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Unit 2　Robots 【短文語法填空】 In the West we are familiar with ballets like Swan Lake.But there’s another classical dance form with a long history 1. has only recently burst onto the world scene. It is called classical Chinese dance. Classical Chinese dance is 2. incredibly demanding, refined, and expressive dance form. Alongside ballet, it is also one of the most prehensive dance systems 3. (know) to humankind. 4． recently, few people outside China had ever heard of classical Chinese dance. One major reason was that when Chinese panies performed abroad, they often mixed Chinese dance with western dance styles. And so the audience left the theater not sure exactly 5. they had just seen. In 2006, however, the Shen Yun Performing Arts pany 6. (establish) in New York. Its mission was to promote 7. (tradition) culture, and this included 8. (present) classical Chinese dance in its purest form. Not quite a decade later, classical Chinese dance has bee much 9. (well) recognised and is starting to influence western ballet. Although they have significant differences, both ballet and classical Chinese dance have the ability to vividly tell 10. (story) and move us through beautiful art. 【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹中國古典舞在西方國家的發(fā)展歷程。 1．which/that　解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導定語從句，補充完整是：classical dance form has only recently burst onto the world scene, 所以該定語從句的先行詞是“classical dance form”，指物，且從句中缺主語。故用 which/that。 2．a(chǎn)n　解析：考查冠詞。結(jié)合句意可知，此處指中國古典舞是一種要求極高、精致且傳神的舞種?？崭裉幈硎尽耙环N”，是泛指，且空格后的“incredibly”的讀音以元音音素開頭。故用 an。 3．known　解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句有謂語動詞“is”，所以此處應用非謂語動詞；因為動詞know與它修飾的名詞“systems”之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語，表示被動。故用known。 4．Until　解析：考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指直到最近，很少有外國人聽說過中國的古典舞。until意為“到……為止”，通常與完成時態(tài)搭配，until recently 意為“直到最近”，符合語境。故用Until。注意首字母大寫。 5．what　解析：考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“they had just seen”是“sure”之后的賓語從句，且從句中缺少賓語。故用what。 6．was established　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。動詞establish與“the Shen Yun Performing Arts pany”之間是被動關(guān)系；又因為本文都使用了一般過去時，因此空格處應用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故用was established。 7．traditional　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。結(jié)合句意可知，此處指它的宗旨是推廣傳統(tǒng)文化。此處應用形容詞來修飾名詞“culture”。故用traditional。 8．presenting　解析：考查非謂語動詞。include后要接動名詞作賓語。故用presenting。 9．better　解析：考查副詞的比較級。根據(jù)語境可知，不到十年的時間，中國的古典舞已經(jīng)被人們更好地認可并且影響到西方的芭蕾舞了。此處much修飾副詞well的比較級。故用better。 10．stories　解析：考查名詞復數(shù)。story是可數(shù)名詞，其前沒有冠詞修飾，故應用其復數(shù)形式。故用stories。 desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要 (1)have a strong desire a desire that－clause[(should＋)動詞原形]渴望…… (2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事 desire that－clause[(should＋)動詞原形]希望…… ①(2016江蘇卷)He had a strong desire __to free__ (free) her family from trouble. 他強烈渴望使他的家庭擺脫困境。 ②My daughter is now in Senior Three.She __desires__ (desire) that she should be admitted to a famous university.Besides，she has a strong desire __for__ majoring in English in university.But I desire her __to study__ (study) medicine in the future.Under great pressure，she desires __to have__ (have) a pleasant holiday in the ing golden week. 我的女兒現(xiàn)在上高三了。她渴望被一所名牌大學錄取。而且，她非常想主修英語專業(yè)。但我希望她以后學醫(yī)。在較大的壓力下，她希望在未來的“黃金周”里度過一個快樂的假期。 ③單句語法填空(2017北京卷)So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire __to secure__ (secure) success. favour n．喜愛；恩惠，幫忙；優(yōu)惠 vt.喜愛；偏袒(＝favor) (1)ask sb.a favour＝ask a favour of sb.請某人幫忙 do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb.幫某人一個忙 owe sb.a favour 欠……的人情 (2)do sth.as a favour 為了幫忙而做某事 (3)in favour of 同意；支持；優(yōu)先選擇 in one’s favour 有利于某人 ①(教材原句)As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant. 為了幫忙，托尼答應幫助克萊爾，使她變得更加漂亮，使她的家變得高雅大方。 ②When in trouble，you can ask a favour __of__ him. 遇到麻煩時，你可以請他幫忙。 ③He spoke in a temperate manner，__not favoring__ (not favor) either side especially. 他說話態(tài)度中庸，并不特別偏袒任何一方。 acpany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有 (1)acpany sb.＝keep sb.pany 陪伴某人 acpany sb.to some place 陪伴/陪同某人到某地 acpany sb.at/on sth.用某物為某人伴奏 be acpanied by 由……伴奏/伴隨 (2)panion n．同伴；伙伴 ①(教材原句)As he was not allowed to acpany her to the shops，he wrote out a list of items for her. 由于不允許托尼陪克萊爾去商店，所以托尼就給她寫了一份購物清單。 ②My neighbor came __to acpany__ (acpany) me while my parents were out. 我鄰居在我父母外出時過來陪我。 ③Her father __acpanied__ (acpany) her __to__ the concert and when she sang，her father acpanied her __on__ the piano.Her song sounded wonderful __acpanied__ (acpany) by the music. 她父親陪她去音樂會，當她唱歌時，她父親為她鋼琴伴奏。在音樂的伴奏下，她的歌聲聽起來優(yōu)美極了。 declare vt.宣布；聲明；表明；宣稱 declare sth.宣布某事 declare that...宣布…… declare sb./sth.(to be)＋adj.宣布某人/某物…… declare for/against...公開表示支持/反對 declare oneself 發(fā)表意見，表明態(tài)度 declare war on/against (對……)宣戰(zhàn) declare sth.open 宣布……開始 declare sth.closed 宣布……結(jié)束 ①(教材原句)She cried out“Tony”and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day... 她大叫一聲“托尼”，然后聽到托尼一本正經(jīng)地說，明天他不想離開她…… ②The judge declared him __to be__ (be) the winner of the petition. 裁判宣布他是比賽的獲勝者。 ③Nobody present declared __against__ the plan for next term. 在場的沒有人聲明反對下學期的計劃。 ④The newly－elected president declared __for__ their action，meaning that he __declared__ (declare) it to be legal；as a result，he must be responsible for his __declaration__ (declare)． 這位新當選的總統(tǒng)表示贊成他們的行為，這意味著他宣布這個行動是合法的，因此，他必須為他的聲明負責。 envy vt.&n.忌妒；羨慕 (1)envy sb.(doing)sth.忌妒某人(做)某事 envy sb.for sth.因……而羨慕某人 (2)bee/be the envy of...成為……忌妒(或羨慕)的對象 feel envy at...對……忌妒 out of envy 出于忌妒 with envy 羨慕地，忌妒地 (3)envious adj.羨慕的；忌妒的 be envious of＝be jealous of 忌妒 ①(教材原句)What a sweet victory to be envied by those women! 受到那些女士的妒忌，這該是多么甜美的勝利！ ②Her many talents were the envy __of__ all her friends. 她多才多藝，所有的朋友都很羨慕她。 ③He envied Rosalind __for__ her youth and strength. 他羨慕羅莎琳德的青春和活力。 ④Tom was __envious__ (envy) of his brother’s success in business. ＝Tom __envies__ (envy) his brother’s success in business. ＝Tom feels envy __at__ his brother’s success in business. 湯姆忌妒他哥哥事業(yè)上的成功。 【七選五】 When high temperatures are around the country，some things also go up.Here are four things expected to rise along with our desire to stay indoors and beat the heat. 1．Sales of goods that keep you cool Malls are high on the list of places where people often go for free air conditioning outside home in summer.__1__ Goods related to keeping cool，like air conditioners，fans or sun care items，are very popular. 2．__2__ Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves，and many agriculture experts are expecting a repeat of last years outbreak that harmed fruit and crops，particularly on the East Coast. 3．Energy bills __3__ With all those air conditioners and fans working，it makes sense that energy bills will be higher than average.__4__ “Not only are people going to have extremely high energy bills for July，it will also put increased stress on power plants，and were going to see more air pollution because of it，” says Angela Fritz. 4．Violence Heat waves may cause violence，right? “Not necessarily，”says Richard Larrick，a researcher.He took a unique look at the relationship between violence and heat through baseball.Larrick and his research team examined 57,294 Major League Baseball games taking place between 1962 and 2017 and found that while heat may increase violence，there always has to be a motive.“__5__ Instead，heat affects a specific form of violence，” he said. A．Air pollution B．Pest population C．Rising heat is the expected response in any summer. D．Heat does not directly lead to more violence in general. E．More and more people are worried about their expenses. F．As more energy is used，air quality problems may occur. G．So its not a surprise that some sales jump during heat waves. 【解題導語】本文介紹了伴隨高溫天氣會出現(xiàn)的一些事件。 1．G　空前一句提到購物中心是夏天人們外出經(jīng)常去的地方之一，空后一句提到與制冷有關(guān)的商品，如空調(diào)、風扇等都很受歡迎，結(jié)合本段小標題可知，G項“因此一些(制冷商品的)銷售量在酷暑期猛增就不足為奇了”與此處匹配。 