾槊~。句意：她讓我認識到英語的重要性。由定冠詞the可知，此處應用名詞。 第八處：hardly→hard?？疾楦痹~。句意：因此我決定努力學習英語。hard意為“努力地”，hardly意為“幾乎不”。根據句意可知，應用hard。 第九處：刪除but。考查連詞。although意為“盡管”，不與but連用，因此刪除but。 第十處：rapidly→rapid。考查形容詞。修飾名詞應用形容詞，因此將rapidly改為rapid。 ...only_then_did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……只有到那個時候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 only放在句首修飾狀語(通常是副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句等)時，句子需要部分倒裝。 ①(2015天津卷)Only when Lily walked (walk) into the office did (do) she realize that she had left the contract at home. 只有當莉莉走進辦公室的時候，她才意識到她把合同忘家里了。 ②(2015湖南卷)Only after talking (talk) to two students did (do) I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. 在和兩個學生交談后我才意識到擁有強烈的動機是達到目標的最大因素． ③Only then did (do) I realize the importance of health. 直到那時我才認識到健康的重要性。 only放在句首修飾主語時不用倒裝。 ④Only some people are (be) against the new“two－child policy”． 只有部分人反對中國的新二孩政策。 I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group. 第一次給旅行團作講解時，我的心情很不好。 句中的the first time用作連詞，用來引導時間狀語從句，意為“第一次……”。 名詞短語作連詞，引導時間狀語從句的有： (1)＝as soon as 一……就…… (2) (3)有些副詞也可充當連詞，引導時間狀語從句，如：instantly，immediately，directly等，都相當于as soon as。 ①He started the instant/minute/moment he heard the report. 他一聽到報告就動身了。 ②He paid back the money he owed us immediately/instantly/directly he returned home. 他一回到家就把欠我們的錢還上了。 ③Each time he came to our city，he would call on me. 他每次來我們城市，總會來看我。 ④The_next time you e here，call me to meet you at the airport. 下次再來時打電話，我去機場接你。 【閱讀理解】 He was there every morning, sitting motionless on the front steps of his house. In the morning light, I could see the shadows that were etched(蝕刻)deep within the lines surrounding his eyes. Each morning I walked this route with my daughter to her kindergarten class. We were new to the neighborhood so that I didn’t know many of my neighbors. On one beautiful autumn morning, as we passed his house, my daughter called out to him, “Hi, Mr. Man!” Always the outgoing child, I wasn’t surprised at her enthusiasm. But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didn’t look at her and say “Hi” back. As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didn’t want to say hi to her. Because I didn’t have an answer, I said simply, “Maybe he is having a bad day.” later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident. A few days later, as we approached Bob’s house on our way to school, my daughter called out “Hi Mr. Man!” and as usual, he didn’t respond. But then she ran onto his front lawn and picked up a beautiful red autumn leaf. She continued up one step and handed it to him. I held my breath. As she skipped back to me, she said, “See you tomorrow, Mr. Man!” This time, he acknowledged her. In a soft gentle voice, he thanked her and said, “See you tomorrow.” From then on, Bob and my daughter exchanged greeting each morning. Our friendship with Bob continued for many years. But, the sweetest day is when Bob attended my daughter’s high school graduation. Bob gave my daughter a gift---a book on identifying various plants and trees. There, tucked in the pages that described an oak tree, was the leaf my daughter had given to Mr. Man when they first met. He had dried and pressed it and kept it all those years. 1.What puzzled the girl? A. The cause of the man’s sadness B. The shadows in the man’s eyes C. The man’s sitting still on the steps D. The man’s not answering her greeting 2.How did the author feel when his daughter gave the red leaf to the man? A. Proud B. Nervous C. Embarrassed D. fortable 3.Why did Bob keep that little red leaf? A. It was a care from a girl B. It was a symbol of enthusiasm C. It was a reminder of his painful days D. It represented the knowledge of trees 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.A Simple Red Leaf B.A Strange Neighbor C. An Unusual Friend D.A Greeting From A girl 【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。每天上學的路上，我和女兒總會遇見一位男士，女兒總會給他打招呼，但沒有得到答復，有一天當女兒給他摘一片紅色的樹葉的時候，再次打招呼的時候，這次得到了答復。多年后在女兒畢業(yè)的時候，這位男士送給女兒一本書，上面印有各種各樣的植物和樹，還有女兒曾經送給他的那片樹葉，在那片樹葉里包含著那位男士痛苦的過去。 1.D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文中But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didn’t look at her and say “Hi” back.及As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didn’t want to say hi to her. Because I didn’t have an answer,的提示可知令那位女孩困惑的是那位男士沒有回答她的問候，故選D。 3.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據文中l(wèi)ater I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.的描述可知當時Bob剛剛失去自己的妻子，而女兒的行為讓他很感動，所以保存下來這片紅色的葉子，從而當作對自己痛苦時光的回憶，故選A。 4.A 【解析】主旨大意題。根據文中的描述可知這片紅色的葉子一直貫穿全文，就是因為它才使故事得以發(fā)展，因此，一片紅色的葉子就是該文的主旨，故選A。