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閱讀理解模擬檢測(cè)(二) (共3篇，限時(shí)20分鐘) A Bee see, bee do. At least that’s the conclusion of research published earlier this month in the journal PLOS Biology, showing that bumblebees learn to solve problems by watching each other. In the first study of its kind in insects, scientists constructed experiments that challenged bees to pull strings in order to access rewards of nectar (花蜜)． The scientists hoped their study would throw light on a bigger picture: how social learning spreads through a population. In the study, Lars Chittka from Queen Mary University of London and his team made artificial flowers and filled them with artificial nectar made of sugar water. They put the flowers under a clear type of plastic and attached a string. Then they added bees. While most of the insects failed to reach the nectar, a few eventually figured out how to access it, by pulling the string. The team discovered that they could greatly increase the success rate of the bees by first placing them inside a transparent (透明的) box where they could observe an experienced bee pull the string. Then, when the boxed bees were released, they often knew what to do and successfully pulled the string to obtain nectar. Next, the researchers added a bee that was experienced in string pulling to each of three new groups that had never seen the experiment before. Within a short time, about half of all those bees were soon pulling the strings. That result suggests the learned behavior could spread from bee to bee, similar to the way cultural ideas spread in other animals, including people. The experiment suggests that social learning may be more widespread in the animal kingdom than people previously thought. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。英國(guó)科學(xué)家通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，蜜蜂可以從同伴那里學(xué)會(huì)新技能。 1．What happened after the bee pulled the string? A．It joined others.　　　 B．It saw flowers. C．It found water. D．It got nectar. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“pull strings in order to access rewards of nectar (花蜜)”和第五段內(nèi)容可知，蜜蜂把繩拉動(dòng)之后就可以得到花蜜。 2．Why was an experienced bee added to new bee groups? A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment. B．To watch the process of string pulling. C．To carry the experiment further. D．To keep the bees’ interest. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“placing them inside a transparent (透明的) box where they could observe an experienced bee pull the string”和倒數(shù)第二段中的“each of three new groups that had never seen the experiment before”可知，在后一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，蜜蜂面臨的挑戰(zhàn)升級(jí)，這樣做的目的就是使研究更深入。 3．What does the study find? A．Most animals create their own cultures. B．Strings are particularly attractive to bees. C．Animals may have good social learning ability. D．Bumblebees may be smarter than other bee species. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“the learned behavior could spread from bee to bee, similar to the way cultural ideas spread in other animals, including people”和最后一段中的“social learning may be more widespread in the animal kingdom than people previously thought”可知，這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)物們可能具有良好的相互學(xué)習(xí)的能力。 B When I go to a new place the first thing I like to do is walk around the streets, to explore and get lost in the city. When I first arrived in Santiago, Chile, and took a walk around the city centre, one of the first things I noticed was how many street dogs there were. On every corner there was a sleeping dog. At every traffic light there was a dog waiting to cross. By every shop there was a dog waiting for food. At first I was nervous as I thought they might be aggressive. However, I have been here for more than a year now and every street dog I have seen has been passive, quiet and friendly. The dogs are accepted and weled here in Chile. I have never seen a street dog being mistreated. In fact, they are often given food and water by the public. Some people even make jackets for the dogs or put out beds or doghouses for them to sleep in. However, the dogs do not have an easy life: they are often hungry, cold or injured. The government does not provide much care for these dogs. Some people believe that the situation is getting out of control and that it is unacceptable to have so many dogs on the streets. The dogs can sometimes cause problems such as car accidents if they run into the road. There are about 2.5 million street dogs in Chile and the dog population is growing faster than the human population. Many Chileans think that all the street dogs should be sterilized (使絕育) so that they cannot breed. Others think that people should reduce the dog population by killing them. The future of street dogs is uncertain but for now it looks like they are here to stay, with their population expanding year by year. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者初到智利就發(fā)現(xiàn)那里的流浪狗很多，且其數(shù)量還在不斷增加。由此引發(fā)的問(wèn)題引起了人們的關(guān)注。 4．What caught the author’s attention after his arriving in Santiago? A．Fine local shops. B．Lots of street dogs. C．Many cute pet dogs. D．Broken traffic lights. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段末的“one of the first things I noticed was how many street dogs there were”及第二段開(kāi)頭的“On every corner ... for food.”可知，作者剛到圣地亞哥就注意到那里大量的流浪狗。 5．What do we know about street dogs in Chile? A．People are nice to them. B．Many of them are mistreated. C．Many of them have been killed. D．The government tries to help them. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。由第三段可知，當(dāng)?shù)氐娜藗儗?duì)流浪狗很好，給它們提供食物和住處等。 6．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The future of Chileans. B．How to help street dogs. C．What to do with street dogs. D．The problems faced by street dogs. 解析：選C　段落大意題。由第五段可知，智利的流浪狗數(shù)量大且增長(zhǎng)快，由此引發(fā)了一些問(wèn)題。針對(duì)如何解決流浪狗這一問(wèn)題，人們有不同的看法。 C Pamela Malhotra and her husband Anil K．Malhotra have spent the last 25 years buying abandoned agricultural land and reforesting it, to return the land to a biodiverse rainforest for elephants, birds and other creatures. The couple owns 300 acres of land in Brahmagiri, India. They’ve spotted more than 300 kinds of birds as well as many rare and threatened animal species.But, this was not the scene in 1991 when Anil and Pamela came to this part of the country.“When I came here, it was a wasteland.The owner wanted to sell because he couldn’t grow coffee or anything else here，” says Anil who worked in the real estate (房地產(chǎn)) and restaurant business in the US before moving to India.“For me and Pamela, this was what we were looking for all our life.” The couple had a love for nature from their childhood.When the Malhotras came to India, the pollution horrified them.“That was when we decided to do something to reclaim (開(kāi)墾) the forests in India，” says Anil.“We were not looking for money.Early on, we realized that shortage of fresh water will be a concern for India and the rest of the world.Acquisition, protection and reclamation of forested lands and wildlife habitat, where vital water sources have their origin, is the only way to save ourselves，” explains Anil. They sold property they owned in America, bought the first 55 acres and began to grow a forest.Soon, they bought the land nearby as well.“Many of the farmers considered their holdings ‘wasteland’ as very little grew on it and were happy to get money，” says Anil. Hunting and poaching (偷獵) was a challenge and often the locals did not understand what this couple was doing, so it required a lot of talking to create awareness.They worked with the forest department to set up camera traps and keep poachers away.“There are times I have fought with poachers，” says Pamela. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。一對(duì)美國(guó)夫婦在印度買(mǎi)下三百英畝的廢棄土地，植樹(shù)造林，造福后代。 7．Why did the Malhotras buy the wasteland in India? A．To build a private zoo. B．To preserve the environment. C．To develop the local agriculture. D．To protect rare birds and animals. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“buying abandoned agricultural land and reforesting it ...birds and other creatures”和第三段中的“the pollution horrified them”可以推知，Malhotra夫婦買(mǎi)下農(nóng)民廢棄的土地是為了解決當(dāng)?shù)氐奈廴締?wèn)題，保護(hù)環(huán)境。 8．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．The land.　　　　　　 B．The coffee. C．The restaurant. D．The scene in 1991. 解析：選A　代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段中的“it was a wasteland. The owner wanted to sell ... looking for all our life.”可知，這樣的土地正是Malhotra夫婦一直在尋找的。 9．What can be inferred about the Malhotras? A．They had a tough life in America. B．They lived in harmony with nature. C．They made a lot of money in India. D．They found important water sources. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“They’ve spotted more than 300 kinds of birds ...was not the scene in 1991”可知，經(jīng)過(guò)Malhotra夫婦的努力，他們買(mǎi)下的廢棄土地已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大變化，吸引了許多鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和珍稀動(dòng)物。由此可見(jiàn)，他們與大自然和諧相處。 10．What might the Malhotras think of the local farmers? A．They are greedy for profits. B．They are ready to help others. C．They lack environmental awareness. D．They have no knowledge of agriculture. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Hunting and poaching (偷獵) was a challenge ...talking to create awareness.”可以推知，Malhotra夫婦認(rèn)為當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民缺乏環(huán)保意識(shí)。