2．B　根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處為本段小標題。根據(jù)空后的“Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves”可知，本段主要是說害蟲的數(shù)量在酷暑期也會快速增長，故B項與此處匹配。 3．E　根據(jù)段落小標題Energy bills可知，本段和費用有關(guān)，空后又提到(電)風扇和空調(diào)的運行會使能源費用高于平均水平，故空處應講人們對高溫天氣下使用這些電器的花費的擔憂，所以E項符合語境。 4．F　上文提到能源費用增加，下文提到由此會造成更多的空氣污染。由此可推知，F(xiàn)項“隨著更多的能源被消耗，空氣質(zhì)量問題可能會出現(xiàn)”與此處匹配。 5．D　根據(jù)空后一句可知，高溫影響一種特定形式的暴力，且由“Instead”可知，空處與下文呈轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再結(jié)合上文的“Not necessarily”可知，D項“總的來說，高溫不會直接導致更多的暴力”與此處匹配。 ring up 給……打電話 打電話給某人 call/ring back 回電話 ring off/hang up 掛斷電話 hold on 別掛斷 ①(教材原句)When the clerk at the counter was rude to her，she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him. 當站柜臺的售貨員對她粗魯時，她就打電話給托尼，讓售貨員同托尼說話。 ②I have something important to say.Please hold __on__ for a moment. 我有要事要說，請不要掛斷電話。 ③I was about to answer the phone when it __was rung__ (ring) off last night. 昨天晚上我正要接電話，就在這時電話掛斷了。 set aside 將……放在一邊；為……節(jié)省或保留(錢或時間) lay aside 儲蓄；把……放到一邊 put aside 把……放在一旁；忽視；儲存 move aside 把……移動一邊 stand aside 讓開；袖手旁觀 step aside 讓位；退位 leave aside 擱置一邊 ①She sets/puts/lays __aside__ a little money each week. 她每周都省出一點錢。 ②Bill never __stands__ (stand) aside when there is something that wants doing. 有事要做的時候，比爾從不袖手旁觀。 【短文改錯】 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 (2018長春市質(zhì)量檢測一) Dear Bill， How time flies！I went back to school and begin my lesson last month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination，that makes me worried.I failed pass the English test last term because of I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and determine to give myself the second chance to pass them.I will ask my teachers and friends for advices on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.Besides，I will make fully use of time.Do you have any good ideas？Tell me or I will be grateful to you. Im looking forward to hear from you. Yours， Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Bill， How time flies！I went back to school and my lesson last month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination， makes me worried.I failed pass the English test last term because I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and determine to give myself second chance to pass .I will ask my teachers and friends for on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.Besides，I will make use of time.Do you have any good ideas？Tell me I will be grateful to you. Im looking forward to from you. Yours， Li Hua 第一處：begin改為began?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時間狀語last month可知，此處描述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，所以應用一般過去時。 第二處：that改為which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此處是非限制性定語從句，that不能引導非限制性定語從句，且從句中缺少主語，先行詞為整個句子，所以關(guān)系詞應該用which。 第三處：fail后加to?？疾楣潭ù钆?。fail to do sth.是固定用法，表示“未能做成某事”。 第四處：刪除because后的of?？疾榻樵~。because of后面跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語，文中其后跟的是從句，應用because來引導，故刪除of。 第五處：the改為a?？疾楣谠~。該處表示“再給自己一次機會”，a second chance表示“再一次機會”。 第六處：them改為it?？疾榇~。該處表示“通過英語考試”，應用it代指英語考試。 第七處：advices改為advice。考查名詞。advice是不可數(shù)名詞，故把advices改為advice。 第八處：fully改為full?？疾樾稳菰~。該句中的名詞use應用形容詞修飾，所以把fully改為full。make full use of“充分利用”。 第九處：or改為and?？疾椴⒘羞B詞。此處表示“告訴我(你的建議)，我將不勝感激”?！捌硎咕洌玜nd＋句子”，and表示順承關(guān)系；“祈使句＋or＋句子”，or表示“否則”。 第十處：hear改為hearing?？疾閯用~。look forward to短語中to是介詞，后面跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。 __It was then that__ Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. 也就在這時候，克萊爾才意識到托尼早就把前邊窗戶的窗簾拉開了。 本句是強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)的是時間狀語“then”。 強調(diào)句的用法： (1)強調(diào)句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被強調(diào)的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被強調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。 (2)強調(diào)句的疑問句形式。強調(diào)句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r，直接將is/was置于句首。簡略的答語為：“Yes，it is/was.”或“No，it isn’t/wasn’t.” (3)強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句式是：特殊疑問句＋is/was＋it＋that...。 (4)強調(diào)“not...until”引導的時間狀語時，要用“It is/was not until...that...”結(jié)構(gòu)，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且須用陳述句語序。 ①It is only children __who__ make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才會犯這樣愚蠢的錯誤。 ②Was it yesterday __that__ you met your teacher in the street? 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老師的嗎？ ③__Who__ was it that told you such a thing? 究竟是誰告訴你這件事的？ ④單句語法填空(2017天津卷)But it __wasn’t until__ I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. 【閱讀理解】 Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we cant hold inside what we feel any more. We cry when were at our best, and when were at our worst. By we, I mean all of us. Men included. But we never see other men cry. In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed (流淚) more than a single tear, and even then its reserved for grand victories, defeats and deaths. Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men. Generally men and women cry over the same things — deaths, breakups and homesickness, primarily, but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it es to positive events. I want to admit Im a bit of a cryer. However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears. See, my dog — and 24/7 panion — was killed by a car right outside my house. Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour, but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48 hours, I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched (蹲) on the floor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet. It is suggested in the book Adult Crying: A Biopsychosocial Approach that theres certain pleasure in crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves. In those days after my dogs death, I remember thinking, “Ive got to stop this crying”. It felt unmanly. It felt like a sign of weakness. Ive since realised that tears are for everybody; theyre not genderspecific. They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者的狗遭遇車禍，作者痛哭不已，傷心欲絕。后來作者意識到哭泣是釋放壓力的方式。 【難句分析】However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.(第三段第二句) 分析：該句為主從復合句。該句中what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears為what引導的賓語從句；having never really experienced deaths in my life為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語。 譯文：然而，我在生活中從來沒有真正體會過死亡，數(shù)周前的一次體驗讓我知道死亡真的意味著痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的感覺。 1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．Crying is a raw human emotion. B．Crying is an emotion beyond control. C．Crying is an emotion showing sadness. D．Crying is an emotion showing happiness. 答案與解析：A考查段落大意。通讀該段可知，該段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”為該段的主題句。結(jié)合該段其他內(nèi)容可知，該段主要論述“哭泣是人類最自然的情感流露”，故A項正確。 2. Whats the difference between men and women in crying according to Dutch research? A．They cry over different matters. B．They cry at different times of life. C．Women cry more often over deaths. D．Men are more likely to have tears of joy. 答案與解析：D考查細節(jié)理解。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Dutch research”定位至第二段，根據(jù)第二段的“but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it es to positive events”可知，男女哭泣的區(qū)別是男子對于積極事物的哭泣頻率要比婦女高，故D項正確。 3. What did the author think of his crying over his dogs death? A．A sign of strength. B．A sign of weakness. C．Behavior of being womanish. D．A way of reducing emotional stress. 答案與解析：D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段，尤其是最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.”可知，作者意識到哭泣是減輕情感壓力的方式，故D項正確。 4. Whats the best title for the text? A．Men, never cry like women B．Men, its OK to cry sometimes C．Crying solves psychological problems D．Crying explains differences between men and women 答案與解析：B考查標題判斷。通讀全文內(nèi)容尤其是第一段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”和本文最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，本文論述的中心是“哭泣是人類最自然的情感流露，是減輕情感壓力的方式”，據(jù)此可以判斷，B項最適合作文章標題。